Indonesia Explained!
Summary
TLDRL'Indonésie, quatrième pays le plus peuplé au monde avec 276 millions d'habitants, est souvent méconnue malgré sa taille énorme et sa diversité culturelle. Elle est le plus grand archipel au monde avec plus de 17 500 îles et possède une biodiversité exceptionnelle. Située entre l'océan Pacifique et l'océan Indien, elle est également transcontinentale, s'étendant sur l'Asie et l'Océanie. La population est principalement musulmane, et l'histoire complexe de ce pays est marquée par la colonisation, la lutte pour l'indépendance et la diversité ethnique et linguistique.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Indonésie est le quatrième pays le plus peuplé au monde avec 276 millions d'habitants.
- 🏝️ Le pays est constitué de plus de 17 500 îles, ce qui en fait le plus grand archipel au monde.
- 🗺️ Indonésie s'étend sur environ 1,9 million de kilomètres carrés, le plaçant au 14e rang mondial en termes de superficie.
- 🌋 Le pays est situé sur le « Ring of Fire », avec 76 volcans actifs sur 147, ce qui en fait une région géologiquement instable.
- 🏙️ L'île de Java, bien que ne représentant qu'une petite partie de la superficie totale du pays, abrite 56% de la population indonésienne.
- 🌱 Les éruptions de volcans apportent des minéraux qui rendent les terres de Java extrêmement fertiles, favorisant l'agriculture et la population dense.
- 🏢 La ville de Jakarta, la capitale, est la ville la plus peuplée d'Indonésie avec plus de 10 millions d'habitants.
- 🌊 Indonésie possède la troisième plus longue côte en monde, en raison de son archipel dispersé.
- 🐉 L'Indonésie est le pays le plus diversifié en termes de biodiversité, avec plus de 515 espèces de mammifères.
- 🏞️ Bali, une île tropicale indonésienne, est l'une des destinations touristiques les plus célèbres au monde.
Q & A
Quel est le rang de l'Indonésie en termes de population mondiale?
-L'Indonésie est classée quatrième sur la liste des pays les plus peuplés au monde.
Combien d'îles possède l'Indonésie, le plus grand archipel du monde?
-L'Indonésie possède plus de 17 500 îles.
Quelle est la taille totale de l'Indonésie en termes de superficie?
-L'Indonésie a une superficie d'environ 1,9 million de kilomètres carrés, la plaçant 14ème au monde.
Pourquoi l'Indonésie est-elle considérée comme un pays transcontinental?
-L'Indonésie s'étend sur les deux continents d'Asie et d'Océanie, avec sa moitié ouest située sur la deuxième plus grande île du monde, la Nouvelle-Guinée.
Quelle est la densité de population de l'île de Java?
-L'île de Java a une densité de population de 1171 habitants par kilomètre carré.
Quel est le nom du nouveau capital que l'Indonésie est en train de construire?
-Le nouveau capital est appelé 'Nusantara' et sera située sur la rive orientale de Bornéo.
Quelle est la longueur de la côte de l'Indonésie?
-L'Indonésie a la troisième plus longue côte au monde, bien que cela dépende de la méthode de mesure.
Quels sont les deux principaux groupes ethniques en Indonésie?
-Le groupe ethnique le plus nombreux est le javanais, représentant 42% de la population, suivi par le sumatrais avec 15%.
Quel est le nombre de langues parlées en Indonésie?
-Il y a plus de 700 langues parlées en Indonésie.
Quels sont les deux saisons en Indonésie?
-Il y a deux saisons en Indonésie : la saison sèche d'avril à octobre et la saison des pluies de novembre à mars.
Quel est le plus haut sommet de l'Indonésie et où se trouve-t-il?
-Le plus haut sommet de l'Indonésie est le Puncak Jaya, situé sur l'île de la Nouvelle-Guinée, et il atteint 4 884 mètres de hauteur.
Outlines
🗺️ Géographie et démographie d'Indonésie
Le premier paragraphe aborde l'ampleur et la complexité de l'Indonésie, un pays souvent méconnu malgré sa position au quatrième rang mondial en termes de population, avec 276 millions d'habitants. L'Indonésie est la plus grande nation d'archipel, comptant plus de 17 500 îles. Elle est située entre l'océan Pacifique et l'océan Indien, et bien que sa taille soit considérable, elle n'est pas toujours pleinement appréciée en raison de sa dispersion. On mentionne également la capitale Jakarta, qui abrite plus de 10 millions d'habitants, et l'idée que l'Indonésie est en train de construire une nouvelle capitale, appelée Nusantara, sur la côte est de Bornéo.
