The French and Indian War
Summary
TLDRThis video delves into the French and Indian War, a pivotal conflict in North American history that shaped the future of the continent. It explores the origins of the war, rooted in territorial disputes between the British and French over the Ohio Country, and highlights key figures like George Washington. The video recounts significant battles, the impact of the war on colonial relations with Britain, and its role as a precursor to the American Revolution. It also touches on the global context of the Seven Years' War and the Treaty of Paris, which ended the conflict and transferred New France to Britain.
Takeaways
- 😀 George Washington was a key figure in early American history, serving as a Founding Father, the first President of the United States, and a military leader during the American Revolution.
- 🏰 The French and Indian War, fought in North America, was a significant precursor to the Seven Years' War, a global conflict involving major European powers.
- 🌍 The war was partly driven by disputes over control of the Ohio Country, a region that was rich in resources and strategically important for both the French and British.
- ✍️ Washington's early military career was marked by controversy, including an incident where he signed a document admitting to the death of a French official under disputed circumstances.
- 🔍 The script explores the complex web of alliances, territorial claims, and colonial ambitions that set the stage for conflict between the French and British in North America.
- 🛡️ Military tactics played a crucial role in the conflict, with traditional European strategies clashing with the guerrilla tactics employed by the French and their Native American allies.
- 🏟️ The script describes key battles and sieges, such as the sieges of Forts Necessity, Duquesne, and Quebec, which were pivotal in determining the outcome of the war.
- 🏛️ The Treaty of Paris in 1763 marked the end of the French and Indian War, with France ceding its North American territories to Britain, a decision that had profound implications for the future of the colonies.
- 🗣️ The war's impact on colonial relations with Britain was significant, sowing the seeds of discontent that would later blossom into the American Revolution.
- 🔄 The script highlights the roles of various historical figures, including Benjamin Franklin and William Pitt, who influenced the course of the war and the development of the United States.
Q & A
Who was George Washington before becoming the first President of the United States?
-Before becoming the first President, George Washington was a Founding Father, the commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution, and a military officer involved in the French and Indian War.
What was the significance of Ohio County during the French and Indian War?
-Ohio County was a valuable trade route for the French and a strategic location for the British to access lands west of the original 13 colonies. Both sides felt they had a legitimate claim to the area, which led to tensions and conflicts.
What was the role of George Washington in the early stages of the French and Indian War?
-George Washington was sent by Virginia's lieutenant governor to deliver a message to the French to leave the area and stop harassing English settlers. Later, he was involved in the construction of Fort Necessity and led troops in battles against French forces.
Why was the document signed by George Washington considered a confession to the assassination of a French official?
-The document, which Washington signed under the belief that it was a surrender term, included a line taking responsibility for the death of French officer Joseph Coulon de Jumonville, who was killed in a battle. The French insisted that Jumonville was attempting to negotiate peace, not attack the fort.
How did the French and Indian War set the stage for the American Revolution?
-The French and Indian War led to Britain's increased taxation on the colonies to recoup wartime expenses, which in turn led to resentment among the colonists. This resentment, along with a lack of representation, eventually contributed to the calls for independence and the American Revolution.
What was the Albany Plan of Union and why was it significant?
-The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal by Benjamin Franklin for a unified government for the 13 colonies to better coordinate defense against the French. It was significant as it was an early attempt at colonial unity, which would later be a key factor in the American Revolution.
Who were some of the key military figures on the British side during the French and Indian War?
-Key British military figures included General Edward Braddock, who led the initial forces into the Ohio country, and later, General Jeffrey Amherst, who played a crucial role in the British victories towards the end of the war.
What was the outcome of the Battle of the Monongahela for George Washington?
-In the Battle of the Monongahela, George Washington, who was then a colonial officer, witnessed the death of General Braddock and the defeat of British forces. Washington managed a tactical retreat and was recognized for his bravery, earning him the title 'hero of the Monongahela'.
How did the Treaty of Paris in 1763 affect the territorial claims of France and Britain in North America?
-The Treaty of Paris in 1763 resulted in France ceding all its territories in North America to Britain, with the exception of New Orleans, which was given to Spain. This significantly reduced French influence in the New World.
