Sejarah Kelas 10 l Kerajaan Sriwijaya dan Kerajaan Mataram Kuno (Materi Lengkap)

Summary

This video explores two major ancient kingdoms in Indonesia: Srivijaya and Mataram Kuno. It details the rise, culture, economy, and eventual decline of Srivijaya, focusing on its strategic position in trade, its religious significance as a Buddhist hub, and its interactions with other kingdoms like the Chola Empire. The video also covers the history of Mataram Kuno, its dynasties, and its cultural achievements, including monumental temples like Borobudur and Prambanan. Factors contributing to the decline of both kingdoms are examined, offering insight into the complex political, social, and environmental challenges they faced.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sriwijaya was a powerful maritime kingdom that flourished in Southeast Asia, particularly in Sumatra, around the 7th century CE.
• 😀 The location of the Sriwijaya kingdom has been debated, with evidence supporting Palembang, Jambi, Aceh, and Riau as potential capitals.
• 😀 Key historical sources for Sriwijaya include Chinese, Arab, and Indian records, as well as numerous inscriptions that document the kingdom's expansion and influence.
• 😀 Sriwijaya's economy thrived due to its strategic location in the middle of the trade routes between India and China, especially through the Malacca Strait.
• 😀 The kingdom's strong naval forces and the valuable natural resources like gold, silver, and spices played a significant role in its prosperity.
• 😀 The Sriwijaya kingdom was deeply influenced by Indian culture, particularly Hinduism and Buddhism, becoming a center for the spread of Buddhism in Southeast Asia.
• 😀 Sriwijaya's political structure saw several powerful rulers like Dapunta Hyang, Balaputradewa, and Sanggrama Wijayatunggawarman, who expanded the kingdom's territory and influence.
• 😀 The decline of Sriwijaya can be attributed to repeated invasions by the Chola dynasty of India, as well as internal instability and the rise of other regional powers.
• 😀 Mataram Kuno, an important Hindu kingdom in Central Java, flourished around the 8th century CE and is considered the continuation of the Kalingga kingdom.
• 😀 Mataram Kuno's economy was based on agriculture, particularly rice and gold, with trade gaining importance during the reign of King Balitung.
• 😀 The kingdom was marked by the cultural contributions of both Hindu and Buddhist architecture, including the construction of temples like Prambanan and Borobudur, which remain important historical sites.

Q & A

When did the Sriwijaya Kingdom exist?

The Sriwijaya Kingdom existed from the late 7th century AD.

Where was the Sriwijaya Kingdom located?

The Sriwijaya Kingdom was located in present-day Sumatra, Indonesia, with its center in Palembang, and it also had influence in regions like Jambi, Aceh, and Riau.

What are some historical sources that mention Sriwijaya?

Historical sources that mention Sriwijaya include Chinese records from the Tang Dynasty, Arab sources mentioning 'Zabak', Indian records about royal relations, and domestic inscriptions like the Kedukan Bukit inscription.

What were the main commodities traded by the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The main commodities traded by the Sriwijaya Kingdom were gold, silver, and spices, which were highly valued in international trade.

What cultural influence did Sriwijaya adopt?

Sriwijaya adopted significant cultural influences from India, including Hindu and Buddhist customs, which contributed to its role as a center for Buddhist learning in Southeast Asia.

What was the political structure of Sriwijaya?

Sriwijaya had a monarchial structure, with powerful rulers such as Dapunta Hyang, Balaputradewa, and Sanggrama Wijayatunggawarman, who expanded and defended its territories.

What caused the decline of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The decline of the Sriwijaya Kingdom was caused by repeated attacks from the Chola Kingdom, internal revolts, the loss of control over trade routes, and the eventual rise of other regional powers like Majapahit.

How did the Mataram Kuno Kingdom evolve?

The Mataram Kuno Kingdom evolved from the Kingdom of Kalingga in Central Java and later moved to East Java by the 10th century. It was initially Hindu but later incorporated Buddhist influences.

What role did agriculture play in the Mataram Kuno economy?

Agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, played a vital role in the Mataram Kuno economy, as the fertile lands of the Progo River valley supported both local consumption and trade.

What major religious structures were built during the Mataram Kuno period?

During the Mataram Kuno period, significant religious structures such as Candi Borobudur and Candi Prambanan were constructed, reflecting both Hindu and Buddhist religious influences.