Latinoamérica expansionismo y hegemonía estadounidense 1900-1930.

Summary

This educational video discusses the historical context of European colonization in the Americas, focusing on the roles of Spain and Portugal, followed by other colonial powers like France, England, and the Netherlands. It also highlights the U.S.'s rise as a global power and its expansionist policies, including the Monroe Doctrine, the Big Stick policy, and Manifest Destiny. The video explores the political and cultural differences between Latin America and Anglo-Saxon countries and examines the lasting impact of U.S. hegemony on the region, shaping the dynamics of Latin American sovereignty and U.S. interventionism in the 20th century.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lesson is focused on the historical and geographical understanding of Latin America, U.S. expansionism, and its influence from 1900 to 1930.
• 😀 The map highlights the five continents and their geographical distinctions, with particular attention given to Europe and America.
• 😀 Spain's colonization of the Americas is emphasized, with the distinction between 'colonization' (settling) and 'conquest' (taking control of territories).
• 😀 The voyages of Christopher Columbus led to the discovery of the Americas, with Portugal and Spain later dividing the territories through treaties.
• 😀 Brazil was colonized by Portugal, which resulted in Portuguese becoming the primary language, whereas Spanish was spoken in most of the other Latin American countries.
• 😀 Other European countries like France, Holland, and England also established colonies in the Americas, with France taking part of the Caribbean and North America, and England settling in North America (Canada and Alaska).
• 😀 The U.S. played a pioneering role in independence by breaking away from British rule in 1776, setting a precedent for other countries in the Americas.
• 😀 The map illustrates how European powers divided the Americas based on territorial claims and linguistic influences, leading to the current linguistic divisions in Latin America.
• 😀 The idea of 'Latin America' encompasses all of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, with the term reflecting both geographical and cultural connections.
• 😀 The term 'hegemony' is discussed, referring to the U.S.'s dominance over Latin America, including migration patterns and political influence.
• 😀 Three main U.S. expansionist policies are discussed: 'America for the Americans' (Monroe Doctrine), 'Big Stick Policy' (use of military force), and 'Manifest Destiny' (the belief in the U.S.'s divine mission to expand across the continent).

Q & A

What is the main focus of the script?

The main focus of the script is on Latin America, the expansionism, and the hegemony of the United States from 1900 to 1930. It covers historical events, including colonization, independence movements, and U.S. foreign policies in Latin America.

What does the speaker explain about colonization and conquest?

The speaker distinguishes between colonization and conquest. Colonization refers to the establishment of European (Spanish) settlers in the Americas, while conquest refers to the takeover of these territories by European powers.

How does the speaker describe the significance of Columbus's voyages?

The speaker explains that Columbus's voyages were significant because they marked the discovery of the Americas by Europeans, leading to further explorations and colonizations by Spain and other European nations.

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas and how did it impact the colonization of the Americas?

The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494 between Spain and Portugal, divided the New World into two areas of influence, with Spain claiming the western part (most of Latin America) and Portugal claiming the eastern part, which later became Brazil.

Which European countries were involved in the colonization of the Americas, and what territories did they claim?

The countries involved in the colonization of the Americas were Spain, Portugal, France, Holland, and England. Spain colonized most of Latin America, Portugal colonized Brazil, France took control of parts of the Caribbean and Guyana, Holland took Suriname and some Caribbean islands, and England colonized areas like Canada and the United States.

What role did the U.S. play in the independence movements of Latin America?

The United States, having gained independence earlier, became a model for Latin American nations seeking independence. However, U.S. influence in the region also grew, leading to a complex relationship with Latin American countries.

What is the difference between 'Anglo-Saxon' and 'Latin' America according to the speaker?

The speaker differentiates between Anglo-Saxon and Latin America based on cultural and linguistic elements. Anglo-Saxon America refers to English-speaking countries influenced by British culture (such as the U.S. and Canada), while Latin America includes Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries with Latin cultural roots.

What does the term 'hegemony' refer to in the context of the United States' relationship with Latin America?

In this context, hegemony refers to the political, economic, and military dominance exerted by the United States over Latin America. The U.S. used various policies to maintain control and influence in the region.

What are the main policies implemented by the U.S. to assert its dominance over Latin America?

The main policies mentioned are: 1) 'America for the Americans,' which is associated with the Monroe Doctrine (1823), asserting U.S. control over the Western Hemisphere; 2) the 'Big Stick' policy, which involved using military force to protect U.S. interests; and 3) the 'Manifest Destiny' doctrine, which justified U.S. territorial expansion across the continent.

What is the Monroe Doctrine, and how did it shape U.S. foreign policy in the 19th century?

The Monroe Doctrine, proclaimed in 1823, declared that European powers should not interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere, essentially positioning the U.S. as the dominant power in the Americas. It became a cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy in the 19th century.