WesternCiv105Ch18Lec10
Summary
TLDRThe video script delves into the historical British control of India, highlighting the transition from trade to political dominance by the East India Company and the subsequent colonial rule. It discusses the cultural impact of British presence in India, referencing classic literature and films that normalize this era. The script also touches on the Irish rebellion, the Haitian Revolution, and the complex racial dynamics influenced by Western ideologies. It emphasizes the evolving perspectives on race and culture, from initial exotic fascination to negative stereotypes, and the lasting impact of these historical events on contemporary society.
Takeaways
- 🌏 The video discusses the British colonial rule in India, highlighting the transition from trade to dominance and the lasting impact on Indian society.
- 🎥 Classic British films and literature often depict the British presence in India as natural, which can shape perceptions of colonial history.
- 📚 Rudyard Kipling's works, including 'The Jungle Book' and 'The White Man's Burden', reflect the colonial mindset and the era's racial theories.
- 🏛 The British exploitation of India, particularly the Bengal famine during World War II, is a dark chapter in the history of British-Indian relations.
- 🌱 The initial positive 'exotification' of Asian cultures by Europeans shifted to a more negative view as colonial dominance increased.
- 🏺 The Victorian era in Britain was marked by an 'exotic' fascination with non-Western art, fashion, and culture, evident in home decor and literature.
- 🏴 The Irish Rebellion is highlighted as an early example of resistance to British rule, with complex ties to Scottish and English involvement.
- 🗽 The Haitian Revolution is mentioned as a significant, though often overlooked, event that challenged societal norms and had far-reaching effects.
- 🌐 The script touches on the broader themes of European-Asian encounters, the evolution of racial theories, and their impact on self-perception and global politics.
- 📖 The lecture encourages further reading and exploration of these historical events and their ongoing relevance in modern global dynamics.
Q & A
What was the predominant religion in India during the time of British political control?
-India has always been predominantly Hindu, but during the time of British political control, it was ruled by the Mughals, who were Muslim.
How did the British presence in India influence popular culture and literature?
-The British presence in India was so pervasive that it became a common theme in classic movies and novels, such as 'The Secret Garden', 'Sherlock Holmes', and 'The Jungle Book' by Rudyard Kipling, which often took for granted the idea of the British being in India.
What is the significance of Rudyard Kipling's 'The White Man's Burden' in the context of British colonialism?
-Rudyard Kipling's 'The White Man's Burden' is a poem that celebrated the legacy of colonialism and the idea of the 'civilizing' mission of the British Empire, which was a justification for their control over people of color.
How did the British control over India lead to the Bengal Famine?
-The British took grain out of Bengal to feed their troops, which led to a famine where several million Bengalis died, highlighting the controversial legacy of British rule in India.
What was the status of Pakistan during the time of British control in India?
-Pakistan did not exist as a separate entity at the time of British control in India; it was a Muslim-majority area that was part of India.
How did the initial European encounters with Asia influence Western views on Asian cultures?
-Initially, there was an exotication of Asian cultures, with figures like Voltaire praising Chinese philosophy and Hinduism being seen in a positive light. However, as European dominance increased, these views began to shift to more negative perceptions.
What role did racial theories play in shaping the self-perception of Asian elites during the colonial era?
-Racial theories influenced Asian elites to see themselves in a hierarchy, with some, like the Japanese, believing they were a superior race due to Western literature that suggested they were more sophisticated compared to other Asians.
How did the Irish Rebellion reflect the complex relationship between the Celtic and Germanic peoples in the British Isles?
-The Irish Rebellion was part of a long-standing struggle between Celtic peoples, like the Irish, and the Germanic peoples, like the English, over control of the British Isles, reflecting a complicated history of invasions, integration, and nationalism.
What is the significance of the Haitian Revolution in the context of colonial resistance?
-The Haitian Revolution was a significant war for independence that resulted in the overthrow of the colonial society, unlike the American Revolution, which did not completely overturn societal structures. It stands as an example of successful resistance against colonial powers.
