Sejarah dan Latar Belakang kedatangan Spanyol ke Indonesia

Summary

The video script delves into the historical context of Spanish exploration in the 15th century, driven by the quest for valuable spices and influenced by political shifts such as the fall of Constantinople. It highlights the Tordesillas Agreement of 1494, which divided the world between Spain and Portugal, leading to Christopher Columbus's famed discovery of the Americas. The narrative continues with Spain's arrival in Indonesia, marked by Ferdinand Magellan's expedition and the ensuing conflicts with Portugal over the Moluccas, culminating in the Saragosa Agreement that saw Spain's withdrawal from the region. The script concludes with a mention of Spanish relics in Indonesia, such as Fort Tahula, serving as a testament to their historical presence.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The Tordesillas agreement of 1449 divided the world into two regions, granting Spain the right to explore and control the western routes, including the Americas discovered by Christopher Columbus.
• 🏴‍☠️ European nations, including Spain, sought new sea voyages from the 15th century to find sources of valuable spices, which were essential commodities in Europe.
• 📜 The historical context of European exploration was also shaped by political events such as the defeat in the Crusades and the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, which disrupted traditional trade routes.
• 🛳️ Spain's exploration was driven by the '3G' spirit: the pursuit of gold, power, and the spread of the Gospel through Catholicism.
• 🗺️ The Spanish, led by Fernando de Magellan, arrived in the Philippines in 1521, and after Magellan's death, Sebastian del Cano continued the expedition, eventually reaching Indonesia.
• 🛡️ The arrival of the Spanish in the Maluku Islands was met with opposition from the Portuguese, who had already established a presence there and accused Spain of violating the Tordesillas agreement.
• 🤝 Spain attempted to form alliances, particularly with the Tidore sultanate, to gain an advantage in the spice trade and counter the Portuguese influence.
• 💥 The conflict between Spain and Portugal over the Maluku Islands escalated, leading to battles and a shift in alliances that affected local politics.
• 📝 The Saragosa agreement marked the end of Spanish intervention in Indonesia, with Spain agreeing to leave the Moluccas and focus on the Philippines, while Portugal maintained control over the spice trade.
• 🏰 Despite their limited time in Indonesia, Spain left behind some historical relics, such as Fort Tahula in Tidore, serving as a testament to their presence.
• 📚 The video script provides a detailed account of Spain's arrival and activities in Indonesia, highlighting the complex interplay of exploration, trade, and religious expansion during the Age of Discovery.

Q & A

What was the Tordesillas agreement and how did it divide the world?

The Tordesillas agreement, signed on June 7, 1494, was a treaty that divided the world into two regions, stretching from the North Pole to the South Pole. It granted Spain the right to control the western side of the line, while Portugal was given control over the eastern side.

Who is Christopher Columbus and what is his significance in the script?

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who is widely recognized for his discovery of the Americas. In the script, he is mentioned as one of the most famous figures in Spanish exploration, symbolizing the beginning of European interest in the New World.

Why were spices so valuable to Europeans in the 15th century?

Spices were highly valuable to Europeans in the 15th century due to their use as ingredients in food mixtures and as preservatives, especially during the cold winter season. They were considered expensive commodities.

What were the two important political events that spurred European explorations?

The two significant political events were the defeat of the European Catholic kingdoms in the crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks. These events disrupted traditional trade routes and economic conditions, prompting European nations to seek new routes.

Why did European nations mobilize their sailors for oceanic voyages?

European nations mobilized their sailors to sail across the ocean in search of new trade routes due to the deterioration of their economic conditions and the prohibition of European traders from entering Ottoman territories by Sultan Mahmud II.

Who was Fernando de Magallanes, and what was his expedition's goal?

Fernando de Magallanes, also known as Magellan, was a Portuguese explorer who led an expedition for Spain. His goal was to find a westward route to the Spice Islands, which eventually led to the first circumnavigation of the Earth.

