Gerhana Bulan & Matahari Serta Sistem Penanggalan | IPA KELAS 6 SD Tema 8 Bagian 2 | Semester 2

Summary

This educational video explains the phenomena of lunar and solar eclipses, providing clear explanations of how they occur, their types, and the differences between them. It also delves into the two calendar systems: the Gregorian calendar (solar) and the Islamic Hijri calendar (lunar), highlighting their distinct methods of calculating years and months. The video uses visual aids and simple language to ensure understanding, making complex astronomical and calendrical concepts accessible to students.

Takeaways

• 😀 Gerhana (eclipse) occurs when one celestial body is obscured by the shadow of another.
• 😀 A lunar eclipse happens only at night during a full moon, when the Earth, Moon, and Sun align in a straight line.
• 😀 There are two types of shadows during a lunar eclipse: Umbra (dark shadow) and Penumbra (lighter shadow).
• 😀 Types of lunar eclipses include: Penumbral Lunar Eclipse (subtle dimming), Partial Lunar Eclipse (only part of the Moon is in Umbra), and Total Lunar Eclipse (whole Moon in Umbra).
• 😀 A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon blocks the Sun's light, casting a shadow on Earth.
• 😀 A solar eclipse also happens when the Sun, Moon, and Earth align in a straight line, but in a different configuration than a lunar eclipse.
• 😀 Types of solar eclipses include: Total Solar Eclipse (the Sun is fully covered), Partial Solar Eclipse (only part of the Sun is obscured), and Annular Solar Eclipse (a ring of the Sun is visible around the Moon).
• 😀 The duration of a total solar eclipse is typically no more than 7 minutes.
• 😀 Solar eclipses can only occur during the new moon phase, while lunar eclipses happen during a full moon.
• 😀 The video also discusses two calendar systems: the Gregorian (Solar) calendar, based on Earth's revolution around the Sun, and the Hijri (Lunar) calendar, based on the Moon's revolution around the Earth.

Q & A

What is a lunar eclipse?

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon, which makes it appear darkened. This can only happen during a full moon when the three celestial bodies align in a straight line.

What are the two types of shadows involved in a lunar eclipse?

There are two types of shadows in a lunar eclipse: the **Umbra**, which is the dark, central part of the shadow where the Sun is completely blocked, and the **Penumbra**, which is the lighter outer part of the shadow where only part of the Sun is blocked.

What is the difference between a lunar eclipse and a solar eclipse?

In a lunar eclipse, the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, blocking sunlight from reaching the Moon. In a solar eclipse, the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, blocking sunlight from reaching the Earth.

What are the different types of lunar eclipses?

There are four types of lunar eclipses: 1) **Total Lunar Eclipse** where the Moon is completely covered by Earth's shadow. 2) **Partial Lunar Eclipse** where only a portion of the Moon is covered. 3) **Penumbral Lunar Eclipse** where the Moon passes through the Earth's penumbral shadow and appears dimmer. 4) **Annular Lunar Eclipse** where the shadow of the Earth does not completely cover the Moon.

How does a solar eclipse occur?

A solar eclipse happens when the Moon comes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the sunlight from reaching the Earth. This can only happen during a new moon when the Sun, Moon, and Earth align in a straight line.

What are the different types of solar eclipses?

There are three types of solar eclipses: 1) **Total Solar Eclipse** where the Moon completely covers the Sun, blocking all sunlight. 2) **Partial Solar Eclipse** where the Moon only covers part of the Sun, creating a crescent shape. 3) **Annular Solar Eclipse** where the Moon covers the center of the Sun, leaving a ring of sunlight around the edges.

What is the difference between a total solar eclipse and a partial solar eclipse?

A **total solar eclipse** occurs when the Moon completely covers the Sun, blocking all sunlight, while a **partial solar eclipse** happens when the Moon only partially covers the Sun, leaving a crescent shape of sunlight visible.

What is the Gregorian (Masehi) calendar based on?

The Gregorian calendar is based on the Earth's orbit around the Sun. It has 365.25 days per year, and every four years, an extra day is added to February to account for the additional 0.25 days, creating a leap year.

What is the Islamic (Hijri) calendar based on?

The Islamic (Hijri) calendar is based on the Moon's orbit around the Earth. A year in the Hijri calendar consists of approximately 354 or 355 days, making it shorter than the Gregorian year.

Why does the Gregorian calendar have a leap year?

The leap year exists to account for the extra 0.25 days in each year. Since the Earth's orbit around the Sun is not exactly 365 days, an extra day is added to the calendar every four years to keep the dates aligned with the Earth's orbit.