Why is there no Silicon Valley in Europe? - VisualPolitik EN
Summary
TLDRThis video explores why Europe has struggled to produce tech giants like Google and why its business environment lags behind the U.S. and China. It discusses Europe's reliance on older companies, its lack of innovation, and over-regulation. The video compares Europe's situation to Detroit's decline and highlights Silicon Valley’s success due to venture capital and university collaboration. With rising energy costs and a lack of competitiveness, the video questions if Europe can transform its industries, possibly through military innovation, or if it will continue to decline economically.
Takeaways
- 💡 Europe struggles with innovation and lacks major tech companies compared to the United States.
- 🏛 Many of Europe's largest companies, like Nestlé and Novartis, are much older, originating from the 19th or even 17th century.
- 🚗 Detroit serves as a cautionary tale for Europe, as its automotive industry collapsed due to lack of innovation and external competition.
- ⚡ The energy crisis in Europe is creating a significant risk for businesses, potentially leading to economic decline.
- 💻 Silicon Valley thrives because of its strong connection between universities, private companies, and venture capital.
- 🔧 Europe's universities are more focused on teaching rather than research, making innovation difficult.
- 📜 European Union regulations, especially around sectors like AI and pharmaceuticals, are highly restrictive and impede innovation.
- 🛡 Europe's fragmented military spending and reluctance to invest in defense technology further reduce its capacity for innovation.
- 🌍 Estonia is one of the few European countries to adopt a more Silicon Valley-like model but remains limited by its small size.
- 🚀 Increased military spending due to the Ukraine war presents a potential opportunity for Europe to boost innovation, but significant structural changes are still needed.
Q & A
Why is there no European equivalent of Google or other tech giants?
-Europe lacks the same conditions for innovation as the U.S., particularly in areas like venture capital, flexibility in business practices, and university-industry collaboration, which have fostered the growth of companies like Google in Silicon Valley.
What is the difference between the largest companies in Europe and the United States?
-Many of Europe's largest companies, like Nestle and Novartis, were founded centuries ago, whereas most of the U.S. tech giants are much younger, indicating the U.S.'s stronger capacity for fostering modern, innovative companies.
How has the energy crisis affected European companies?
-The energy crisis, with rising gas prices, has made it difficult for European companies to remain competitive, as they can no longer rely on the low-cost gas that used to be a major advantage for the region.
How does Detroit serve as a comparison for Europe’s potential future?
-Detroit, once a booming hub for the automobile industry, declined due to competition and failure to innovate. The video suggests that Europe could follow a similar path if it does not address its current lack of innovation and competitiveness.
What role did military spending play in the rise of Silicon Valley?
-During World War II, California received significant investment to support the U.S. military effort in the Pacific. This investment, combined with a highly educated workforce and entrepreneurial mindset, laid the groundwork for Silicon Valley’s later tech boom.
What are some of the key factors that contributed to Silicon Valley's success?
-Silicon Valley thrived due to factors like a strong university-industry collaboration, a flexible business environment, and ample venture capital, all of which supported rapid innovation and company growth.
How does Europe's regulatory environment affect innovation?
-Europe's heavy regulations, particularly in areas like artificial intelligence and pharmaceuticals, create barriers for innovation. This is in contrast to the more flexible regulatory environment in the U.S., which encourages rapid technological advancement.
Why is military spending important for fostering innovation?
-Military spending often involves investment in cutting-edge technologies, many of which later have civilian applications, like GPS and the internet. It can drive technological progress and innovation within industries.
What challenges do European universities face in contributing to military or private-sector innovation?
-Many European universities are restricted from participating in military research, and they generally focus more on teaching than on applied research. This limits their ability to contribute to innovation in industries tied to defense or technology.
What steps could Europe take to develop its own Silicon Valley?
-Europe could focus on increasing military spending, fostering university-industry collaboration, easing regulations in tech sectors, and creating special economic zones to attract innovation and venture capital, similar to what exists in Silicon Valley.