How did the legacy of Simón Bolívar influence modern Latin American resistance to foreign influence?
-Simón Bolívar, known as 'El Libertador', was a key figure in Latin America's fight for independence from Spanish rule. His legacy continues to inspire resistance to foreign dominance, as seen in figures like Hugo Chavez, who sought to reduce US influence in Latin America.
Outlines
📜 British Colonialism in India
This paragraph discusses the historical context of British control over India, highlighting the shift from trade to political dominance. It mentions the displacement of the Mughal rulers, who were Muslim, by the British and the cultural impact of this colonial presence in classic British literature and films, including works by Rudyard Kipling. The paragraph also touches on the controversial legacy of British rule, such as the Bengal famine, and the political dynamics that led to the formation of Pakistan. The speaker encourages further exploration of these topics and the broader implications of colonialism.
🌏 European Perceptions and Cultural Exchange
The second paragraph delves into the initial positive European fascination with Asian cultures, exemplified by the exoticization of Chinese philosophy, Hinduism, and the incorporation of Asian aesthetics into Victorian homes. It contrasts this early admiration with the later negative views that emerged as European powers began to dominate and conflict with these regions. The paragraph also discusses the racial theories that influenced perceptions of Asian peoples, such as the notion of the Japanese as a superior Asian race. It connects these historical views to contemporary racial dynamics and the impact of Western education on Asian elites' self-perception.
🏰 Rebellions and Nationalism in the British Isles and Latin America
This paragraph explores the historical rebellions and nationalist movements in the British Isles, particularly focusing on the Irish and Scottish experiences under English control. It discusses the complexities of identity and loyalty among the Celtic peoples and the English settlers in Ireland. The speaker also briefly mentions the broader context of Latin American resistance to European dominance, citing the example of Hugo Chavez and the legacy of Simón Bolívar. The paragraph serves as a segue to further discussions on the Enlightenment and the Haitian Revolution, inviting viewers to consider the enduring impact of these historical events on modern politics and society.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Racism
💡Haitian Revolution
💡British Colonialism
💡Mughals
💡East India Company
💡Rudyard Kipling
💡Exoticism
💡Irish Rebellion
💡Enlightenment
💡Cultural Appropriation
Highlights
Discussion on racism and its impact on Haitians and Dominicans.
The political control of India by the British and the displacement of the Mughal rule.
Cultural references to British presence in India in classic movies and literature.
The role of Rudyard Kipling and his views on colonialism and the 'white man's burden'.
The transition from trade to dominance by the East India Company and British colonialism.
The Bengal famine and its connection to British policies.
The historical context of Pakistan being part of India.
The initial positive encounters between Europeans and Asians, including the exoticization of Eastern cultures.
The shift from positive to negative views of Eastern cultures as European dominance increased.
The development of racial theories and their impact on self-perception in Asia.
The Haitian Revolution and its comparison to the American Revolution.
The Irish rebellion and its significance in the context of British colonialism.
The complex history of Scottish and Irish nationalism and their resistance to English control.
The legacy of Andrew Jackson and the influence of Irish and Scottish backgrounds on American views.
The Latin American struggle for independence and the influence of figures like Simón Bolívar.
The modern implications of historical resistance to colonialism in Latin America, exemplified by Hugo Chavez.
Encouragement for further reading and exploration of the topics discussed.
