Sistem Organisasi Kehidupan Makhluk Hidup - Sel | IPA | SayaBisa
Summary
TLDRThe video explains the human body as a company where cells are the workers, organized into teams forming tissues, organs, and systems, all working together. It details the structure and function of a cell, comparing organelles like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, and nucleus to various parts of a company. The differences between plant and animal cells are highlighted, such as the presence of lysosomes in animal cells and plastids and a cell wall in plant cells. It concludes by marveling at the complexity of life and the design of living organisms.
Takeaways
- 🏢 A large company is compared to a human body, with offices as cells and employees as workers, organized into teams that collaborate on projects.
- 🔬 Cells are the basic units of life, similar to how workers are the basic units of a company, each performing specific functions.
- 🧬 Cells have a semi-permeable membrane that allows certain substances to pass through, akin to how employees are selectively involved in company operations.
- 💧 The cytoplasm within cells is mostly water and contains nutrients, similar to how employees are nourished and supported by company resources.
- 🏭 Mitochondria are described as the energy source of the cell, paralleling the energy and drive that employees bring to their work.
- 🏗 Ribosomes are likened to protein factories within cells, just as certain departments within a company produce outputs.
- 🚚 The Golgi apparatus is portrayed as a courier, distributing proteins, similar to how a company's logistics or distribution teams function.
- 🔄 The endoplasmic reticulum is mentioned, which has both rough and smooth forms, playing different roles in protein synthesis within cells.
- 🌿 In plant cells, there are additional structures like the cell wall, made of cellulose and pectin, providing rigidity, unlike animal cells which are more flexible.
- 🌿 Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the green pigment necessary for photosynthesis in plants, highlighting the unique functions of different cell types.
- 🧬 DNA and proteins within the nucleus hold the genetic information, similar to how company data and strategies are crucial for its operation.
- 🔬 The nucleus is compared to the heart, essential for the cell's function, just as key departments are vital for a company's success.
- 📚 The nucleolus is described as being composed of RNA, which is important for protein synthesis in the nucleus, highlighting the importance of specialized structures within cells.
Q & A
How is a large company compared to the human body in the script?
-A large company is compared to the human body where the company is the body, the offices are cells, and the employees are the workers within those cells. They are organized into teams that work together, similar to how cells form tissues and organs in the human body.
What is the role of the cell membrane as described in the script?
-The cell membrane is described as having a protective function, similar to the skin. It is semi-permeable, allowing only certain substances to enter the cell.
What are the two parts of the cytoplasm mentioned in the script?
-The cytoplasm is divided into two parts: the ectoplasm, which is the outer part, and the endoplasm, which is the inner part.
What is the function of the cytoplasm in a cell?
-The cytoplasm is described as being 90% water and containing nutrients. It acts like a cushion, keeping all the cell organelles in their place.
What is the role of mitochondria in a cell as per the script?
-Mitochondria are referred to as the energy source of the cell.
What is the function of ribosomes in the cell according to the script?
-Ribosomes are likened to protein manufacturing factories within the cell.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
-The Golgi apparatus is described as a courier that distributes proteins within the cell.
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum mentioned in the script?
-There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
-The vacuole is described as a space containing liquid that is bounded by a membrane, and it differs in size and quantity between plant and animal cells.
What is the role of the nucleus in the cell?
-The nucleus is compared to the heart, responsible for making the cell work. It contains nucleoplasm, which is composed of water, proteins, and minerals, and chromosomes that carry genetic information.
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells as mentioned in the script?
-Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus with a porous membrane, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?
-Lysosomes are described as being similar to our digestive system, breaking down foreign substances with enzymes.
What is the special organelle found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
-In plant cells, there are plastids which contain pigments, including chlorophyll which gives plants their green color.
What is the difference in elasticity and structure between animal and plant cells?
-Animal cells are more elastic, while plant cells are more rigid. Plant cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose and pectin, giving them a more rigid structure.
Outlines
🧬 Cellular Organization and Function
This paragraph explains the analogy of a large company to a human body, where the office represents the body and the cells are the employees. It describes how cells are organized into teams that work together, similar to how different departments in an office collaborate on projects. The paragraph goes on to explain the concept of organs and organ systems in the body, comparing them to the different floors and projects in a company. It discusses the importance of each cell's function for the body, just as each employee is crucial for the company's operation. The paragraph also delves into the structure of cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and various organelles such as the mitochondria (energy source), ribosomes (protein factories), endoplasmic reticulum (protein transport), and the nucleus (control center). The function of each organelle is explained in the context of their role in the cell, similar to how different employees have different roles in a company.