Outlines
🌍 Europe's Innovation Challenge
This paragraph introduces Europe's struggle with innovation, questioning why Europe lacks a major tech giant like Google. The focus is on the disparity between American and European companies, highlighting the U.S.'s ability to foster new tech companies post-1975, while Europe's leading firms are much older, like Nestlé and Novartis. The energy crisis exacerbates this problem, pushing companies out of Europe as the region becomes less competitive due to rising energy costs. The paragraph sets up the video’s main theme of Europe’s lag in innovation and the urgent need to address this issue.
💡 The Success of Silicon Valley vs. Detroit's Decline
This section contrasts the rise of Silicon Valley with the decline of Detroit. It explains how World War II boosted Silicon Valley's growth, with investments in military technology and the establishment of strong ties between universities and private enterprises. Entrepreneurs thrived due to venture capital, flexibility in hiring and firing, and collaboration with academic institutions. Detroit, on the other hand, relied on a mature, slow-moving automobile industry that couldn't keep pace with innovation, leading to its eventual decline due to competition from cheaper Japanese cars.
🚗 Detroit's Fall and Silicon Valley’s Rise
This paragraph delves deeper into the reasons for Detroit's collapse, driven by union problems, tax issues, regulatory hurdles, and competition from Japanese automakers like Toyota. Detroit’s lack of innovation led to factory closures, population decline, and economic devastation. In contrast, Silicon Valley’s entrepreneurial ecosystem, supported by venture capital and flexibility, allowed startups to thrive and scale rapidly. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of innovation and flexibility for economic survival and growth.
🏭 Europe's Innovation Deficit and Regulation Problems
Here, the focus shifts to Europe's struggle with innovation. Unlike the U.S., Europe spends less on defense and R&D, limiting technological advances, especially in the military sector. Universities in Europe are often restricted from participating in military projects, which hinders innovation. This paragraph also highlights Europe's over-regulation, which stifles creativity and limits investment in areas like artificial intelligence and pharmaceuticals, making Europe a leader in regulation rather than innovation.
🦄 The Unicorn Deficit in Europe
This section highlights Europe's lack of tech unicorns compared to the U.S. and China. Despite producing some successful companies like SAP, Europe has significantly fewer billion-dollar startups than the U.S., with Germany having only 26 unicorns compared to America's 487. Venture capitalists like Sequoia Capital avoid setting up offices in Europe, further illustrating the continent's inability to foster a thriving startup ecosystem. The small but innovative country of Estonia is mentioned as an outlier within Europe, but its limited size restricts its influence.
🔋 Energy Crisis: Europe’s Wake-Up Call
This paragraph focuses on how Europe’s reliance on cheap Russian gas allowed it to remain competitive despite other structural disadvantages. With the energy crisis triggered by the war in Ukraine, European companies now face higher costs, threatening their competitiveness. The European Union is starting to look for ways to regain its edge, considering the creation of a Silicon Valley-like ecosystem as a potential solution to the economic challenges posed by the energy crisis.
🚀 Military Spending: A Path to Innovation?
In this section, the potential for Europe to boost innovation through increased military spending is discussed. The war in Ukraine has led to a surge in military investment across Europe, which could spark technological advances. The paragraph explains how military R&D can drive broader innovation due to its focus on applied research, private sector involvement, and the ability to mass-produce technology. However, challenges remain in ensuring collaboration between European states and universities in defense projects.
🌐 Collaborating for Europe’s Tech Future
This final section explores the key changes needed for Europe to translate military spending into broader technological innovation. It emphasizes the importance of cross-border collaboration between European nations and the need for universities to work closely with private companies. Relaxing regulations and creating special economic zones, where taxes and rules are more favorable for tech innovation, is proposed as a way to create 'mini Silicon Valleys' across Europe. The video concludes by posing questions about Europe's future: Will it achieve its own Silicon Valley, or will it continue to struggle under regulatory and energy pressures?
Mindmap
Keywords
💡European Google
💡Innovation Gap
💡Silicon Valley
💡Venture Capital
💡Energy Crisis
💡Detroit
💡Military Innovation
💡Regulation
💡Unicorns
Highlights
Brilliant is a hands-on, problem-solving-based learning platform for STEM skills, with interactive courses that appeal to both students and professionals.