Transcripts
all right so um again that video that
you just saw on racism and the issue of
Haitians and Dominicans I want you to
kind of think about that as we explore
other topic later on and and then we're
also going to gonna have a video on the
Haitian Revolution in any case now
moving on just to talk about political
control of india by the british and in
this chapter here it talks about this
development keep in mind that India has
always been predominantly Hindu but at
this point it was ruled by the Mughals
who were Muslim okay and um they're
going to be displaced eventually and and
we're going to see Britain really
controlling India so much so think about
film especially if you've watched
classic movies or been in the classics
think about the secret garden think
about Shirley Temple movies think about
Sherlock Holmes um I can go on and on
about many especially British films and
famous novels that take for granted the
idea of the British being in India think
about rikki-tikki taffy what about the
jungle book who wrote The Jungle Book
and what was his politics same who did
rikki-tikki-tavi um I can go on and not
Rudyard Kipling I'm talking about and
he's the one that wrote a poem also
called the white man's burden I'm
celebrating the legacy of
conquering people of color um but you
have it so much so when I was a kid
growing up and I watch a lot of these my
mom loved these things my mom always um
mushy was politically neutral she was a
pacifist she was not she was against
racism she was against the idea of
people dominating others but we watched
all these old films I'm not even saying
that they're bad to watch I you know but
I'm really saying that I have to say as
a kid I started to take for granted this
idea of the British being in India and
kind of in a very natural way like
non-controversial which is probably what
functions helping you have a mass
literature that came out of that time
period right in any case you go from
having trade to then dominance a
political involvement by East India
Company to then um you know colonialists
getting killed as a pretext to then take
control directly of British interest
there so I just that's all I want to say
about this for now because I kind of
feel like I'm made a lot of the points I
wanted to make I want you to read up on
this and kind of look further into it in
the textbook again here we have this map
that talks about the British expansion
into India and we're going to see all
the way up into world war two i might
mention this again the the British had
India up until you know World War two
they took grain out of Bengal just to
feed British troops and several million
bengalis died in a famine and so the
legacy of India in India is
controversial to say the least so
anyways that's all I want to mention on
this for now and
I think we'll have an opportunity to
kind of explore some more about these
topics later keep in mind by the way to
that Pakistan does not exist yet
Pakistan is actually a part of India
it's a muslim-majority area of India
okay so anyway I just want to kind of
point that out at this point now it
talks about in this chapter encounters
between europeans and asians and how it
starts off being positive i would say
they exotic I'd the exotic fight right
so there was this mentioning of Voltaire
you know in his criticism of the Western
Church enamored with Confucianism of
Chinese philosophy is seen as a more
practical system there's an exotic ation
of Hinduism okay and um you know the art
in wallpaper and China becomes a big
deal i mean i want you to just think
about this for a moment let's take a
look at you know watching old sherlock
holmes flick for example i love sherlock
holmes flicks by the way especially
jeremy brett i have to say he was my
favorite sherlock holmes i like the new
sherlock holmes I'm gonna say but I like
that Jeremy Brett is my favorite okay um
he's dead not many rest in peace anyhow
but but you you watch the Sherlock
Holmes and you are just Victorian art
era 19th century style we can go in even
now but what do we have a nice classical
home oriental throw rug hmm maiden China
or the middle east / jet Persian rug we
have tea where did the t come from what
what culture gave us tea was that
growing in the you know when the British
Isles is that you know what did you see
King Arthur back then drinking tea you
know um
do what what about you know the the art
that you see in there the wallpaper um
and you know they're kind of having a
Buddha statue or Shiva and I can go on
and on and on and I think if you really
look just everyone so I'm going to get a
chance maybe even Google look at 19th
century Victorian like a home especially
of well-to-do it's very exotic that has
all of these other world pneus things
going on it has and and they saw that as
positive but then over time as they're
starting to dominate more and more
directly and become more and more into
conflict with this part of the world as
your textbooks points out there's going
to start being seen a negative view
about Confucianism Hinduism and just
their overall system as it mentions here
that the Chinese people previously
described in the West as white we're now
referred to as being non white or yellow
so this should make a surprise then we
also think about people in Dominican
Republic who are dark skin and think of
themselves as not being black because
they're lighter I mean color is a
relative thing in many ways but it's