🌋 Volcans, séismes et biodiversité
Le deuxième paragraphe traite de la vulnérabilité de l'Indonésie aux catastrophes naturelles en raison de sa situation géologique, avec 75% des volcans actifs de la planète et un nombre important de séismes. On évoque également la beauté naturelle du pays, ses plages, ses récifs coralliens et sa biodiversité élevée, avec plus de 515 espèces de mammifères. Bali, une île tropicale célèbre, est mentionnée en tant que lieu de villégiature populaire. L'équateur passe par plusieurs îles indonésiennes, ce qui donne à l'Indonésie un climat relativement stable avec deux saisons distinctes : la saison sèche et la saison des pluies.
🏛️ Histoire et culture d'Indonésie
Le troisième paragraphe retrace l'histoire d'Indonésie, depuis les premiers habitants austronesiens jusqu'à la colonisation européenne, en passant par l'arrivée de l'islam et la période de l'indépendance. On mentionne les conflits et les massacres de la période de la guerre froide, ainsi que la prise de pouvoir par le général Suharto et son régime dit 'Nouvel Ordre'. On évoque également la diversité ethnique et linguistique du pays, avec plus de 1300 groupes ethniques et plus de 700 langues, soulignant le motto 'unité dans la diversité' de l'Indonésie.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡archipelago
💡volcan
💡population
💡transcontinental
💡biodiversité
💡capitale
💡tectonique des plaques
💡Bali
💡pygmé tarsier
💡histoire
Highlights
Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world.
It has over 700 languages, the most diverse linguistically.
Indonesia is the 14th largest country by land area, with approximately 1.9 million square kilometers.
It is the largest archipelago nation, consisting of over 17,500 islands.
Indonesia is transcontinental, spanning both Asia and Oceania.
Java, one of its islands, is home to 56% of Indonesia's population.
The island of Java has a population density of 1171 people per square kilometer.
Jakarta, the capital, has a population of over 10 million people.
Indonesia is building a new capital, costing at least 32 billion US Dollars.
It has the third largest coastline in the world.
Indonesia is part of the Ring of Fire, with 75% of the world's active volcanoes.
Bali is one of the world's most famous resort spots.
Indonesia has the highest level of biodiversity, with 515 species of mammals.
Punak Jaya is the highest peak of any island in the world.
Indonesia has a complex history with influences from various cultures and religions.
The country has a motto 'unity in diversity' reflecting its ethnic and linguistic variety.
Indonesia's population is predominantly Muslim, with nearly 87% following Islam.
The country is known for its natural disasters, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Indonesia is working to improve its global standing, becoming a member of the G20.
Transcripts
while not overlooking the love-hate
relationship with numerous volcanoes and
having over 700 languages the most
mind-betting fact about Indonesia is
just how much it is unknown and
overlooked as this country located in
Asia is to be found near the top of
volta's size and the population shards
globally I mean it's ranked fourth on
the most populous countries list behind
the United States and head of Pakistan
with its 276 million people yet we
challenge the non-indonesians watching
this to name three famous people from
the Asian country feel free to write
them in the comments but don't you dare
Google it first and imma be honest here
before researching this country and not
counting their Infamous former
presidents I also couldn't name that
many except for one in India and more on
that later on
[Music]
however I did know it was a big country
and Indonesia is a massive land in fact
it's placed 14th in the world with just
about 1.9 million square kilometers just
behind Mexico and head of Sudan and if
you think I know enough about Indonesia
but you still haven't caught on to the
fact that you've been staring at the map
that had several of the major islands
removed well you're in for a treat to be
frank I actually think you can be
forgiven for not knowing there were some
islands missing as Indonesia is the
largest archipelago nation in the world
and has over 17 500 Islands the country
is located between the Pacific and the
Indian Ocean but due to its clusterness
Indonesia's size isn't appreciated
enough and I think this is one of the
reasons most people wouldn't name
Indonesia when asked about a massive
country but if we take this nation and
put it over the United States of America
you see it stretches out past its coasts
and if we do the same thing over Europe
it will set out from the Western edges
of Ireland and spill over to the deserts
of Turkmenistan again it's a massive
country Indonesia is also one of the
countries considered transcontinental
spanning over both Asia and Oceania with
their Western half of the second largest
island in the world New Guinea Indonesia
also shares the third largest island in
the world which is Borneo while it is
the sole Sovereign of three other
islands in the top 15 being Sumatra