The United States dominates the global top five largest companies, showcasing its strong culture of innovation, while European companies tend to be much older and less focused on modern tech industries.
While Europe has produced innovative companies like SAP and Skype, the region lags significantly behind the United States in the development of young, tech-driven companies.
The current energy crisis, especially soaring electricity prices, is threatening European businesses, with many companies contemplating relocating outside the European Union to avoid high energy costs.
The automotive industry is crucial for European countries like Spain and Germany, accounting for a significant portion of their GDP, and facing disruption due to competition and economic challenges.
Silicon Valley's success was sparked by wartime investments during World War II, benefiting from its proximity to military industries and highly educated communities in California.
Professor Frederick Terman played a pivotal role in creating Silicon Valley by fostering close collaboration between universities and private companies to drive innovation.
Silicon Valley’s success lies in its ability to attract venture capital, creating an environment where startups can thrive, unlike Europe, which struggles to replicate this ecosystem.
Detroit, once a booming hub for the automotive industry, fell into decline due to lack of innovation, competition from Japanese manufacturers, and rising economic challenges, serving as a warning for Europe.
European universities are generally less research-oriented and have strict regulations against collaborating on military projects, stifling innovation that could benefit both military and civilian sectors.
Europe spends significantly less on defense than the U.S., and this lack of investment in military technology reduces opportunities for high-tech innovation.
The regulatory environment in the European Union is often seen as a hindrance to innovation, with rigid frameworks that make it difficult for new industries like artificial intelligence to thrive.
Estonia stands out as a European country with an innovation-friendly environment, with policies that promote digital infrastructure and tax benefits, although its small size limits its global impact.
The war in Ukraine has prompted the European Union to increase military spending, which could lead to greater investment in technological innovation similar to the development of Silicon Valley.
For Europe to create its own Silicon Valley, it needs more collaboration between states, reduced regulations, and stronger university-industry ties to foster innovation clusters.
Transcripts
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[Music]
here is the million dollar question in
Europe why is there no European Google
why does Europe seem to be an elephant's
graveyard when it comes to business
to give you an idea of the five largest
companies in the world four are American
and were launched after 1975. and Europe
however it is common for the largest
companies to have been started much
earlier some such as Nestle date back to
the 19th century and even the
pharmaceutical companies that created a
giant like Novartis were started in the
17th and 18th centuries no less
let's see credit where credit's due
these companies deserve a round of
applause for having managed to survive
in the market but it's significant that
no young European company is in this top
five well in the United States three of
the five largest companies are younger
than many of you watching this video
this indicates one thing the USA is way
ahead of Europe in terms of innovation
this does not mean that there are no
companies in Europe that have not been
Innovative sap which is a program used
by accountants in large companies or
Skype which we all know were conceived
in Germany and Estonia but they aren't
much when compared to the United States
until now this was one more debate among
many in Europe but now it is the most
important debate that will be have
raised in the coming years and that is
because of the energy crisis
[Music]
the current crisis is affecting all
citizens with stratopharynic electricity
bills but do you know who else is
affected by these price increases you
guessed a visual politic viewers the
companies many of which may flee from a
dying European Union that no longer
offers them low-cost gas the European
Union is no longer more competitive in
the United States or China in a few
years time we could be talking about the
Europe European Union as a continental
Detroit in fact as was the case in
Detroit the automotive industry is
extremely important throughout Europe
and not only in France and Germany in
Spain for example the automotive
industry accounted for almost eight
percent of the entire GDP in 2020. in
other words the comparison with Detroit
is no joke and if you're a loyal
follower to this channel you will
already know what it means to be Detroit
unemployment slums and crime so how can
this trend be changed how could Europe
move closer to the Silicon Valley model
could the war in Ukraine revive the
European union today we're going to
answer all these questions but before we
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history of two places
a visual politic had existed in the
1950s there would be two places we'd be
talking about non-stop Silicon Valley
and Detroit and you may be wondering
what do you mean Detroit well yes in the
1950s Detroit was mainly home to a large