What was the significance of the Spanish arrival in the Philippines in April 1521?

The Spanish arrival in the Philippines in April 1521 marked the first European contact with the islands. However, Magellan was killed there, and the expedition was continued by Captain Sebastian del Cano.

What was the purpose of the Spanish nation's arrival in the Maluku Islands?

The Spanish arrived in the Maluku Islands with the 3G spirit: seeking gold (wealth from the spice trade), power, and the Gospel (spreading Catholicism).

How did the arrival of the Spaniards in Maluku affect the Portuguese?

The arrival of the Spaniards in Maluku was opposed by the Portuguese, who had already established a presence there. This led to accusations of Spain violating the Tordesillas agreement and increased tensions between the two powers.

What was the outcome of the conflict between Spain and Portugal in the Maluku Islands?

The conflict resulted in the Saragosa agreement, where Spain was asked to leave the Maluku Islands and move to the Philippines, while the Portuguese remained in control of the Moluccas without Spanish intervention.

What is the historical legacy of Spain in Indonesia?

The historical legacy of Spain in Indonesia is marked by the short period of Spanish intervention from 1521 to 1692. Today, one can find relics such as Fort Tahula in the Tidore Islands, serving as a silent witness to Spain's history in Indonesia.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 The Tordesillas Agreement and Spanish Exploration

This paragraph discusses the historical context of European nations' quest for new sea routes to find valuable spices in the 15th century. It highlights the Tordesillas agreement of 1449, which divided the world into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence. The paragraph also mentions Christopher Columbus's discovery of the Americas as a significant event in Spanish history. The Spanish were motivated by the high value of spices in Europe, political events affecting trade routes, and the desire to establish new routes due to economic hardships caused by the Ottoman Empire's control over traditional trade paths. The paragraph concludes with the Spanish arrival in the Philippines under Fernando De Magelhaens, marking the beginning of their journey to Indonesia.

05:04

🛡️ Spanish-Portuguese Conflict in the Spice Islands

The second paragraph delves into the Spanish arrival in the Maluku Islands, where they encountered resistance from the Portuguese, who had already established a presence there. The Spanish attempt to form an alliance with the Tidore sultanate against the Ternate sultanate, which had allied with the Portuguese, is described. This led to increased tensions and conflict, culminating in the Battle of Tidore. The outcome of the battle and the subsequent Saragosa agreement forced the Spanish to withdraw from the Moluccas and relocate to the Philippines, effectively ending Spanish involvement in Indonesia by 1692. The paragraph concludes by mentioning the historical remnants of Spanish presence in Indonesia, such as Fort Tahula in Tidore, serving as a testament to their historical engagement with the region.

Keywords

💡Tordesillas Agreement

The Tordesillas Agreement was a treaty signed in 1494 that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands. In the video, it is mentioned as the starting point of the division of exploration rights, granting Spain the right to control the west and Portugal the east, which is central to understanding the Spanish and Portuguese colonial ambitions and their subsequent voyages.

💡Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for widespread European exploration and the eventual conquest of the Americas. In the script, Columbus is noted for his discovery of the Americas, which is a pivotal event in the age of exploration and the establishment of Spanish colonialism.

💡European nations

The term 'European nations' in the context of the video refers to the various countries of Europe that were competing in the 15th century to explore new territories and trade routes, particularly for the acquisition of spices. The video emphasizes the competitive spirit and the drive for wealth and power that characterized these nations' explorations.

💡Spices

Spices were highly valued commodities in the 15th century, used for flavoring food and as preservatives. The script mentions that European nations were eager to find new sources of spices, which were scarce and expensive in Europe, and this quest was a significant factor in driving their exploration and colonization efforts.

💡Fernando De Magelhaens

Fernando De Magelhaens, also known as Magellan, was a Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth. In the script, his expedition is highlighted as the first Spanish arrival to Indonesia, marking a significant moment in Spanish exploration.

