TENTANG BATAVIA | Sejarah Berdirinya VOC di Indonesia | #History

Summary

The script narrates the Dutch colonial history in Indonesia, beginning with the 80-year Dutch-Spanish war that led to Dutch exploration and establishment of trade in the region. The Dutch, under Cornelis de Houtman, first arrived in 1596 but faced hostility. They later formed the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) in 1602 to consolidate power and trade. The script details the establishment of Batavia (now Jakarta), its growth, and the strategic moves of the VOC, including the construction of forts and administrative centers. It concludes with the renaming of Batavia to Jakarta after Japanese occupation in WWII and its development as the political and administrative capital of Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The Dutch fought an 80-year war against the Spanish, from 1568 to 1648, which motivated them to seek colonies in the Nusantara region, similar to other European nations, for wealth, trade monopolies, and territory.
• 🛳️ The Dutch first arrived in Indonesia in 1596 under Cornelis de Houtman but were initially expelled by the locals due to their rude and arrogant behavior.
• 🗓️ On March 20, 1602, the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to eliminate competition among Dutch merchants, unite against Portuguese and other traders in Indonesia, and maximize profits to finance the war against Spain.
• 🏛️ The VOC was led by a council of 17 members based in Amsterdam and granted extensive rights, including acting as a representative of the Dutch government in Asia, monopolizing trade, minting money, and conducting diplomacy and warfare.
• 🛡️ The VOC established a fortified base in Jayakarta, which was later renamed Batavia, to control trade, military, and political power in the region.
• 🏙️ Batavia was named after a Germanic tribe, the Batavi, and also after a large ship built by the VOC, which eventually ran aground off the coast of Western Australia.
• 🔄 The city of Batavia was renamed several times, from Jayakarta to Batavia, then to Gemente Batavia, and finally to Jakarta after the Japanese occupation in 1942.
• 🏗️ The VOC expanded Batavia significantly, constructing a fortress with a moat and strong walls, and by 1650, the city had grown three times its original size.
• 📜 Agreements with Banten in 1659 and Mataram in 1652 established the area between Cisadane and Citarum as the new territory for the VOC.
• 🌆 By the end of the 17th century, the area now known as Jakarta began to be inhabited by a mix of enslaved people and free indigenous populations.
• 🏛️ After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, Jakarta became the center of political and governmental activities and was officially made the capital of the nation in 1966.

Q & A

What was the main reason for the Dutch to seek colonies in the Nusantara region?

The Dutch sought colonies in the Nusantara region for the same reasons as other European nations: to find wealth, establish trade monopolies, and acquire colonial territories.

When did the Dutch first arrive in Indonesia?

The Dutch first arrived in Indonesia in 1596 under the leadership of Cornelis de Houtman.

Why were the Dutch initially expelled from Banten?

The Dutch were expelled from Banten because the local inhabitants found them to be rude and arrogant.

What was the name of the Dutch trading company established on March 20, 1602?

The Dutch trading company established on March 20, 1602, was called Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC), or the Dutch East India Company.

What were the main objectives of the VOC?

The main objectives of the VOC were to eliminate competition among Dutch merchants, unite forces to compete with the Portuguese and other traders in Indonesia, and seek maximum profits to finance the war against Spain.

Who was the first Governor-General of the VOC?

The first Governor-General of the VOC was Jan Pieterszoon Coen.

Why did Jan Pieterszoon Coen prefer Jayakarta over Banten as the VOC's base?

Jan Pieterszoon Coen preferred Jayakarta because Banten already had many European trade centers, including those of the Portuguese, Spanish, and later the English, while Jayakarta was still a small port at the time.

When did the VOC receive permission to build a wooden house with a stone foundation in Jayakarta?

The VOC received permission to build a wooden house with a stone foundation in Jayakarta in the year 1611.

What significant event occurred on May 30, 1619, in Jayakarta?

On May 30, 1619, the Dutch attacked Jayakarta, which led to them gaining control of the city and destroying the royal palace and almost all the settlements.

How did the city of Batavia expand over the years?

The city of Batavia expanded threefold over eight years, with construction completed by 1650. It was located in the southern part of the castle and surrounded by walls and moats.

When did the name Batavia change to Jakarta?

The name Batavia was changed to Jakarta after the Japanese occupation in 1942, to appeal to the local population during World War II.

What was the significance of the name change from Batavia to Jakarta after the proclamation of Indonesian independence?

The name change from Batavia to Jakarta after the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945 symbolized the city's new identity as the capital of a sovereign nation, reflecting its political and administrative importance.