automotable industry with a well-known
brand such as Ford and Chevrolet in fact
a lot of people started to move there
just as they said to Silicon Valley with
the population reaching almost 2 million
people meanwhile the other successful
sister city in the United States from
1950s onwards was and still is Silicon
Valley can you tell me where the initial
success of this value was to be found
well for those of you who don't know it
was no less than in the war
[Music]
you heard correctly during World War II
the United States was focused on
fighting Japan in the Pacific so
California started getting a lot of
investment and workers to open all kinds
of factories and businesses to supply
the military effort so you could say
that Silicon Valley was in the right
place at the right time Not only was it
located in California but it also had a
large university community in Palo Alto
and therefore highly qualified
professionals and as War not only
demanded Commodities but also
technologies that were very Advanced for
the time suddenly this place started to
take off for example many many companies
began to develop new semiconductors for
bombs here and so what would later
become known as Silicon Valley became a
key player during the war
but that seed soon sprouted because
Silicon Valley was a particularly
fertile ground for companies and one of
those responsible for this
entrepreneurial fertility was the man
you see on the screen right now
we are talking about Professor Frederick
terman the father of the connection
between universities and private
Enterprise Thurman understood that
universities produced knowledge but that
is the entrepreneurs who convert this
development into Innovation that is into
products that are useful to society with
this idea in mind he worked tirelessly
to open the university companies and
strengthen ties with them in line with
his vision companies would finance and
promote the University's research
projects which would give the university
many more resources and a guide of where
to go on the other hand collaboration
with the university would allow
companies to grow faster and therefore
eventually have more resources and so
the cycle continued however in order to
get the whole process started we are
still missing a key factor something
that entrepreneurs desperately need
so the million dollar question is what
could it be that these entrepreneurs
needed funding and that's where this
other gentleman you see on the screen
stepped in Lawrence Rockefeller the
creator of silicon Valley's first
Venture Capital fund van Rock Associated
the rest is history
[Music]
to put out another way silicon Valley's
success is not due to the fact that it
has many entrepreneurs there are
entrepreneurs everywhere the difference
is that in Silicon Valley the conditions
are right for a company to start from
scratch and end up listed on Wall Street
within just a few years this is the
story of Google Facebook apple and so
many other companies that have changed
our lives but the question is what does
Silicon Valley have that does not exist
in Europe flexibility comes first what
happens if you want to work for two
competing companies at the same time no
problem however if you want to fire
someone who is not being profitable and
hire someone else go ahead but that's
not all there are two additional key
factors in Silicon Valley University
industry collaboration and venture
capital on the other hand we have
Detroit
Detroit is the capital of the automobile
a very mature industry where there was
hardly any disruptive innovation better
cars can be made but there are still
cars so companies like Ford Chevrolet
and General Motors which were stocked at
the beginning of the 20th century
continued to do what they knew how to do
cars and it didn't take long for them to
encounter a fierce competitor offering
cheaper but just as good cars Japanese
companies companies like Toyota began to
dominate the U.S car market
thank you
what's more Detroit was left behind a
host of Union tax and Regulatory
problems of all kinds along with
ever-increasing crime rates and a
growing competition from new Asian
Brands caused American companies to
begin closing their factories in the
city because plain and simple they were
no longer competitive in fact the
debacle was of such intensity that the
city once home to nearly 2 million
people now struggles to maintain Amiga
670 000 inhabitants
as you can see both Silicon Valley and
Detroit started out booming like no
other territory but only one has managed
to survive and the key has been what
we've already mentioned innovation
[Music]
well in a way we could say the European
union today faces a very similar threat
over the years regulations of attacks
and labor policies have eroded the
competitiveness of established
businesses and now the energy crisis
threatens to be something of a final
straw this is a problem above all
because in Europe basically and
simplistically you could say that almost
nothing new is being produced
[Music]
so it is fair to ask is Europe heading
the same way as Detroit
Old Europe
[Music]
pay close attention to the following
graph as you can see Europe not only
spends much less on defense of the
United States but also the spending is
highly fragmented by country and almost
all of it goes to salaries and current
expenses in other words there is little
left to invest in r d and the
development of new military programs so
let's say that Europe does not have one
of the drivers of innovation that the