💡3G spirit

The '3G spirit' mentioned in the script refers to the three main objectives of the Spanish exploration: gold (seeking wealth), glory (expanding the empire), and gospel (spreading Catholicism). This concept encapsulates the economic, political, and religious motivations behind the Spanish voyages.

💡Tidore Sultanate

The Tidore Sultanate was one of the two main sultanates in the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) of Indonesia, known for its production of cloves. The script describes how Spain attempted to form an alliance with the Tidore Sultanate to gain an advantage in the spice trade, illustrating the geopolitical strategies employed during the age of exploration.

💡Saragosa Agreement

The Saragosa Agreement, also known as the Treaty of Zaragoza, was signed in 1529 between Spain and Portugal to resolve disputes over the division of the Eastern Hemisphere. The script refers to this agreement as the culmination of Spanish-Portuguese conflicts in the Moluccas, resulting in Spain's withdrawal from the region.

💡Fortress Tahula

Fortress Tahula is a historical site in the Tidore Islands, Indonesia, which served as a Spanish stronghold during their brief presence in the region. In the script, it is mentioned as a relic of Spain's history in Indonesia, providing a tangible link to the past and the Spanish colonial influence.

💡Moluccas

The Moluccas, also known as the Spice Islands, are an archipelago in Indonesia renowned for its production of spices like nutmeg, mace, and cloves. The script discusses the strategic importance of the Moluccas in the spice trade and the conflict between Spain and Portugal over control of this valuable resource.

💡Sebastian del Cano

Sebastian del Cano was a Spanish navigator who took over the command of Magellan's expedition after Magellan's death and completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth. In the script, he is credited with continuing the voyage that led to the first Spanish arrival in Indonesia, underlining his role in Spanish exploration history.

Highlights

The Tordesillas agreement divided the world into two regions, giving Spain the right to control the west and Portugal the east.

European nations were competing in the 15th century to explore the oceans in search of valuable spices.

Spices were essential commodities in Europe, used as ingredients and preservatives.

Political events such as the defeat in the crusade and the fall of Constantinople impacted European trade routes and economic conditions.

European nations sought new trade routes due to the prohibition by Sultan Mahmud Dua and the high costs of existing trade.

Advances in technology and science supported European exploration voyages.

Christopher Columbus's discovery of the Americas is considered one of Spain's most famous services.

Spain's first arrival in Indonesia was part of their exploration for new lands and trade routes.

Fernando De Magelhaens led an expedition that resulted in the first Spanish arrival in the Philippines.

The Spanish explorers landed in Maluku on November 8, 1521, marking their first arrival in the Indonesian archipelago.

The Spanish aimed to realize the 3G spirit: gold seeking, power, and spreading Catholicism.

The arrival of the Spanish in Maluku was opposed by the Portuguese, leading to conflict over the Tordesillas agreement.

Spain attempted to approach the Tidore sultanate to gain an advantage in the spice competition.

The conflict between Ternate and Tidore was intensified by the interests of Spain and Portugal.

The Saragosa agreement forced Spain to leave the Maluku islands and marked the end of their intervention in Indonesia.

Spain's presence in Indonesia, though short, left a few historical relics such as the Fortress Tahula in Tidore.

The video concludes with a quiz for viewers to test their knowledge on the arrival of Spain in Indonesia.

Transcripts

Under the Tordesillas agreement, the Spanish shipping area passed

the western route, and one of the most famous services owned by Spain was the

discovery of Christopher Columbus who is considered to have discovered the Americas.