What was the role of Native American tribes in the French and Indian War?
-Native American tribes played a significant role as allies to both the French and British, often fighting alongside them. Their knowledge of the terrain and warfare tactics were crucial in many engagements during the war.
Outlines
🏰 George Washington's Early Military Career and the Prelude to the French and Indian War
The paragraph delves into the multifaceted roles of George Washington, highlighting his significance as a Founding Father, the first President of the United States, and his military leadership during the American Revolution. It intriguingly suggests a lesser-known narrative where Washington is implicated in the start of a multi-continental war over Ohio. The discussion pivots to his early military experiences, particularly his command during a battle that resulted in the death of a French official under contentious circumstances. This event, shrouded in controversy, is detailed through Washington's own admission documented in a signed confession, despite claims of being misinformed about its content. The paragraph sets the stage for the French and Indian War, emphasizing the geopolitical tensions between the British and French over territorial claims in the Americas, with a specific focus on Ohio County's strategic importance for both empires.
🛡 The Escalation of Conflicts and the Initial Engagements of the French and Indian War
This section narrates the escalating tensions between the French and British in North America, leading to the outbreak of the French and Indian War. It describes the French efforts to assert control over the Ohio River Valley, prompting a response from the British. The narrative focuses on the actions of Captain Pierre Joseph Celeron and the subsequent British retaliation led by a young George Washington. Washington's mission to deliver an ultimatum to the French and the events leading to the construction of Fort Necessity are detailed. The paragraph culminates in the engagement between Washington's forces and a French detachment, resulting in a French officer's death and setting the stage for further military confrontations.
⚔️ The French and Indian War Intensifies: Fort Necessity and its Aftermath
The paragraph describes the events following the skirmish between Washington's forces and the French, leading to the Battle of Fort Necessity. It details the construction of the fort by Washington and the subsequent French retaliation led by Captain L Kon. The account of the battle, the conditions of Washington's surrender, and the controversial document he signed admitting to the assassination of a French official are highlighted. The narrative explores the immediate aftermath, including Washington's return and the differing perceptions of him in Britain and France. It also touches on the broader geopolitical implications, with the French using Washington's confession to garner support for the war and the British beginning to recognize the inevitability of conflict with France.
🏞️ The Albany Plan and the Expanding Conflict in North America
This section discusses the Albany Plan of Union, proposed by Benjamin Franklin as a solution to the growing military threat from the French. It outlines the plan's aim to create a unified government for the British colonies in North America with the power to raise a continental army and taxes. The paragraph also covers the initial British military campaigns in North America, including the failed efforts to secure the Ohio country and the death of General Edward Braddock. It highlights the impact of these events on colonial attitudes towards unity and the need for a collective defense against the French.
🛳️ Naval Battles and the Shifting Tides of the French and Indian War
The paragraph details the British naval strategy during the French and Indian War, focusing on the failed attempt to attack Louisbourg and the subsequent victories that began to turn the tide in Britain's favor. It discusses the impact of political and military leadership changes in Britain, including the appointment of William Pitt, and the effects of French financial crises on their war efforts. The narrative covers key battles and sieges, such as the capture of Fort Frontenac and Fort Duquesne, which were pivotal in securing the Ohio country for the British. The paragraph concludes with the eventual British victory at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham and the fall of Quebec, leading to the end of the war in North America.
🏹 The End of the French and Indian War and its Long-term Consequences
This section summarizes the final stages of the French and Indian War, leading to the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which resulted in France ceding its North American territories to Britain. It discusses the war's impact on the relationship between the British government and its colonies, sowing the seeds of discontent that would later lead to the American Revolution. The paragraph highlights how the war's outcome and the subsequent British policies, particularly regarding taxation, contributed to the growing sense of resentment among the colonists and the eventual push for independence.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Founding Father
💡Continental Army
💡American Revolution
💡Seven Years' War
💡French and Indian War
💡Ohio Country
💡George Washington
💡Fort Necessity
💡Treaty of Paris (1763)
💡Benjamin Franklin
💡Albany Plan of Union
Highlights
George Washington's early military involvement in the French and Indian War played a pivotal role in shaping his future leadership.