🌿 Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
The second paragraph focuses on the differences between plant and animal cells. It mentions that while both types of cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm, there are unique organelles specific to each. For example, animal cells have lysosomes, which are like digestive systems that break down waste and foreign substances using enzymes. In contrast, plant cells have plastids, which contain pigments like chlorophyll, responsible for the green color in leaves. The paragraph also discusses the cell wall made of cellulose and pectin in plant cells, which gives them a more rigid structure compared to animal cells. Additionally, it highlights the differences in vacuoles, with animal cells having more but smaller vacuoles, while plant cells have fewer but larger ones. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the diversity of life forms, from single-celled bacteria to multicellular organisms like humans, and how all these life forms are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Cell
💡Tissue
💡Organ
💡Membrane
💡Cytoplasm
💡Mitochondria
💡Ribosome
💡Endoplasmic Reticulum
💡Golgi Apparatus
💡Nucleus
💡Chloroplast
💡Vacuole
💡Multicellular
💡Unicellular
Highlights
A large corporation is compared to a body where the office is the torso and the cells are the employees.
Employees are organized into teams that work together, similar to networks of cells.
Teams usually work in the same room, forming an organ from networks of rooms.
The office is divided into floors, each working on different projects but with the same goal.
Just like our body is made up of systems and organs, all working according to their functions.
Without cells, life cannot be formed, similar to how a body needs cells to function.
Cells have organelles, similar to how the human body has organs.
The outermost part of the cell is the cell membrane, which is like the skin.
The cell membrane is semi-permeable, allowing only certain substances to enter the cell.
The cytoplasm is composed of 90% water and contains nutrients, acting as a cell's lifebuoy.
The cytoplasm contains organelles like mitochondria, the source of energy for the cell.
Ribosomes are compared to protein factories within the cell.
The Golgi apparatus acts as a courier, distributing proteins within the cell.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a long pathway within the cell, involved in protein synthesis.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough and smooth.
The vacuole is a space within the cell that contains liquids, surrounded by a membrane.
The nucleus is the most important organelle, compared to the heart, controlling cell function.
The nucleus contains nucleoplasm, which is made up of water, proteins, and minerals, and chromosomes.
Genes within chromosomes determine our traits and resemblance to our parents.
Nucleoli are part of the nucleus and are involved in protein synthesis specific to the nucleus.
Lysosomes are special organelles found in animal cells that digest foreign substances.
Plant cells have a special organelle called plastids, which contain pigments like chlorophyll.
Plant cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose and pectin, giving them a more rigid structure.
Animal cells are more elastic, while plant cells are more rigid.
The size of vacuoles differs between animal and plant cells.
Multicellular organisms are made up of thousands or even millions of cells.
Unicellular organisms, like bacteria, are composed of a single cell.
Cells are the basis of all living organisms, showcasing the complexity and beauty of life.
The creator has designed cells with intricate detail and perfection.