United States does and here we have to
keep one thing in mind whether you are
for or against military investment
unlike other types of public spending it
is mostly an investment in highly
Applied Technologies and that shows
but not only that even if all European
militaries were to agree to develop a
joint weapon for example a new missile
system they would encounter a huge
problem most European universities are
forbidden to collaborate on Military
projects just as you heard and the
internal regulations of many
universities is forbidden to do research
for military matters nor can it be said
that they are willing to collaborate
with private companies easily and this
is a problem remember that most military
Innovation ends up having civilian
applications take the example of GPS or
the internet itself
and of course we're not only talking
about military spending add to this the
fact that European universities are more
orientated towards teaching than
research we have talked about this on
previous visual politic videos
universities in the United States are
extremely expensive however that has an
advantage they generate results so
Europe does not have this other driver
of American innovation either to make
matters worse the European Union is a
regulation machine practically its main
job is to regulate everything that can
be regulated which makes Innovation very
difficult for example it's already
working on regulating artificial
intelligence to companies that want to
start researching will have to face a
lot of obstacles and requirements of all
kinds then drugs are another good
example regulations are so intense that
it can take decades for companies to
bring out new medicines barely any
investment in military technology
universities reluctant to collaborate
and with a lot of Regulation let's say
that we could summarize the general
feeling in this sentence
we cannot be leaders in Innovation let's
be leaders in regulation statement of an
anonymous MEP to visual politic Union
regulations may actually repel
investment in its innovation of course
there are always exceptions
[Music]
in Europe for example companies such as
sep the business management software
giant have been born if you work in a
large company you will surely be
familiar with it but it is curious that
one of the largest Venture Capital funds
Sequoia Capital does not even have
offices in the European Union they are
present in the United States the UK
India and China but they haven't even
bothered to open offices in any uu
capital and that illustrates why Europe
today has hardly any unicorns unicorns
are startups that are worth at least one
billion dollars and I'm sure you can
guess where most of them come wrong
that's right the United States the
country that has produced the most
unicorns are whopping 487 this is
followed by China with 301 and we have
to go to the fifth place of countries
with the most unicorns to find a country
within the European Union Germany with
26 unicorns
foreign
isn't there any country in the European
Union that resembles Silicon Valley well
perhaps the most similar case is Estonia
here on visualpolitik we have several
videos where we explain in depth the
Estonian model it's a country that is
sought to move away from almost all of
the policies that Prevail in Europe for
example it's created a very attractive
tax framework for companies has
developed its digital infrastructure
Beyond any other and it's fought hard to
limit regulations or at least make
compliance with them easier so what's
the problem it's an extremely small
country with only a little over 1
million inhabitants so obviously its
influence is very limited
so has Europe been resting on its
Laurels not interested in getting a
Silicon Valley of its own well visual
party viewers that didn't seem to matter
to the European Union until not so long
ago
[Music]
as long as Russian gas flowed smoothly
to the European Union and particularly
to Germany companies would remain
competitive and the territory attractive
for investment precisely because of its
low energy prices let's just say that
cheap energy was making up for all the
other factors however gas prices have
skyrocketed and now most of the gas is
liquefied and does not come from Russia
which means paying much more for that
energy source and so now the risk of
companies leaving has multiplied
visual politics communicate the European
Union is starting to look for a way to
become competitive again with the United
States and China the question is how
will it do it will it try to create its
own Silicon Valley is this option really
possible well pay attention because the
European Union has a golden opportunity
a new beginning
do you know how many European unicorns
are in the top ten you guessed it indeed
in the list of the top 10 unicorns is
dominated to no one's Surprise by China
and the United States
despite this absence it cannot be said
that the European Union has not tried
since 2008 several programs have been
launched to finance r d and boost
Innovation and of course many of the r d
projects paid for with European funds
are interesting however most of them
usually remain a nice academic paper
they never materialize into products
that make a difference and that can be
bought and sold on the market among
other things because public programs
tend to be very rigid very bureaucratic
and almost never focused on the market
itself the fact that civil servant or a
bureaucrat is responsible for selecting