The French and Indian War was a global conflict that began with a dispute over control of Ohio.
Washington's controversial actions during the war, including the death of a surrendering French official, had lasting political repercussions.
Washington's confession to the death of French officer Jumonville was signed under disputed circumstances, suggesting possible deception by his translator.
The French and Indian War is considered a precursor to the Seven Years' War, involving major European powers and altering global alliances.
The war highlighted the strategic importance of North America, particularly the Ohio River Valley, for both French and British colonial ambitions.
Washington's military tactics and leadership during the construction and defense of Fort Necessity demonstrated his early military prowess.
The conflict led to the rise and fall of military figures, including generals who resigned in disgrace due to failed campaigns.
The war resulted in significant territorial changes, with thousands of miles of land exchanging hands between European powers.
The French and Indian War set the stage for the founding of the United States and the emergence of its early leaders.
The Albany Plan of Union, proposed by Benjamin Franklin, was a significant political outcome of the war, although it was not immediately adopted.
The war exposed the limitations of British military strategy, particularly in adapting to guerrilla warfare tactics employed by the French and Native Americans.
The conflict had a profound impact on the relationships between Native American tribes, French, and British forces, influencing future alliances and conflicts.
The war's outcome led to a shift in the balance of power in North America, with Britain emerging as the dominant colonial power.
The Treaty of Paris in 1763 marked the end of the French and Indian War and had lasting effects on colonial relations and the path to American independence.
The war's financial burden on Britain contributed to the imposition of taxes on its American colonies, sowing the seeds of the American Revolution.
Transcripts
George Washington was many things a
Founding Father the first United States
President the commander of the
Continental Army during the American
Revolution and a British assassin
responsible for starting a
multi-continental war over control of
Ohio that might sound like the tagline
of a Cheesy alternate history novels
that you shove aside in search of
something more believable but depending
on who you ask it may actually have the
tiniest bit of truth to it Washington
wasn't an assassin in the traditional
sense but in his youth he was the
commanding officer during a battle where
a surrendering French official was
killed through what many at the time
considered to be dishonorable means if
you think that this is simply too
unbelievable to be true you should know
that Washington actually signed a
document himself admitting to it this
confession was not written directly by
his hands nor was it in a language that
he could read but he still signed it and
that had major consequences until his
dying day Washington maintains that his
translation at the time had lied to him
and as a result he was not aware of what
he was signing but whether or not that
part is true doesn't change the fact
that that little piece of paper would go
on to play a significant role in world
politics in fact some historians credit
for being one of the main justifications
of a war that would not only change
lines on a map but also bring the
largest European powers to one another's
throats once again alliances would be
forged and broken generals would rise
and resign in disgrace countries would
see thousands of miles of territory
exchange hands and if all of that wasn't
enough it would also set the stage for
the founding of the United States and
introduce some of its most well known
names as a whole this global conflict
would come to be known as the Seven
Years War but it is the battles that
were fought in North America that we're
going to be focusing on in today's video
a conflict that is known as the French
and Indian War and yes I did say that
this all started overate disagreement
involving
Ohio today the United Kingdom and France
are as Allied as any two separate
countries can be and war between them
seems almost unimaginable however there
was a time not so long ago when the two
were the bitterest of enemies for
centuries War had been waged over
everything from territorial disputes to
religious Doctrine and even in times of
relative peace small skirmishes were
more than common at this point in
history when colonialism was quickly
becoming as popular as powdered wigs and
tea the two were once again beginning to
buttheads this time it was over their
new prized possession the Americas by
then both countries had settled in the
new worlds and had spent over a century
attend in to secure as much land for
themselves as possible the French
controlled parts of modern day Canada
primarily New Brunswick and Ne Scotia as
well as parts of Louisiana Mississippi
and Alabama the British on the other
hand had their prized 13 colonies along
the United States's Eastern Seaboard all
the areas in between these two Colonial
powerhouses were controlled by numerous
Native American tribes scouted
