🔴Gus Dur - Wajibkah Bikin Negara Islam? (Subtitle Indonesia)

Summary

In this speech, the speaker discusses the intersection of religion and the state in Indonesia, emphasizing the role of ulama (Islamic scholars) in the nation’s independence and defense. He explores the Islamic perspective on defending Indonesia as a religious duty, even though the country is not an Islamic state. The speaker also reflects on historical events, such as the Muktamar Nahdlatul Ulama in 1935 and the 1945 Declaration of Independence. He argues that while Indonesia is a diverse nation with multiple religions, it is important to uphold the nation's unity and pluralism, as envisioned by the founding fathers.

Takeaways

• 😀 The defense of Indonesia against foreign threats is considered a religious obligation in Islam, even though Indonesia is not an Islamic state.
• 😀 Ulama (Islamic scholars) played a crucial role in the independence of Indonesia, focusing on both its initial acquisition and its preservation.
• 😀 The debate on whether it is obligatory for Muslims in Indonesia to defend the Dutch colonial rule was addressed in the Muktamar Nahdlatul Ulama of 1935, with the conclusion that it was a religious duty.
• 😀 Despite Islam's emphasis on defending the land, Indonesia is not required to be an Islamic state, reflecting the secular nature of the government.
• 😀 The Proclamation of Independence on 17 August 1945 and the 'Resolusi Jihad' issued by PBNU emphasized the religious duty to protect the nation.
• 😀 Indonesia is a diverse country, with various religious groups, including Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Buddhists, and Confucians coexisting under the principle of 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' (Unity in Diversity).
• 😀 The role of ulama is to focus on moral guidance rather than pursuing political control or the establishment of an Islamic state.
• 😀 The concept of 'Jihad' in the context of defending the nation is not limited to religious warfare but encompasses broader civic duties in preserving the country.
• 😀 The ulama's responsibility is to promote good morals, as they are considered heirs to the prophets, emphasizing virtue rather than material wealth.
• 😀 Indonesia's national identity is rooted in its diverse communities and the strength that comes from this diversity, as exemplified by the nation's inclusive governance and values.

Q & A

Why is it stated that Indonesia must be defended, even though it is not an Islamic state?

The defense of Indonesia is considered a religious obligation in Islam, as it is a sovereign nation where Muslims have the freedom to practice their faith. The country, though not an Islamic state, is a place where the teachings of Islam can be followed, and this justifies its defense as an act of religious duty.

What role did the ulama (Islamic scholars) play in Indonesia's independence movement?

Ulama played a critical role in both the struggle for Indonesia's independence and its subsequent defense. They helped raise awareness about the importance of independence and supported the efforts to protect the nation from foreign invaders.

How was the question of defending Indonesia raised during the 1935 Muktamar Nahdlatul Ulama?

At the 1935 Muktamar Nahdlatul Ulama, the scholars discussed whether it was obligatory for Muslims to defend the Dutch East Indies (Hindia Belanda) under non-Muslim rule. The decision was that it was indeed a religious obligation to defend the land due to the historical presence of Islamic kingdoms in the region.

What is the significance of 'Qulil haqqa walau kaana murran' in the context of Indonesia's defense?

'Qulil haqqa walau kaana murran' translates to 'speak the truth, even if it is bitter.' This principle was emphasized by the ulama when they declared that defending Indonesia, even under colonial rule, was an Islamic duty, despite the country's non-Muslim rulers.

What is the perspective on Indonesia being an Islamic state according to the ulama?

The ulama's view is that Indonesia does not need to be an Islamic state. While the defense of the country is seen as a religious duty, the establishment of an Islamic state is not required in Islam. The key is that the people, regardless of their religion, have the freedom to practice their beliefs.

Why did the ulama not pursue the creation of an Islamic state in Indonesia?

The ulama recognized that creating an Islamic state was not a religious obligation. Their role was to ensure that the principles of Islam were followed, but they understood the importance of religious pluralism and national unity in a diverse society like Indonesia.

What was the resolution taken by PBNU on October 22, 1945?

On October 22, 1945, the PBNU (Nahdlatul Ulama's central board) issued the 'Resolusi Jihad,' which declared that defending Indonesia from foreign invaders was a religious obligation. It emphasized that fighting for the country's defense was akin to martyrdom (syahid).

What does the statement 'ulama are the heirs of the prophets' mean in this context?

The phrase 'ulama are the heirs of the prophets' signifies that Islamic scholars inherit the noble qualities and responsibilities of the prophets, particularly in terms of upholding moral conduct and guiding the community according to Islamic principles.

Why is it significant that ulama are described as the most fearful of moral violations?

Ulama, as the inheritors of prophetic wisdom, are described as being most concerned about moral violations because they are responsible for guiding the community toward righteous behavior and preserving the integrity of Islamic teachings.

How does the diversity in Indonesia contribute to the nation's formation, according to the speaker?

The speaker emphasizes that Indonesia's diversity, including different religions and cultures, is one of the foundational reasons for the nation's existence. This diversity must be embraced, as it is the source of Indonesia's strength, unity, and resilience.