sulavesi and Java the last of which is
particularly mind-blowing as it is the
home to 56 percent of the Indonesian
population yeah that means that this
small strip of land holds more people
than Japan or even Russia and that's
with the fact that this area is just
about 124 000 square kilometers which
isn't even one percent of the total
landmass of Russia you see the
population of this island is so big that
if it was a sovereign country the island
of java would have some of the highest
population density in the world with
1171 people per square kilometers
ranking in behind the city states like
Monaco and Macau and all of that even
though seemingly other larger Indonesian
Islands seem like the better fit for a
massive population due to larger planes
and having far fewer volcanoes and here
is where the love-hate relationship with
volcanoes we mentioned comes into play
as the eruptions true Ash bring with
them minerals that make the lands on
Java extremely fertile that in turn
provides the abundance of rice fields
required to sustain a large population
like the one in the capital city of
Jakarta which is home to over 10 million
people now that's more than the entire
population of Sweden on top of this five
other cities from the top 15 most
populous in Indonesia which have more
than a million people all are adjacent
to Jakarta so it makes more sense to
look at the metropolitan area as a whole
which has around 34 million people no
wonder the traffic congestions isn't
famous but even causing the city itself
to sink Yes you heard that right it is
physically sinking which kind of makes
the next crazy sentence a bit more
understandable Indonesia is building a
new capital from scratch you see this is
a project that will cost at least 32
billion US Dollars and in the end give
birth to new santara or the archipelago
in English on the eastern shore of
Borneo and if you want us to explore a
more Sinister take on why some countries
change their capitals perhaps including
Indonesia let us know in the comments
and we might do just that despite being
an island nation Indonesia does have
quite a bit of land borders about 3.1
000 kilometers of them are on the island
called Borneo as there's a line of just
about 2 000 kilometers with their main
Rivals Malaysia on the island New Guinea
there is a divide of 820 kilometers with
Papua New Guinea the only country that
has them beat on polyglotism which if
you don't want to Google the word means
the use of many languages
while on teamer Island Indonesia borders
and splits East Timor or timor-lest for
a total of 268 kilometers
Indonesia also has the third largest
Coastline in the world although that
depends on who and how it's being
measured as the country is divided by
the many bodies of salty water like the
Java sea Banda sea molukasi and quite a
few others a lot of Transit is done by
fairies going from the East and most
town in Indonesia jayapura to the near
westernmost Banda aje you would have to
travel 234 hours and change 5 ferries
but if you're taking on this journey
just watch out so you don't get stranded
on some of the 6 000 uninhabited islands
while the Topography of Indonesia is
stunningly beautiful with Lush
rainforest overlooked by steep volcanic
mountains it entails A Dark Truth
underneath as this is one of the most
volatile regions in the world most of
the country is part of the famed Ring of
Fire where 90 of all earthquakes happen
and also holds about 75 percent of all
active volcanoes on the planet these
massive movements of the Earth are
caused by tectonic plates and Indonesia
in particular finds itself on the cross
section of several of them between the
two continental plates the Australian
and the Eurasian but also between the
two oceanic plates the Pacific and the
Philippine Sea plate the subduction of
the Indian plate beneath the Eurasian is
what made the volcanic Arc stretching
across Sumatra Java Bali and the smaller
Islands to the east as since the year
2000 this area has suffered 18
earthquakes of strengths 7.5 or higher
on the Richer magnitude scale which is
the same power as the massive event that
hit turkey in 2023. in 2004 The Joint
second strongest earthquake ever
recorded happened off the coast of
Sumatra causing a massive tsunami that
caused tremendous destruction in its
path and naturally since the location of
the Quake Indonesia was hit hard and the
damages caused massive problems and with
147 volcanoes 76 of which are active
Indonesia pays a heavy price for its
Heavenly luxuries like the shallow seas
and coral reefs and speaking of
beautiful places one of the world's most
famous resort spots is Bali an
Indonesian tropical island with amazing
weather like most of the country you see
the equator cuts to several of the
Indonesian Islands resulting in a
climate that stays rather consistent to
throughout the year with only two
seasons the dry one from April to
October and the rainy season from
November to March although the humidity
is quite high as it sits between 70 to
90 percent so naturally tourists flock
to Indonesia and the country had over 16
million international arrivals in 2019.