throughout although for the Colonials
these lands might as well have been
uninhabited as the American presence was
often seen as just a minor side note for
their future plans one of those hotly
contested in between lands was what is
now modern day Ohio centuries before it
would be known for the Rock and Roll
Hall of Fame and boring Suburban
afternoons Ohio was known as Ohio County
and it consisted of the entirety of
modern day Ohio as well as parts of
Indiana Pennsylvania and West Virginia
for the French this area was a valuable
trade route that connected their
colonies in modernday Canada to the ones
in and around Louisiana and for the
British it was seen as the best route to
access any and all lands west of the
original 13 colonies to complicate
things both sides felt that they had a
legitimate claim to the area and in the
mid 1750s they were beginning to press
those claims French colonies based
theirs on the explorations of Rene Rober
cavaler sir de Lal who had traveled up
the Mississippi claiming all of the
lands that surrounded as well as any of
its tributaries for those of you
unfamiliar with the size and location of
the Mississippi River it is the 13th
largest river in the world and stretches
2,340 mi from the Gulf of Mexico All the
Way North to the Great Lakes the river
touches 13 of the 50 modern American
States and its tributaries cross 32 of
them while this may seem to be quite a
silly Claim by the French the British
were certainly no less ambitious in the
early 17th century an English Royal
Charter based off the explorations of J
cabit it granted all lands in between
the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans as
well as north of Spanish controlled
Florida to their own colonies this claim
would have given control of roughly 85%
of the modern United States to Britain
after these obviously conflicting claims
were formalized became only a matter of
time before the two would once again
have to settle the disput the only way
they knew how with
[Music]
war the first real sign of the problems
to come was when the governor general of
New France Marque Deen dispatched
Captain Pierre Joseph Celeron Blain to
an area south of the Great Lakes Tan's
orders were to rid the area of British
settlers and Traders when the captain
arrived he demanded that they lower
their flags and leave the area but when
they did not immediately comply he began
taking much harsher actions against them
in 1752 the captain marched his forces
into the British Trading Post located in
Pani and destroyed it the French
soldiers then proceeded to capture or
kill any English-speaking traders that
they could find anywhere along the Ohio
river in response to this obvious
escalation Virginia's lieutenant
governor Robert dwy began searching for
a representative he could travel the
distance into Pennsylvania and order the
French out of the area the man he chose
was none other than the 21-year-old 6'2
major George Washington Washington was
the obvious choice as Not only was he a
military man from a well-connected and
influential family but he had also spent
a considerable amount of time working as
a land surveyor in the Ohio River Valley
years earlier in order to encourage
settlement of the Oho country the high
company was founded and granted over
200,000 acres of land between the kanir
and the monila rivers Washington's
family as well as the families of
Governor D witty and several of the
prominent Virginians were shareholders
in the Ohio company and had a
significant financial interest in
securing the lands on which the French
were now encroaching Washington was
ordered to deliver a simple message to
the French leave the area and stop
harassing the English settlers so in
1753 Washington along with his friends
Jacob van Bram and a French translator
employed by the Ohio company Christopher
gist set out to speak with Captain
legado desier two months later in
December they arrived and delivered the
message but it was Ill received
thankfully for the future United States
President the captain did not feel the
need to shoot the messenger and
Washington was permitted to leave with a
reply for his Governor it stated that
France's claim was incontestable and far
superior Washington delivered the
message to Governor Den witty who was
disappointed although probably not
exactly surprised by the Frenchman's
response unwilling to back down dwy
ordered the construction of a fort where
the alagen and the Mona Halo Rivers
converged this would be modern day
Pittsburgh on March the 15th of the
following year he dispatched Washington
and won 160 men under the control of
Colonel Joshua fry to re Force the
troops who had already begun building
the fort however before fry and his men
could arrive or the fort could be
completed French troops overwhelmed and
occupied the land on which it stood they
took the fort completed it and renamed
it Fort duen as Colonel fry landed on
his neck after being thrown from the
back of his horse he died shortly after
from injury and the young inexperienced
George Washington suddenly found himself
thrust into a position of leadership
when he learns of the French's newly
completed Fort Washington moved his men
for 40 m South to an area known as the
Great Meadows and ordered the
construction of his own fort which he
cheekily called Fort Necessity it was a