the projects to be financed does not
seem to be a Cutting Edge strategy in
fact one of the most successful
countries in recent decades has been
Ezreal what they did was take these
bureaucrats out of the formula they made
Public Funding complement private
funding and therefore it was the latter
that was in charge of selecting the
projects that then had to be put their
own money in tune
however stay tuned because this
situation in Europe could change for one
simple reason the war in Ukraine
after Putin cited to invade Ukraine EU
States reacted with increased military
spending we found news like this Germany
reverses defense policy with historic
military investment increase in response
to Putin's War suddenly All European
states are going to double their
military spending it seems this new
military spending is going to go through
three phases in the European Union the
initial one of fine-tuning all the
military assets in place no more
broomsticks yikes Germany's army is so
under equipped that it used broomsticks
instead of machine guns a second phase
would be the renewal of outdated
equipment in other words buying f-35s
from the US as if there was no tomorrow
and finally a third phase of development
of their own Armament this is very
important because in this aspect the
development of new technologies is
fundamental in fact this could be the
seed that Europe needs for a Silicon
Valley to Blossom
[Music]
it has taken Europe to enter into a
crisis and unite against an enemy for
its high representative Joseph Burrell
to be heated either we invest heavily in
defense Innovation or we will become
defensively irrelevant Joseph Borrell EU
High representative for foreign policy
the problem Europe has 27 different
armies and it takes huge sums of money
to create a fighter jet or tank that
compete with those of the US there are
several European Union programs to
facilitate r d between organizations in
different countries but the results have
been rather modest what could be the
solution joint projects between two
three or more countries this was the
formula with Switzer's relatively
successful projects were created such as
the Euro Fighter or the eurodrone even
companies like Airbus which has a very
significant military division emerged
with the collaboration of several States
in this case we could see several
European nations coming together to make
a public competition to design a new
fighter jet or a new cyber security
system being several States they can
invest much more money
well the fact is that this new flood of
money into military research could end
up supporting as it did in Santa Clara
the emergence of new high-tech clusters
in this sense military research has
several advantages over other types of
public spending firstly the development
of Applied research is sought in other
words money is spent with a clear
intention of creating new products and
Technologies to be used for specific
products and services secondly military
research relies on private companies and
is closely linked to Industrial
processes and thirdly the ability to
export this technology is usually taken
into account this is because the
military-industrial process is very
Capital intensive and for a new
development to be profitable it usually
needs to be mass produced well these
three major advantages mean that
military spending tends to be relatively
efficient at least more so than other
types of spending when it comes to
boosting a technology industry of course
it is not enough on its own more is
needed
but what needs to change in Europe for
all this money to be translated into
Innovative companies
[Music]
mainly two elements are needed firstly
it is important the states are willing
to cooperate in defense and that is not
easy let's give an example imagine that
Spain France and Italy got together to
develop an artificial intelligence
project where will the factory be set up
which university will do most of the
research would France really be willing
to pay to finance a project that will
create jobs in another country these
kinds of discussions can delay projects
for years and they end up generating all
sorts of cost overruns secondly it is
essential for universities to be able to
participate in defense projects European
universities have to get used to working
with private companies
[Music]
and thirdly Europe needs to relax many
of the regulations that currently hinder
this type of Activity one idea could
figure eight a special economic zone
following the model proposed by Liz
truss in the United Kingdom economic
zones where urban planning rules
business rules or taxes are relaxed or
better adapted to the reality of this
industry this could make it possible to
turn the military race into a new
silicon valleys throughout Europe
now the questions though are over to you
will Europe see a Silicon Valley or will
Europe's declarations just fine words
will this compensate for the loss of
competitiveness due to higher energy
prices will the European Union manage to
avoid having several many silicon
valleys or will it end up becoming a
gigantic act Detroit instead you can
leave me your answers in the comments
below as always don't forget that here
on visualpolitik we release new videos
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and hit the little bell button down
there so you don't miss any of our
updates if you like this video like it
so we know all the best and I'll see you
next time
[Music]
foreign
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