most of them coming from Malaysia China
Singapore and Australia Indonesia also
holds the highest peak of any island in
the world punsak Jaya which also is the
highest peak of the country and is
located in the Far East on the island of
New Guinea and stands at
4884 meters due to Indonesia's size and
fertile climate this country has one of
the highest levels of biodiversity
resembling Australia in that Spectrum
you see Indonesia has more species of
mammals than any other country in the
world 515 of them to put a number on it
but none of them are more alien-like
than the pygmy tarsier and when I think
about it it's looking very much like a
Furby as well but two other animals
endemic to the area are more famous than
most of the celebrities from the country
and also are the orangutan and the
Komodo dragon the latter one being the
official national animal of the Republic
and let's be frank here this must be
some kind of dinosaur while the fauna
doesn't fall behind in terms of variants
as the giant Padma most beautifully
illustrates how come we all know so much
about orangutans and the Komodo dragons
but so little about the people that they
might or may not eat to fix that we must
delve into history which is as complex
as its geography the established story
states that 4 000 years ago the
austronesians descended from Taiwan
across the sea first settle on the
island of sulavesi in the 7th Century
A.D the sriviera naval Kingdom
flourished controlling the passages
between China and India based from
Sumatra and this was an important point
for the expansion of Buddhism until the
12th century although Hinduism coexisted
in the region on Java the Buddhist
Highlander Dynasty Left Behind the
religion's largest temple bura budur and
not far from it around 35 kilometers the
Hindu mataram Dynasty bestowed upon the
world its Temple prambanan both were
built in the same Century yet today not
even three percent of Indonesia's
population is Buddhist or Hindu combined
Javanese Kingdom my Japan was the last
great pre-islamic power controlling much
of today's Indonesia but also parts of
Mainland Malaysia before coming undone
in the early 16th century but long
before its demise in the 13th century or
even the 9th century depending on the
sources Islam started spreading
throughout the region and it spread not
by conkers but by Traders and religious
figures following them resulting in
Indonesia today being the most populous
Muslim majority state with nearly 87
percent of the population following its
teachings alongside Islam about 10
percent is Christians Catholics and
Protestants combined in the 16th century
the natural richness of the area Drew in
the European colonizers with the
Portuguese arriving first yet
reinfluence was overshadowed by the
Dutch hence the ratio of Catholics and
Protestants interestingly the Dutch
didn't manage to make the language stick
as other colonizers did which might be
one of the reasons why Indonesia isn't
so prominent in the global culture but
it is in colonism that Indonesia draws
its name from though as it was coined by
English ethnologist named George winter
Earl who coined the term Indonesian the
Europeans named the region the East
Indies due to its position aligned to
India while the locals most commonly
used the term you now might be familiar
with nusan Tara through its Infamous
Dutch East India Company the Dutch rule
over the archipelago despite many
rebellions all until World War II when
the Japanese Empire conquered entire
southeast Asia except Thailand which we
talk about here but including Indonesia
with supports from some of the local
nationalists the Japanese were another
Menace for the locals who drained the
land and the people of the resources
luckily that didn't last long as in 1945
after Japan's capitalism the leader of
the nationalists sukarno became the
first President of Indonesia and served
until 1967. the country's sovereignty
was recognized only in 1949 after
conflict with the Dutch held by the
Brits which caused the Europeans around
6 000 lives and the locals somewhere
between 25 000 to 100 000 so Cardinal
now had a massive diverse country to run
all while he was leaning towards
socialism in a deeply religious country
and in an event that to this day is
shrouded with mystery and theories in
1965 the Army reacted to a coupe attempt
blamed the Communist for it and then in
merciless purchase killed up to a
million of them this happened around the
same time as the peak of the Cold War
and it's not surprising that many
sources claimed that the shift was
orchestrated by the intelligence
agencies of the United States and UK
Major General suharta took power in 1967
with his ruling party the New Order in
1975 after Portugal renounced its claim
on East Timor Indonesia invaded a small
country with no complaints from the
largest Powers until the 1991 Santa Cruz
Massacre when 250 timuri's protesters
were killed which turned the narrative
or started it suharta was finished by
the economic crisis and in 1998 after
massive riots his rule ended his team
were regained its independence in 2002
and since then Indonesia has improved
its sense in the global Society becoming
a member of the 20. yet as we stated the
country is a micro Universe of its own
and not many people from Indonesia are
known globally I teach you how to start
with an India I knew of the person I was
thinking of is Raja Nina nainggolan who
earned his nickname after the
determination to fight after every loose
ball the footballer represented Belgium
but is Indonesian of batak background
from his father's side buttocks are one
of the 1 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia
the most numerous being the Javanese at
42 percent and soon Denise at 15
followed by a huge drop-off and a whole
map of Indonesia's ethnic groups could
give an anxiety attack even to Europa
universalis players but at least now the
number of 700 languages isn't that
surprising right although it had to be
formed through a Common Language the
Indonesian one neither surprising now is
the country's motto unity in diversity
obviously we only scratched the surface
of this colossal country and if this
video gets the crowd of a typical
Jakarta traffic Rush we'll surely take a
deeper dive into Indonesia
thank you
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