small hastily erected structure that was
barely more than a one room Shack
surrounded by a log Palisade but
Washington felt it would be sufficient
for simple defensive purposes until
reinforcements could arrive from
Virginia it was at this time while
Washington and his men were anxiously
awaiting those reinforcements that a
Native American leader known to the
British as half King whose real name was
tanak Harrison approached Washington and
warned him that 35 French troops were
moving South toward Fort Necessity
Tanner Harrison urged Washington
desperately to strike first and offered
the support of his small group of men if
you were to agree after much
deliberation Washington did and he along
with 40 of his men and a dozen of Tanner
Harrison's men began traveling north to
intercept the French troops on the
morning of May the 28th 1754 the two
groups made contact now what exactly
happened next was and still is heavily
disputed both sides met on a small and
claimed that the other fired the first
shot Washington insisted that the French
spotted them as they were approaching an
open fire while the French maintains
that Washington's men ambushed them in
the early hours of the morning
regardless of which side is to be
believed the British were easily able to
overpower the smaller French force and
in the end 10 French soldiers were
killed with the rest being captured
Joseph Kul deil was the leader of the
French party and among the captured
Washington honorably extended to him the
customary courtesies that were afforded
to Military Officers at the time and
began trying to speak with jonville with
the aid of a translator suddenly without
warning Tanner Harrison approached jimil
from behind and buried his Tomahawk deep
into the unsuspecting man's head his
exact reasons for doing this like so
many other things involved in this short
altercation were never made clear it's
believed that the French had captured
him as a child and sold him into slavery
but Tanner Harrison also claims that the
French had boiled his father alive and
eaten him that last part in particular
does sound a bit hard to believe but
knowing how terrible conditions can be
for those living under the occupation of
another Nation it certainly also just
not outside the realm of possibility
Washington parted ways with Tanner
Harrison and returned back to Fort
Necessity where he continued to wait for
reinforcements as well as retaliation
from the French and both would arrive
very shortly back at foren Captain L Kon
half brother of the Slaine jumonville
learns of the group's defeat and vow to
exact revenge for his Fallen brother the
fort's new Commander Claude Pierre
picardi de Contra ordered kulon Viller
to attack Fort Necessity with a force of
600 men they left and along the way
gathered another 100 Native Americans to
aing the assault while all of this was
being put into motion Washington
received his reinforcements from
Virginia and North Carolina but still
only had around 400 men in total on the
3rd of July Kier arrived outside for
necessity and Washington ordered his men
to find cover fighting in and he quickly
found himself unable to land many blows
against the French who fired upon his
men from the nearby Tree Line finally
after heavy fighting and watching his
men fall in number all around him
Washington ordered his remaining men to
take shelter within the fort itself as
they quickly crammed into this small
rickety structure the French continued
to fire upon the fort without entering
heavy Reigns set in and soiled the
fort's gunpowder reserves and soaked the
men to the Bone despite Washington's
orders not to they broke into the
alcohol reserves and began drinking as
they awaited their deaths all seemed to
be lost for the young leader until all
at once the firing stopped and a voice
called out to them asking for a baray
Washington who saw a few other options
agreed and sent men to speak with the
French Commander they quickly returned
with a letter detailing the terms of
surrender Washington and his men would
be allowed to leave with their military
honor intact and flying the British flag
so long as he agreed to peacefully
surrender and vacate Port necessity now
remember when I said at the beginning of
this video that Washington would sign a
document admitting to the assassination
of a French official well this is that
document buried deep within the terms of
surrender was a single line that took
responsibility for the slaying of
Ambassador jumal Ville who the French
insisted was not on his way to attack
the fort but instead negotiate peace
after this Revelation Washington later
believed that he may have been deceived
by his once's ally the half King who was
attempting to escalate tensions between
the British and the French for his own
trib's benefit no knows for sure the
truth is just lost to history Washington
and his troops are return home expecting
the worst but to their surprise
Washington was not blamed for the defeat
Governor din witty instead blamed it on
the lack of troops and poor support from
other forces he believed that the young
major had done everything in his power
but was simply overwhelmed by the
French's numbers in his journal
Washington wrote a detailed account of
the events that had transpired which was
soon published in both Virginia and