interesting how that pans out and what's
also interesting is these racial
theories that are going to develop later
on um are going to affect the way that
these people especially elites we're
getting Western education think about
themselves Japanese that study Western
literature are going to be told that out
of Asia that the Japanese are a more
superior sophisticated type of asian and
so some of them are going to read that
and say what that racial theory works
for me right um I mean China dominated
us for centuries but actually we're
superior race okay I like this this is
kind of the stuff that's
going to end up happening okay um and
this is also why um I would argue in
part that at least my personal
experience that I that I know for
example one Haitian in particular who
has certain negative images about her
body type based on an idea about what it
means to be of African descent in a
country predominantly of people who are
of African descent okay and so um anyhow
I think this also change you know
explains a lot I mean think about this
ah Ronald Reagan was dedicating the
Columbia a space shuttle to the
resistance in Afghanistan against the
evil Soviets radical Islamists was was
seen somewhat in a positive light
comparatively speaking too many things
and look at the way it is discourse now
things change political circumstances
change with it so ok so moving on from
there the Haitian Revolution the
American Revolution you know we know a
lot about I hope so it's significant to
this I want to say it's debatable it's a
revolution I'll just say that it's a war
for independence but it didn't turn over
things in society like the French and
the Haitians did I'm I'm not demeaning
it I hope it's not seen as that um you
know hit me up if you really want to
have a question or a discussion about
that statement that i just made ok um
i'm going to show you i'm going to end
this section with a documentary a little
crash course on the Haitian Revolution
so I'm going to skip that for now and I
just want to talk about a little bit the
irish rebellion because remember i
talked about the fact that Celts were
faced first dramatic invasions that's
going to end up creating the british
isles if you been following my
documentaries
and listening I did talk about this and
um there's this long-standing
complication between the Celtic peoples
and the Germanic peoples are the English
and the British Isles the Scottish have
you know have their own issues to
resolve with that um you know there's
going to be I mean my last name is
it's a Scottish name it's a
lowland Scottish last name and the
founder of the clan apparently was an
anglo-norman without getting too
complicated a lot of the clans that came
into Scotland especially in the lowlands
were not originally from Scotland but
then integrated with the locals and
identified very much so strongly so as
Scottish and are so and I've been at
Scottish places where it's like you get
this look are you questioning you know
how Scottish somebody is right now you
know even my own self you know the no
but so so there's this kind of Irish
nationalism and Scottish nationalism
it's happened but there is this fact
that there's been this kind of um
attempt of the English to control that
island in many ways and um they brought
in Scottish and English nationals into
Ireland who then also eventually saw
themselves is Irish but then you had the
complications of the loyalty to the
Irish people especially the Catholic
side of things and that of to the United
Kingdom and that's still not fully
resolved but really the Irish are some
of the first litmus tests of experiments
for the British before they springboard
on to other people and then it's also
interesting that you know you take
andrew jackson who was scots-irish and
he's going to have braces views about
black african slaves and then you kind
of think about the legacy of the irish
faced in Ireland need i say more anyhow
um so I hope you read that the irish
rebellion is not something to hear about
a lot but it does explain still a lot of
things in the modern context and then of
course what's going on in latin america
i want to talk about more thoroughly i'm
going to have to leave it there but just
to say that the as i was mentioning
earlier latin american elites get tired
of having to answer to spanish elites in
the same way that ours did simone
believe are the very interesting legacy
very important in Venezuela Hugo Chavez
the controversial leader who's now dead
created the boulevard in revolution and
trying to fight off US influence in
Latin America this is modern times I'm
talking about and I think if you read
the section you look at the legacy of C
Mon Bolivar you will then kind of
understand why he would be conjured up
in context to Latin American resistance
to us dominance of the their region are
no specific countries and that's a whole
other topic as well now so I'm going to
end hit this section here I'm going to
end having you watch this crash course
on the Haitian Revolution and we'll then
move on to discussing more about the
Enlightenment there's any questions
about what I said force a lot of things
that are left out that I want to talk
about um please contact me I didn't do
justice the section what I'd like but in
any case I hope you found it informative
and thought-provoking especially as we
weave it in to and like a lightning
period
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