Pemberian Desferal pada Anak

Summary

This video discusses the treatment of thalassemia using therapy with Desferal, a chelation drug to detoxify excess iron in the body. Thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, leads to low hemoglobin levels and iron overload. Desferal is administered through subcutaneous, intravenous, or pump infusion methods to bind unbound iron in the plasma and remove it from the body. It also helps prevent complications like hemosiderosis or iron accumulation in organs. The video highlights the drug's dosage, administration methods, and potential side effects, as well as the importance of monitoring and adjusting treatment based on the patient's condition.

Takeaways

• 😀 Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that causes hemoglobin to malfunction, leading to low oxygen levels in the body.
• 😀 Iron overload in thalassemia patients is a significant concern, as the body struggles to eliminate excess iron from blood cells.
• 😀 The goal of Desferal therapy (deferoxamine) is to detoxify excess iron by binding to unbound iron in the plasma and removing it from the body.
• 😀 Desferal therapy can help prevent or reduce iron accumulation in tissues, including the skin (hemosiderosis) and vital organs.
• 😀 Desferal is administered via injection into muscle, veins, or under the skin, often using an infusion pump for 8-12 hours.
• 😀 Iron chelation therapy should be started when serum ferritin levels reach 1,000 µg/L or transferrin saturation exceeds 70%.
• 😀 Vitamin C can enhance iron excretion and should be taken orally in doses of 2-4 mg/kg/day alongside Desferal therapy.
• 😀 Desferal should not be given to children under 2 years old due to the increased risk of toxicity at such a young age.
• 😀 Higher doses of Desferal (60-100 mg/kg per day) are used for patients with severe hemosiderosis and organ dysfunction, such as cardiomyopathy.
• 😀 Common side effects of Desferal therapy include injection site pain, swelling, blurred vision, rashes, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• 😀 Proper injection technique, including cleaning the injection site with alcohol, is essential to ensure safe and effective administration of the medication.

Q & A

What is thalassemia and how does it affect the body?

Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia. This results in lower oxygen levels in the blood, causing fatigue and requiring the body to compensate for the deficiency by increasing iron absorption.

What is the main goal of therapy for thalassemia patients?

The primary goal of therapy for thalassemia patients is to manage iron overload in the body. This is done through iron chelation therapy, which prevents complications such as organ damage from excess iron accumulation.

How does Desferal (deferoxamine) work in the treatment of thalassemia?

Desferal works by binding to excess iron in the body, forming a complex that can be excreted through urine. This helps to prevent iron buildup in organs and tissues, reducing the risk of damage.

What are the methods of administering Desferal for thalassemia treatment?

Desferal can be administered through intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous injections. It is typically given via an infusion pump over 8-12 hours.

When should iron chelation therapy be started in thalassemia patients?

Iron chelation therapy is typically started when serum ferritin levels exceed 1,000 ng/mL or transferrin saturation exceeds 70%, or after 10-20 blood transfusions.

What is the recommended dosage for Desferal?

Desferal is generally administered at a dose of 30-60 mg per kg per dose. The infusion rate should not exceed 15 mg per kg per hour, with a daily dose not exceeding 4-6 grams.

Why is Vitamin C given alongside Desferal during treatment?

Vitamin C enhances the effectiveness of iron excretion by Desferal. It is typically taken orally at a dose of 2-4 mg per kg per day, with 100-200 mg administered shortly after starting the Desferal infusion.

What are the potential side effects of Desferal therapy?

Potential side effects of Desferal therapy include pain and swelling at the injection site, blurred vision, allergic reactions (such as rash, difficulty breathing, and facial swelling), and general discomfort.

What precautions should be taken during the administration of Desferal?

Precautions include proper sanitization of the injection site with alcohol, using a correct injection technique, and monitoring the patient for any adverse reactions or signs of discomfort during the therapy.

Who should not receive Desferal therapy?

Desferal therapy is not recommended for children under the age of 2 due to the increased risk of toxicity. It should also be used cautiously in patients with minimal iron overload or organ damage.