London eventually it was reprinted in
newspaper papers all across Britain and
America earning him a positive
reputation and garnering him praise for
bravery while in the face of certain
defeat however Washington was not
satisfied with his performance he
resigned from his position shortly after
in France Washington was becoming famous
for a different reason they believed him
to be a dishonorable failure and used
his signed confession to drum up support
for a war that may have already begun
without anyone even realizing it
around this time French regulars and
their Native American Allies had begun
pushing into British territory and many
colonists could already see the writing
on the wall war with France was
inevitable seeing as it would take quite
some time for reinforcements to arrive
from overseas many believed that
something needed to be done locally
within the colonies to prevent This
Disaster it was because of this need
that representatives from seven of the
13 original colonies met at Albany to
discuss what would later be known as the
Albany Plan of Union the man who forms
this plan was yet another familiar name
in American history Benjamin Franklin
Franklin knew that if the colonies did
not stand together they would most
likely be crushed by the more united
French forces to stress this he created
the famous Join or Die illustration in
it Franklin depicted a snake having been
cut into eight pieces with each piece
labeled with the initials of one of the
British colonies or regions Franklin's
solution was to EST establish a unified
government for the 13 colonies that
would have the power to organize and
coordinate a United continental army
that would be paid for buy taxes
collected from Colonial citizens it was
sensible but as history tells us time
and time again people are often not the
proposal was met with mixed reactions
was ultimately rejected the colonies
were simply not ready to unify they had
no real military alliances no sense of
shared identity and very few of their
goals aligned but the largest issue was
that most Representatives did not like
the idea of taxes being collected from a
centralized colonial government if
anyone in Britain had been paying
attention they might have realized that
Americans really don't like paying taxes
and it might have saved them a few
headaches a bit down the
line finally after almost a full year of
waiting British forces arrived on the
coast of North America under the
commands of General Edward bradock
bradock had been sent with two regiments
to lead a Virginia Force to secure the
Ohio country his plan was to March
roughly 100 miles across the alagan
mountains to launch an attack against
the same French Fort that Washington had
failed to capture a year earlier Fort D
Ken in conjunction with this
Massachusetts governor William Shelly
was ordered to oversee the fortification
of British Fort Oso before attacking the
French fort for Niagara similar attacks
were plans on Fort Frederick by Sir
William Johnson and Fort BOS Shaw by
Lieutenant Colonel Robert monton General
bradock himself was well respected and a
very traditional fighter he believed
strongly in the idea of honorable
Warfare and AD heed strictly to the
rules of combat in his opinion wars were
better fought out in the open and in
straight line a tactic that worked well
in the open ples on which European
battles were often fought many of his
advisers including our good old buddy
George Washington who had volunteered to
be Brad's assistant during the journey
tried to warn the general that the
Native Americans had been teaching their
style of gorilla Warfare to the French
and that he should expect them to use it
bradoock refused to listen as he didn't
believe that the French would be willing
to stoop to such a level on May the 29th
1755 breant his force of approximately
2,200 troops set out from Fort
Cumberland and on July the 9th after
over a month of rough travel they
arrived within 10 miles of their target
as they approached Lieutenant Colonel
Thomas Gage spotted the French in the
trees and ordered his men to open fire
their opening blees succeeded in killing
French Captain Bou but that would be one
of the few British accomplishments that
day just as Washington had predicted the
Native Americans had been lying in
weight and had surrounded them around
900 French troops and Indian fighters
leapt from the bushes and pivoted out
from behind trees to launch arrows and
fire bullets at Brock's neatly organized
line of troops even after seeing this
bradic refused to allow his men to break
formation but the Virginians who were
not trained to stand their ground under
far the way the British regulars were
fled into the woods and attempted to
take cover many of them were mistaken
for enemy Fighters and killed by their
own men within a single hour of fighting
General bradock had been shot and
Washington once again found himself
leading a group of men to assault Fort
to Ken but as the battle raged on he
realized that his men were completely
beaten and he began organizing a
tactical Retreat this was a crushing
defeat over 500 British men had been
killed and hundreds more had been C
captured the French casualties were a
fraction of that as they retreated back
through the mountains the Red Coats were
constantly harassed by Native Americans
