September 3, 2024
Summary
TLDRIn this discussion, Johara Al Sampayan explores Philippine political caricatures during the American era (1900s-1941) through the lens of Alfred W. McCoy's work. McCoy, a historian and professor, collected 377 cartoons that offer insights into the political climate and social issues of the time. The talk defines political caricatures as a form of art using humor and satire to critique politics and society, often targeting those in power. Specific examples from McCoy's collection are analyzed, revealing commentary on topics such as political patronage, social injustice, and the influence of American culture on the Philippines.
Takeaways
- 😀 Alfred W. McCoy is a historian known for his work on Philippine political history and global opium trafficking.
- 🎨 Political caricatures are a powerful tool for understanding history, offering unique perspectives on the political climate of a particular time and place.
- 🏆 McCoy has received numerous awards for his work, including multiple Philippine National Book Awards.
- 📚 His book, 'Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era,' compiles 377 cartoons that represent the period from 1900 to 1941.
- 🖌️ Caricatures often use exaggeration and humor to comment on politics and society, targeting people in power and authority.
- 👮♂️ A cartoon from 1916 depicts a politician passing his position to his brother-in-law, symbolizing the practice of patronage in politics.
- 🚔 A 1917 cartoon by Fernando Amorsolo comments on the Manila police's focus on small-time thieves while ignoring larger corruption.
- 🚗 A cartoon addresses the dangers of unregistered vehicles, or 'colorum,' which were a significant issue in the city streets.
- 🎥 Another cartoon humorously depicts a cinema scene where a police officer on screen enforces a no-kissing rule, reflecting societal norms of the time.
- 🤴 A cartoon shows Uncle Sam riding a chariot pulled by Filipino students, commenting on the power dynamics and exploitation during the American era.
- 🗳️ The final cartoon illustrates politicians from different parties waiting for favors from the United States, highlighting the political patronage of the era.
Q & A
Who is Alfred W. McCoy?
-Alfred W. McCoy is a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin, where he also served as the director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies. He was born on June 8, 1945, in Massachusetts, USA. McCoy specializes in Philippine political history and global opium trafficking.
What is the significance of political caricatures in understanding history?
-Political caricatures offer a unique perspective on the political climate of a particular time and place. They are a powerful tool for understanding history, conveying social and political messages through exaggeration and satire.
What awards has Alfred W. McCoy received?
-Alfred W. McCoy has received several awards, including the Philippine National Book Award in 1985, 1995, and 2001, a Fullbright High Faculty Research Abroad in 1998, an Association for Asian Studies Grant in 2001, and the George Kahin Prize in 2004, among others.
What is the definition of political cartoons or caricatures?
-Political cartoons or caricatures are an art form that uses exaggeration of human features and humor to comment on politics and society. They often target persons of power and authority, and are a form of social and political commentary.
What is the role of political cartoons during the American era in the Philippines?
-During the American era in the Philippines, political cartoons served as a primary source for historians to examine the past. They reflected the social and political realities of the period and were used to criticize the social situation, particularly the government.
What is the main theme of the cartoon published in 'The Independent' on May 20, 1916?
-The cartoon published on May 20, 1916, in 'The Independent' depicts the transfer of power from a politician named Dr. Santos to his brother-in-law, Dr. Barcelona. It comments on the issue of power transfer and the attempt to stop the unjust passing of a crown or position.
What does the cartoon by Fernando Amorsolo published on June 16, 1917, illustrate?
-The cartoon by Fernando Amorsolo illustrates the workings of the Manila police during that period, showing a Filipino child being pursued by a police officer for stealing food due to hunger. It comments on the police's focus on small-time thieves rather than addressing larger issues.
What is the commentary of the third cartoon regarding colorum automobiles?
-The third cartoon is a commentary on the dangers of colorum automobiles, which are unregistered vehicles. It depicts a car labeled 'colorum' being driven by a group of people being chased by death, highlighting the risks of driving without proper registration and safety precautions.
What does the fourth cartoon, published by 'Lupang Calabao' on August 24, 1907, represent?
-The fourth cartoon represents Uncle Sam rationing porridge to politicians and members of the Progress Party, while members of the Nacionalista Party look on and wait for their turn. It depicts the patronage of the United States being sought by politicians from either party.
What is the main message of the cartoon published in 'The Independent' on November 27, 1916?
-The cartoon published on November 27, 1916, shows Uncle Sam riding a chariot pulled by Filipinos wearing school uniforms, carrying American objects. It comments on the power structure in society, suggesting that the rich benefit from the labor of the poor in an unfair system.