Hi

historians, back again on the Delta Buana channel. How are you, I hope you are always healthy, we

know that since the 15th century AD, European nations have competed to make voyages to

explore the Ocean to find the source of spices, which at that time

were very valuable commodities . and needed by Europeans for more details about the history

of the arrival of Europeans to Indonesia or the archipelago at that time you can see

at the link in the right corner, or you can find it in the description below, almost the same as the initial goals of

other Europeans. Spain also doesn't want to lose to looking for a new land in a gif sign,

namely an area or archipelago that became a source of the spices they really needed

at that time, spices became an expensive commodity in Europe, especially because of their function as an ingredient

for mixtures in food until they were used as preservatives in the cold winter season.

has become a basic need among Europeans at this time In addition, the explorations

carried out by Europeans were carried out because of two important political events, namely the defeat

of the European Catholic kingdoms in the crusade and also the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks and

as a result of these events created trade routes and also the economic conditions of the European kingdoms in the past.

at that time it became very bad because Sultan Mahmud Dua forbade European traders to enter

his territory plus their cases also shrank due to the large costs at that time. That

's why the European nations mobilized their sailors to sail across the ocean in

search of new trade routes and these voyages as well. supported by advances in technology

and science when it This is a milestone of European

colonialism started among the peoples of Europe are keen to make the voyage

to discover a new world is Spanish and also Portuguese, but the two had clashed

hit i the shipping route they will take so that an agreement occurs

on June 7, 1449 the agreement is named the agreement called the Tordesillas agreement

which divides the world into two regions stretching from the north pole to the

south pole and Spain is given the right to control this west side while Portuguese on the

eastern side by the treaty of Tordesillas this area voyages Spain passes through

the west one cruise illustrious owned Spanish was the discovery of Christopher

Columbus, who is considered to have discovered the Americas Well so the dance Here is

a Spanish background came to Indonesia but while watching don't forget to give a like

, guys or you can also share this video so that it can also be useful for others

Hi, the first Spanish arrival to Indonesia after Christopher Columbus,

Spain returned to send an expedition under the leadership of Fernando De Magelhaens or

Ferdin and Magellan who finally arrived in the Philippines in April 1521 but Magelang was killed in the

Philippines so this expedition was continued by a Captain named Sebastian del Cano who

directed his ship to the south until finally the Spanish explorers This first came to

Indonesia or the archipelago and landed in Maluku on November 8, 1521 and citing the 2020 High School History learning

model published by the Ministry of Education and Culture, the purpose of the arrival of the

Spanish nation was to realize the 3G spirit, namely gold seeking gold or seeking wealth from

the spice trade. also

power, while the last one is the Gospel, which is a sacred duty to spread Catholicism,

but the arrival of the Spaniards in Maluku was, of course, opposed by the Portuguese, who at that

time had already arrived in the Maluku islands, as a result, the Portuguese accused the Spanish of

having violated the previous agreement. They had made the Tordesillas agreement, of

course Spain did not want to just leave the Maluku islands so that in order to

win the spice competition at that time Spain was trying to approach the Tidore sultanate

which at that time was a rival to the Ternate sultanate which had previously also established trade cooperation with the

Sultanate of Ternate. The Portuguese who later became the second end of the conflict and the decline

of the Spanish in Indonesia due to the coalition between the Portuguese and the Spanish, causing

hostility between Ternate and Tidore to heat up because it had been spiced up by the interests of

Spain and Portugal, behind which war was inevitable and in this battle it was Ternate who

fought back . assisted by the Portuguese came out victorious but of course Spain did not

just give up so that an agreement emerged that emphasized the previous

agreement, the agreement was then known as the Saragosa agreement

. Spain was asked to leave the Maluku islands and move to the Philippines

while the Portuguese remained in control of the Moluccas without any intervention from the Spanish side so that

from this agreement Spain had to leave the Moluccas and marked the end of the Spanish intervention

in Indonesia which started from 1521 to 1692 although shortly with his foot

in Indonesia, but there are a few relics of Spain that we can meet today yes

fortress called fortress tahula in Islands Tidore and as a fortress

is a silent witness to the history of Spain in Indonesia nah so until here before yes material

on the arrival of Spain in Indonesia at the end of the video there will be a quiz that you can answer hopefully

this information can be useful see you in the next discussion greetings Jas Merah Putih

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