who followed closely behind raiding and
looting the soldiers the entire way for
his bravery Washington was dubbed the
hero of the monaha however this was of
little consolation as Brad's Army whom
the Colonials had been waiting for for
so long was now just a wounded fraction
of its former self
on the 18th of May 1756 Britain forly
declared war on France and as the
various European powers began to take
sides they passed several acts in
preparation for Wars all across the
globe these acts called for the
recruitment of new infantries and navies
as well as allowed for the Looting of
captured French ships back in America
Governor William shley had temporarily
taken command following the death of
General bradock but his plans to take
Fort Niagara had failed in fact
everything that had been planned earlier
that year had failed save for the taking
of fort bour by Colonel Robert monton in
July General John Campbell ear of Lon
replaced William Shirley and assumed
control of all British forces in North
America he proved to be an unpopular
leader among the Colonials as he
temporarily closed all British ports to
prevent them from Trading with enemy
Merchants by September Lord luden began
preparing a plan of attack against the
French he intended to draw their focus
away from the Ohio country by
threatening Quebec the capital city of
New France from the north he knew that
if he simply held his defensive
positions along the frontier he would
eventually be able to force the French
to pull their forces from around the
Great Lakes at that time luden would
Advance his own troops and capture the
weakened forts effectively securing the
entire Ohio country and severing new
France's supply lines from the south
Blan was not a bad one it could have
worked the entire War itself could have
ended very soon after however because of
the political turmoil that surrounded
the larger seven years war in Europe he
did not receive approval for his plan
until the following year that meant for
over 6 months Lord lud was forced to sit
on his hands and wait while the French
continued to push Eastward during this
time he worked with the provincial
governors of the 13 colonies to bolster
their defenses along the frontier but
they continued to suffer heavy losses
when a reply finally arrived Lon found
that his plan had been heavily altered
now instead of attacking new France's
Capital he was to launch a coastal
attack against Lewis Bor using a
squadron of ships under the command of
rear Admiral Francis hbor during the
confusion and reorganization the French
Court wind of this plan and by April had
sent reinforcements of their own from
nearby ports to Aid in lure Borg's
defense now seeing as both sides had
amassed great naval fleets the stage was
set for a truly epic battle but
unfortunately for the British a number
of setbacks would cause severe issues
for them an outbreak of tyus caused much
of orban's Fleet to be ported and as a
result Sal he was forced to sail with a
much smaller Armada than it originally
planned later while on Route the weather
began to sour and on the 24th of
September he was caught in a hurricane
level storm that severely damaged the
remainder of his Fleet thus making the
attack Impossible he and Lord luden
returned to Britain the following
[Music]
year throughout the next two years
French forces along with their North
American Allies continued to win
significant victories all across the
Ohio and Great Lakes area most of this
was due to General Louis Joseph dearam
who upon his arrival in May of 1756
began setting his sights on several key
British forts in the area after quickly
assessing the defenses of Fort Killian
located on Lake Champlain monom led a
force of roughly 3,000 troops to mount
an assault against Fort Oso which was
under the command of British Colonel
James Mercer on August the 11th Mam's
men arrived within a mile of the smaller
nearby Fort Ontario and began
entrenching themselves after 2 days of
exchanging gun and cannon fire MC's men
abandoned their positions and fled to
the much larger Fort ego Mon's primary
target from his newly captured position
monom ordered the bombardment of Fort
oo's exposed Eastern side and by the
next morning he had succeeded in
collapsing its stone wall and killing
Colonel Mercer 1,700 prisoners including
80 officers were taken as well as
thousands of pounds of gunpowder and
food Provisions before returning to m
monam ordered the fort to be destroyed
the following year he managed to score
yet another major victory at the siege
of Fort William Henry the fort which had
been left poorly defended after Lord Lon
had pulled a significant number of
troops to man his failed assault on lorg
was occupied by Lieutenant Colonel
George Monroe despite being outnumbered
nearly 3 to1 Monroe's men put up a
hearty defense however after several
days of heavy bombardments they had no
choice but to surrender these victories
and others like them allowed the French
to continue their march across the Ohio
country raiding and capturing English
settlers as they
went up until this point British leaders
in Europe were still failing to take the
war in North America seriously for years
their focus had been locked on the
larger Seven Years War and most
Representatives had adopted uh let
America deal with America's problems