Transcripts
bayangkan sebuah perusahaan yang sangat
besar badan kita adalah
kantornya dan sel-sel adalah
karyawannya Biar kerjanya enggak
serabutan para karyawan dibagi jadi
beberapa
tim itulah jaringan gabungan dari
sel-sel
tim-tim Yang kerjanya saling berhubungan
biasanya bergabung dalam satu ruangan
itulah organ gabungan dari
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jaringan-jaringan ruangan-ruangan yang
mengerjakan satu proyek yang sama
ditempatkan di satu
lantai itulah sistem organ gabungan dari
organ-organ meskipun kantor itu dibagi
jadi beberapa lantai dan mengerjakan
bermacam-macam proyek tapi tujuannya
sama menjalankan perusahaan dengan baik
sama seperti badan kita yang terdiri
dari beberapa sistem
organ semua bekerja sesuai fungsinya
agar tercipta sistem organisasi
kehidupan sebesar-besarnya
perusahaan kalau enggak ada pekerja
enggak mungkin bisa
berjalan badan kita juga punya pekerja
namanya sel tanpa dia makhluk hidup
enggak akan kan terbentuk termasuk
kita sel sebenarnya Mirip loh sama
manusia kalau manusia punya organ tubuh
sel punya organel
sel ada apa aja
tuh yang paling luar ini ibarat kulitnya
sel disebutnya membran sel fungsinya
untuk melindungi
sel membran sel bersifat semi permeabel
Kak sat PAM jadi cuma zat-zat tertentu
yang bisa masuk ke dalam
sel kalau berhasil masuk ketemu deh
sitoplasma sitoplasma ada dua bagian
ektoplasma bagian luar endoplasma bagian
dalam
exit luar bagian luar and in dalam
bagian dalam lebih mudah kan hafalinnya
sitoplasma tersusun dari 90% air dan
mengandung zat-zat
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makanan sitoplasma itu kayak pelampung
Dia menjaga semua organel sel agar
selalu berada di
tempatnya jadi apa aja yang ditampung
sama
sitoplasma ini namanya mitokondria
sumber energi sel
Terus yang ini
ribosom ribosom ibarat pabrik pembuat
protein dan badan golgi yang ini sebagai
kurir yang menyalurkan protein
itu kalau saluran yang panjang ini
namanya juga
panjang retikulum
endoplasma singkatnya
re re ada dua RE kasar dan RE
halus RE kasar punya ribosom ingat kan
si pabrik
protein jadi RE kasar pun ikut membentuk
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protein kalau RE halus enggak punya
ribosom dia membentuk
lemak eh ini apa ya Kok ada cairan di
cairan ini namanya vakuola rongga berisi
cairan yang dibatasi
membran Akhirnya sampai deh ke organel
terpenting yaitu
nukleus dia ini ibarat jantung yang
membuat sel bisa bekerja
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nukleus atau intisel punya membran yang
berpori-pori tapi ada loh intisel yang
enggak punya membran kalau punya membran
intisel disebutnya sel
eukariotik Kalau enggak punya disebutnya
sel
prokariotik Di dalam nukleus ada cairan
nukleoplasma yang terdiri dari air
protein dan
mineral ada juga kromosom yang kayak
benang
ini di dalam benang-benang ini ada
banyak gen yang terbuat dari DNA dan
protein Kamu tahu enggak kenapa kita
bisa mirip sama Ayah atau Ibu
kita itu karena gen fungsinya Memang
sebagai pembawa sifat
terakhir ada nukleolus anaknya
nukleus disusun oleh RNA yang adalah
pabrik protein juga tapi khusus buat
nukleus sekarang kita lihat organel yang
spesial
ini kenapa spesial soalnya cuma ada di
sel
hewan namanya lisosom Ini tuh kayak usus
kita
teman-teman lisosom mencerna zat asing
dengan enzim
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pencernaan kalau di sel tumbuhan ada
yang spesial enggak ada dong organel
yang ini cuma ada di sel
tumbuhan namanya plastida isinya
pigmen Kalian pasti udah enggak asing
sama istilah klorofil alias zat hijau
daun Nah warna hijau itu dapatnya dari
sini AIDS masih ada satu lagi khusus di
sel tumbuhan di luar membran sel masih
ada dinding
sel disusun dari selulosa dan pektin
jadi bentuknya lebih
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kaku kalau dilihat dari bentuknya memang
sel hewan dan tumbuhan itu beda ya
teman-teman sel hewan lebih elastis
kalau tumbuhan lebih
kaku ukuran vakuolanya juga beda di sel
hewan vakuola lebih banyak tapi
kecil-kecil kalau di sel tumbuhan
vakuola Lebih dikit tapi
besar masih ingat kan organel spesial
mereka di sel hewan ada
lisosom di sel tumbuhan ada plastida dan
dinding
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sel dan ternyata teman-teman makhluk
hidup juga bisa dibedain dari sel
penyusunnya seperti yang udah dibahas
badan kita ini disusun dari ribuan
bahkan jutaan
sel makhluk hidup seperti kita disebut
multiseluler tapi ada juga makhluk
seperti bakteri yang cuma disusun dari
satu sel mereka disebut
uniseluler multi banyak Uni
satu Wah ternyata si kecil ini ajaib ya
dari dia bisa terbentuk berbagai makhluk
hidup lebih ajaib lagi pencipta kita
bisa bikin rancangan yang detail dan
sempurna teman-teman masih mau nonton
keajaiban lain yuk langsung tonton video
selanjutnya
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