Outlines
🖼️ Introduction to Philippine Political Caricatures
This paragraph introduces the topic of the discussion, which is an exploration of Philippine political caricatures during the American era as presented in Alfred McCoy's work. The discussion aims to understand who Alfred McCoy is, define the art form of political caricature, identify examples of these caricatures, and discuss the broader context of American colonialism in the Philippines. McCoy is described as a historian and professor who has written extensively on Philippine political history and the opium trade. He has received numerous awards for his work, and his compilation of 377 cartoons provides a rich representation of the period. The paragraph sets the stage for a deeper analysis of the political climate in the Philippines from the 1900s to 1941.
🎨 Understanding Political Caricatures
This paragraph delves into the definition of political cartoons or caricatures, explaining them as an art form that uses exaggeration for humor and commentary on social and political issues. It discusses how these caricatures are typically found in editorial cartoons and commentaries, often targeting powerful individuals or authorities. The paragraph provides an example of how certain features, like a big nose, can represent arrogance. It also explains how political cartoons use humor and satire to criticize social situations and government actions, making them an effective tool for social and political commentary. The paragraph transitions into discussing selected examples of political cartoons from McCoy's book, which are primary sources for historians examining the past.
📰 Selected Examples of Political Caricatures
The third paragraph presents specific examples of political caricatures from the American era in the Philippines. It discusses a cartoon published in 'The Independent' on May 20, 1916, which depicts a politician named Dr. Santos passing his crown to his brother-in-law, Dr. Barcelona, symbolizing the transfer of power and the issues of nepotism and corruption. Another example from June 16, 1917, by Fernando Amorsolo, critiques the Manila police's focus on minor crimes while ignoring more significant thefts. A third cartoon comments on the dangers of unregistered vehicles, known as 'colorum,' which were involved in fatal accidents. The paragraph highlights how these caricatures reflect the social and political realities of the time, offering a critical perspective on the issues faced by the Filipino people.
🌎 Commentary on Society and Politics
The final paragraph continues the analysis of political caricatures, focusing on their commentary on societal and political structures. It describes a cartoon depicting a cinema scene where a police officer announces a ban on public displays of affection, reflecting different societal reactions. Another cartoon shows Uncle Sam riding a chariot pulled by Filipino students, symbolizing the exploitation of the poor by the wealthy and the power dynamics during the American era. The last example portrays Uncle Sam distributing porridge to politicians, illustrating the patronage and favoritism in politics. These caricatures serve as a reminder of the importance of equal opportunity and fairness in society, as well as the role of political parties during the American era in shaping the political landscape of the Philippines.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Political Caricature
💡Alfred McCoy
💡American Era
💡Opium Trade
💡Social Commentary
💡Humor and Satire
💡Power and Authority
💡Cultural Representation
💡Nationalism
💡Progress Party and Nacionalista Party
Highlights
Alfred W McCoy is a historian specializing in Philippine political history and global opium trafficking.
Political cartoons are a powerful tool for understanding history, offering unique perspectives on the political climate.
The discussion aims to understand Alfred McCoy, his work on Philippine political cartoons, and the role of political caricature in conveying social and political messages.
Alfred McCoy compiled a vast collection of 377 cartoons, providing a rich representation of the American era in the Philippines.
Political caricatures use humor or satire to comment on politics and society, often targeting persons of power and authority.
Cartoons from McCoy's book offer insights into the political landscape of the Philippines during the American era.
Alfred McCoy has received multiple awards for his work, including the Philippine National Book Award and a Fullbright High Faculty Research Abroad grant.
A cartoon from 1916 depicts a politician passing his position to his brother-in-law, illustrating the issue of political succession.
A 1917 cartoon by Fernando Amorsolo comments on the Manila police's focus on small-time thieves while ignoring larger crimes.
A commentary on colorum automobiles highlights the dangers of unregistered vehicles and the need for safety precautions.
A cinema cartoon captures different reactions to a police officer's announcement against public displays of affection.
Uncle Sam is depicted riding a chariot pulled by Filipino students, symbolizing the exploitation of the poor by the wealthy.
The last cartoon shows Uncle Sam rationing porridge to politicians, representing the patronage of the United States and the desire for political favor.
Political cartoons reflect the social and political realities of the American colonial period in the Philippines.
