A Odisseia de Homero e a incrível jornada de Odisseu (Ulisses) | Mitologia Grega

Summary

The video recounts the epic journey of Odysseus, the Greek hero, as he struggles to return home after the Trojan War. Over ten years, he faces numerous dangers, including the Cyclops Polyphemus, the sorceress Circe, the deadly Sirens, and the wrath of Poseidon. Despite his cleverness and resilience, Odysseus suffers betrayals and setbacks, such as the opening of a bag of winds and the temptation of cattle on the island of Helios. After enduring numerous hardships, he finally returns to Ithaca, where he reunites with his wife, Penelope, and reclaims his kingdom from suitors vying for her hand.

Takeaways

• 😀 Odysseus' journey is famously referred to as an 'Odyssey' because of the many twists and turns it took before he returned home to Ithaca.
• 😀 After the fall of Troy, Odysseus and his men began a long and dangerous journey home, encountering various challenges along the way.
• 😀 The Greek hero first stops in Ismaros, where his men looted the city, but they were soon attacked by stronger forces, resulting in the loss of 36 men.
• 😀 In the land of the Lotus Eaters, some of Odysseus' men became entranced by the lotus flowers, forgetting their homes. Odysseus had to force them back to the ships.
• 😀 Odysseus and his men then encountered the Cyclops Polyphemus, whose brutal behavior led to a daring escape after Odysseus blinds him and uses clever tactics to trick him.
• 😀 Polyphemus' father, Poseidon, seeks revenge on Odysseus by making his journey home even more treacherous.
• 😀 Odysseus receives help from the wind god Aeolus, but his men open the bag of winds, causing a storm that pushes them back to where they started.
• 😀 On the island of Circe, Odysseus' men are transformed into pigs, but with the help of a protective herb, he befriends the sorceress and she aids them in their journey.
• 😀 Odysseus is instructed by Circe to visit the underworld and consult the prophet Tiresias, who warns him about the wrath of Poseidon and the consequences of harming the Sun God's cattle.
• 😀 During the journey, Odysseus and his men face numerous mythical dangers, including the seductive Sirens and the monstrous Scylla and Charybdis.
• 😀 After years of hardship, Odysseus finally returns to Ithaca, where he is reunited with his son Telemachus and wife Penelope, and they together defeat the suitors who had overrun his palace.

Q & A

What is the origin of the term 'Odyssey'?

The term 'Odyssey' is often used to describe a long journey with many challenges and setbacks. It originates from the ancient Greek epic poem, the 'Odyssey' by Homer, which recounts the adventures of Odysseus as he attempts to return home after the Trojan War.

How long did Odysseus' journey take after the fall of Troy?

Odysseus' journey took a total of 20 years: 10 years fighting in the Trojan War and another 10 years trying to return home to Ithaca.

What happened when Odysseus and his men first arrived at Ismarus?

When Odysseus and his men arrived at Ismarus, the land of the Cicones, they plundered the city. However, their delay in leaving allowed reinforcements from the Cicones to arrive, resulting in a battle where 36 of Odysseus' men were killed.

What danger did Odysseus face on the land of the Lotus-Eaters?

On the land of the Lotus-Eaters, Odysseus' men ate the intoxicating lotus flower, which made them forget their desire to return home. Odysseus had to force them back to the ships and tie them down to prevent them from staying.

How did Odysseus outwit Polyphemus, the Cyclops?

Odysseus and his men trapped Polyphemus in his cave. After getting him drunk on wine, they blinded him by stabbing his single eye. They then escaped by hiding under the sheep of the Cyclops, tricking him into letting them go while he searched for them blindly.

What were the consequences of Odysseus blinding Polyphemus?

Polyphemus was the son of Poseidon, the god of the sea. In revenge for his son's blinding, Poseidon made Odysseus' journey even more difficult, ensuring that he would not reach home easily.

What help did Aeolus, the god of winds, provide to Odysseus?

Aeolus gave Odysseus a bag containing the winds, which would guide him home. However, when Odysseus' men, thinking the bag contained treasure, opened it, releasing the winds and causing a storm that blew them off course.

What transformation did Circe perform on Odysseus' men?

Circe, the enchantress, turned Odysseus' men into pigs after they ate her food and drank her potion. Odysseus was able to resist her magic thanks to the help of Hermes, who gave him a magical herb.

What prophecy did the blind seer Tiresias give to Odysseus?

Tiresias prophesied that Odysseus would face more challenges due to Poseidon's anger and warned him not to harm the cattle of the Sun God, Helios, on the island of Thrinacia. He also foretold that Odysseus would eventually return home, but only after great suffering.

What ultimately happened to Odysseus' men after they disobeyed Tiresias' warning?

Odysseus' men, despite being warned, killed and ate the sacred cattle of Helios on the island of Thrinacia. As a result, a storm sent by Zeus destroyed their ships, and all of the men perished, leaving only Odysseus alive.