sort of mentality this like a support
allowed the French to secure Victory
after Victory against British Colonials
and by 1758 they had arrived within 60
miles of Philadelphia things were
Beginning to Look hopeless however all
of that changed with the arrival of
William pit pit was a British politician
who understood that the war in Europe
was deeply connected to the struggles in
North America he believed that no real
Victory could be achieved at home
without first addressing the issues
abroad to do this pit secured funding
from the British Parliament promising to
provide a total reimbursement to the
colonies for the expenses they had aced
while fighting on Britain's behalf he
also funded an expansion of the British
royal Navy which allowed them to
dominate The Seas these ships captured
and sank any french military supply or
transport ship that they believed to be
sailing toward New France after this he
appointed new military talents that he
believed could change the course of the
war at the same time that Britain was
rest strategizing France began facing
major issues that would lose them the
support of many crucial allies a massive
financial crisis had left them on the
verge of bankruptcy which was inhibiting
their ability to wage war furthermore
troops were suffering from famine
resulting from poor food yields the PRI
year as well as pits new blockades which
were now blocking all incoming food and
Supply shipments the result was a major
turn in favor of the British and in July
of 1758 Major General Jeffrey Amherst
finally succeeded in The Taking of
Lewisburg something that Lord Lon and
Admiral hobor had failed to do three
years prior one notable French victory
during this time period was the defense
of Ford Killian by General monam here he
and his men managed to defend their
positions against a much larger British
Force Under the command of Major General
Adam zomi however this was less the
result of Mom's planning as it was a
series of unfortunate failures and
tactical miscalculations on the part of
the British while it was seen as a major
victory at the time it would mean very
little overall as the fort would be
captured the following year after being
abandoned by his Garrison months later
British Lieutenant Colonel John Brad
street forced the surrender of Fort
front andac a crucial Communications and
Supply Hub that connected Montreal and
Quebec City to other French territories
in November of that same year Ford duen
the pesky for which had kickstarted this
entire conflict was abanded by the
French after learning that Brigadier
General John Forbes was leading a force
of 6,000 to lay Siege to better handle
the logistics of moving such a large
number of troops through the extremely
difficult terrain Forbes and his men
constructed a road all the way from
carile to Fort Deen road that is still
known as the Forbes Road after this fort
Deen was renamed Pittsburgh and used as
a launching point for the siege of
Quebec which occurred the following year
in 1759 during this battle the British
and French forces met on a plateau just
outside the walls of Quebec City in an
encounter known as the battle of the
Plains of Abraham during the fighting
both commanders British general James
wolf and French General Louie Joseph
maram were mortally wounded while the
battle was occurring outside the city
the French abandoned it and on September
the 13th British victory was declared in
July 1760 Jeffrey Amherst launched a
three-pronged attack against the last
major French hold out Montreal troops
from Lake Ontario Quebec and Fort Crown
Point all converged on the city and on
the 8th of September the French agreed
to an unconditional surrender a week
later British flags were raised over
Detroit small skirmishes would continue
across the oh country and in parts of
British controled New France but the war
in North America was effectively over
[Music]
in Europe the fighting raged for two
more full years until finally on the
10th of February 1763 the Treaty of
Paris was signed in it France seeded all
of their territories in North America to
Britain with the exception of New
Orleans which was given to Spain for now
a fragile peace had once again been
achieved but the effects that the French
and Indian War had on the Americas
cannot be understated not only had the
French lost a majority of their Holdings
in the New World and around the globe
but Britain had lost something arguably
even more important the support of their
colonies the casual attitude that had
been displayed by leaders in Britain
during the early stages of the war had
left a deep resentment in the hearts of
many British Colonials Benjamin
Franklin's proposal for Unity during the
Albany meeting may have failed at the
time but it would bear a striking
resemblance to the one that would be
passed at the First Continental Congress
just a few short decades later Britain
would pour gasoline on the fire by
attempting to recoup a portion of its
wartime losses through taxation of their
colonies but as we all know those taxes
weren't exactly very well received
outrage led to calls for representation
acts of rebellion and eventually after
much work from George Washington
Benjamin Franklin and many other
Veterans of the French and Indian War
Revolution
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