Transcripts
Good day everyone Welcome to our
discussion in readings in Philippine
History I'm johara Al sampayan one of
your reporters for chapter 2.4 today we
discuss about a glance at selected
Philippine political caricature in
Alfred mao's Philippine cartoon
political caricature of the American era
in the year 1900s to 19 41 political
cartoons or caricatures are a powerful
tool for understanding history they
offer unique perspective on the
political Climate of a particular time
and place in this discussion our
objectives are number one to understand
Who is Alfred makcoy so kikilalanin
natin ang historian na ito and his work
on filippine political cartoons so
number two to know what is Political
caricature will define this art form and
its role in conveying social and
political messages so number three to
identify selected examples of political
caricature we analyze a few specific
cartoons from makoy's book gaining
insights into political landscape of the
Philippines during the American era so
number four to know other important
information about the topic so we will
discuss the broader context of american
colonialism in the Philippines and how
political cartoons reflect the social
and political realities of that period
so by examining this caricatures we
gaining a valuable insight into
political Climate of the Philippines
from 1900s to
1941 let's have a background about
Alfred w mcoy Alfred w mcoy was born on
June 8 1945 in Massachusetts USA a
professor of history at the university
of wisconsin where he also Served as
director of Center for Southeast Asian
studies so si Alfred w Makoy is isang
professor and
Director he specialized in Philippine
political history and global opium
trafficking
he spent the past quarter of his life
writing about politics and history of
the opium trade so pag sinabi nating
opium iyan na iyung drugs then made from
the Seeds of puppy or red plant that is
used to control pain or help people to
sleep so dahil sa paggamit ng mga tao
dito they became Addicted and marami
itong naging negative impact so
nag-focus si Alfred mcoy Regarding sa
opium trade para ma-solve ung problem na
kanilang na-encounter on that
period he compiled vast collection of
377 cartoons providing a rich and
diverse representation of the period so
si Alfred makcoy is marami siyang
na-coma na cartoons so every cartoons na
iyon is mayroong representation or
mayroong meaning so halimbawa sa isang
cartoon s mayroong message na
pinapahiwatig Regarding sa social issues
din nung period na ion so aalamin natin
ang ilan sa naging Awards ni Alfred mcoy
so noong 1985 he received Philippine
National Book award noong
1995 Philippine National Book award 1998
fullbright High faculty research abroad
2001 Philippine Nation book award on
2001 Association for Asian studies Grant
goodman priz 2004 University of
wisconsin Graduate School jrw smil Cher
in history 2011 Association for Asian
studies George kahil price on 2012 yale
Graduate School alumni Association
Wilber cross medal Nong 2 12 University
of wisconsin madison Hill award for arts
and humanities so dahil sa hard work ni
makcoy marami siyang na-receive na
Awards so malaki ang kanyang
contribution sa Southeast Asian
countries particularly in the
Philippines wel be delving into the
definition of political cartoons and
so before natin i-discuss yung mga
selected examples of political cartoons
let's define first What is Political
cartoons or
caricature it is an art form which veed
away from the classical art by
exaggerating human features and poking
fun at its
subjects so usually makikita ang
caricature sa mga editorial cartoons um
entertainment and any other commentaries
it focuses on realistic comments so ang
mga content ng art form na ito is
usually nangyayari sa paligid or social
issues it uses exaggerating ideas when
we say exaggerating ideas usually it
adding details or elaborate a story to
make it more interesting or
exciting for example sa isang caricature
makikita ang growing by having a big
nose as a representation of
arrogance so again sa political cartoons
or caricature is gumagamit sila ng humor
or satire to comment on politics and
society So kadalasang funny exaggerated
and of course by making it a drawing or
we known as
comics such are genra a technique became
part of print media as a form of social
and political commentary which usually
target a person of power and authority
so ang political caricatures is naging
effective way to criticize the social
situation especially sa government it
usually targets person of power and
authority ibig sabihin ang kadalasang
topic is yyung mga taong may posisyon
particularly in the government nagagamit
ang mga caricatures na ito para
magpatawa mag ng comment and magbigay ng
pananaw tungkol sa isue So naging
effective ang political cartoons or
caricature para ma-express yung mga
issues using art form and
drawing isa kasi ang political
caricatures noong American era sa
primary source na pinag-aaralan ng mga
historian to examine the past in his
book Philippine cartoons political
caricature of the American era in the
year 1900 to 1941 Alfred makcoy together
with Alfredo Roses compiled political
cartoons published in newspaper dailies
and periodicals in the time so sa book
ni Alfred mhoy na political caricature
of the American era nakakumpol si Makoy
kasama si Alfredo rosses ng political
cartoons na nagti na nangyari sa bansa
so let's proceed to the selected
examples of Philippine political
cartoons or caricature by Alfred
mcoy so sa ating first example it was
published in the independent on May 20
1916 so na-publish siya noong May 20
1916 the cartoon shows a politician from
Tondo named Dr Santos passing his ground
to his brother-in-law Dr
Barcelona a Filipino guy as depicted
wearing salakot and Barong Tagalog was
trying to stop Santos telling the latter
to stop giving Barcelona the crown
because it is not his to begin with So
makikita natin sa picture na mayroong
tao na may hawak ng ng crown so pinapasa
niya ang kaniyang crown sa isa pang tao
sa picture so ang pangalan ng politician
na may hawak ng crown
Si Dr Santos na isang politician sa
tondo makikita rin natin na may taong
nakayuko or para Sana kunin yung clown
na ipapasa ni Dr Santos so ang pangalan
niya is Si Dr
Barcelona so Si Dr Santos is
brother-in-law niya si Dr
Barcelona so sa likod nila May makikita
tayong tao na nakasuot ng salakot when
we say salakot yan na ung nasa ulo niya
and Barong Tagalog so yan yung
kadalasang ginagamit or kasuotan nung
mga Pilipino noon so pinipigilan niya si
Dr Santos naibigay ang crown or posisyon
kay Dr Barcelona because it is not his
to begin with so pinapahiwatig ng
caricature na ito ang tungkol sa pagbasa
ng pos
and ang pagharang or pagpigil dito So
sino ang um Naghang yung mga Pilipino
let's proceed to our second example it
was also published by The independence
on June 16
1917 This was drawn by Fernando
Amorsolo and was aimed as a commentary
to the workings of Manila police at that
period so ito Ito naman ang com comment
tungkol sa kung paano magtrabaho ang mga
manila police officers noon here we see
a Filipino child who stole a skinny
chicken because he had nothing to eat So
makikita natin sa picture is mayroong
bata na hinahabol ng Manila police
officer dahil ito ay nagnakaw ng pagkain
dahil sa sobrang gutom the police
officer was relentlessly pursuing the S
child so ang pulis is talagang Hinahabol
niya yung bata a man wearing a salakot
labeled Juan Dela Cruz was grabbing the
officer telling him to leave the small
time pick Pockets and Thieves and to
turn at the great Thieves
instead so iinsist ni Juan de Cruz sa
pulis na hayaan na yung bata na nagnakaw
ng food dahil hindi
nakakain instead mag-focus sila sa mga
great Thieves so yun yung mga taong mas
marami ang ninanakaw so He was pointed
the huge warehouse containing bulks of
rice milk and grocery products so in
this caricature naka-focus sa actions ng
mga manila police noong period
naon Okay let's proceed to our third
example so the third cartoon was a
commentary on the unprecedented cases of
colorum automobiles in the city streets
the Philippine free press published this
commentary when fatal accidents
involving colorum vehicles and taxis
occurred too often already so the image
depicting the dangers of automobiles the
car is labeled colorum which refers to
the unregistered vehicles and is being
Driven by a group of people who are
being chased by death the image is a
commentary on the dangers of driving
without proper registration and safety
precautions It is a reminder that even
though cars can be convenient they can
also be dangerous if not used
responsibly so let's proceed to our
fourth cartoon this fourth cartoon
depicts a cinema a blown up police
officer was at the screen saying that
couples are not allowed to neck and make
love in the
theater two youngsters look horrified
while an older couple seemed amused so
sa cartoon na to nag-i indicate na
mayroong dalawang bata or youngsters
look while an older couple seemed amused
So this cartoon indicates a cinema se
where two youngsters are watching while
the two couple appears to be entertained
so the cartoon likely captured the
moment of general conscious it
commenting on different reactions or
perspectives toward the contents being
shown in the cinema so nagi indicate na
mayroong police officer sa screen na
nagsasabing couples are not allowed to
have love or to Kiss in the theater
the next cartoon was published by the
independent on November 27
1916 So Here we see the caricature of
Uncle Sam riding a chariot pulled by
Filipinos wearing school uniforms the
Filipino boys were carrying American
objects like baseball bats Whisky and
boxing gloves makcoy in his caption to
the S cartoon says that this cartoon was
on an event in
1907 when William Howard Taft was
brought to the manil peer riding a
chariot pulled by students of Liceo de
Manila such was condemned by the
nationalist at that time the cartoon
show a rich man riding in a carriage
pulled by a group of students the
cartoonist suggest that the rich are
benefiting from the labor of the poor
and that the system is unfair
the cartoon is a commentary on the power
structure in society and how it can
benefit the wealthy at the expense of
the Poor It is a reminder that everyone
should have an equal opportunity to
succeed and that the system should be
fair to all so sa cartoon na to is ini
kung paano itrato yung mga
Pilipino noong American era Okay so the
last cartoon was published by lupang
calabao on august 24 1907 in this
picture we can see Uncle Sam rationing
porridge to the politicians and members
of the progress party sometimes known as
federalista party while members of the
nationalista Party look on look on and
wait for their turn this cartoon depicts
the patronage of the United States being
coved by politicians from either of the
Party So gusto ng mga Politiko na
makamit ang favor ng United States it
shows of what kind of society and
politics that we had during the American
era it Talks about political parties
such as nationalist and progress
party that ends our discussion
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