NT 1 Lesson 2 Lecture 2 IMG 1896

Summary

This video script explores the United Kingdom period in Israel's history, spanning from 1050 to 930 BC, highlighting the reigns of Saul, David, and Solomon. It discusses the expectations of a spirit-anointed king, as seen in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus in the New Testament. The script then transitions to the Divided Kingdom, detailing the fall of the Northern Kingdom to Assyria in 722 BC and the Southern Kingdom's fall to Babylon in 586 BC, leading to the Babylonian exile. It emphasizes the theological significance of God's eternal and universal kingdom alongside the human kingdoms.

Takeaways

• 👑 The 'United Kingdom' refers to the period in Israelite history from 1050 BC to 930 BC, during which all 12 tribes were united under a single king, starting with Saul and ending with Solomon.
• 📜 The expectation of a king and kingdom in Israel's history is rooted in Old Testament texts such as First Samuel and Second Samuel, which highlight the divine anointing and establishment of the kingship.
• 🌬 The spirit anointing of David as king signifies the empowerment of Israel's leaders, a theme echoed in the New Testament with Jesus' anointing at his baptism, indicating his role as a spirit-anointed king.
• 🔗 The 'Davidic Kingdom' is a concept that suggests the perpetuity of the kingdom established by David, although in reality, no human king's reign lasted forever, pointing to a deeper theological significance.
• 🕌 The idea of an earthly kingdom coexisted with the understanding of God's eternal and universal kingdom, as evidenced by various Psalms and prophetic books, which affirm God's rule over all creation.
• 🔄 The divided kingdom began in 930 BC with the death of Solomon, leading to a civil conflict and the division into the northern and southern kingdoms, which lasted until their respective falls.
• 📉 The northern kingdom, also known as Israel or Samaria, fell to Assyria in 722 BC due to disobedience and was followed by a resettlement that led to a mixed ethnicity and syncretism of religion.
• 🏛 The southern kingdom, or Judah, fell to Babylon in 586 BC, marking a significant national tragedy with the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple, and the beginning of the Babylonian exile.
• 📚 The Babylonian exile had profound implications for the Jewish people, with key figures like Daniel and Ezekiel representing the period of captivity and the hope for restoration.
• 🌐 The concepts of king and kingdom developed during the united and divided kingdoms laid the groundwork for understanding Jesus' proclamation of the kingdom of God in the New Testament, which could refer to both an earthly and a divine rule.
• 🔮 The script emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between the human, political aspects of kingship and the spiritual, eternal nature of God's kingdom when interpreting the New Testament.

Q & A

What is the term 'United Kingdom' referring to in the context of Israelite history?

The 'United Kingdom' refers to the period of Israelite history between the reigns of Saul, including David, and through the reign of Solomon, where all 12 tribes of Israel were united under one king, from 1050 BC to 930 BC.

How is the idea of a king and kingdom first introduced in the Old Testament?

The idea of a king and kingdom is first introduced in the Old Testament in 1 Samuel 16:13, where Samuel anoints David with the spirit of the Lord, indicating that God's anointed king would be a spirit-empowered leader of Israel.

What is the significance of the Davidic kingdom mentioned in 2 Samuel 7:11-16?

The significance of the Davidic kingdom in 2 Samuel 7:11-16 is that it is promised to be established forever, highlighting the expectation of a kingdom that would continue indefinitely, despite the fact that no human king could fulfill this expectation on their own.

How does the concept of the kingdom of God relate to the idea of an earthly kingdom?

The concept of the kingdom of God goes beyond the idea of an earthly kingdom ruled by a human king. It encompasses a spiritual kingdom where God is king, with a universal and everlasting rule over all of creation.

What is the term used to describe the mixing of religions that occurred after the fall of the northern kingdom?

The term used to describe the mixing of religions after the fall of the northern kingdom is 'syncretism,' which refers to the blending of religious beliefs and practices.

What event marked the end of the northern kingdom, and what was the consequence for its people?

The fall of the northern kingdom, also known as Israel or Samaria, occurred in 722 BC when it was conquered by Assyria. The consequence was the captivity of the northern tribes, who never returned from Assyria and experienced a mixing of their ethnicity and religion.

What was the outcome of the fall of the southern kingdom of Judah in 586 BC?

The fall of the southern kingdom of Judah in 586 BC led to the Babylonian exile, where many Judeans were taken captive to Babylon, and Jerusalem, including the temple, was destroyed.

How did the concept of God's eternal kingdom manifest in the Old Testament?

The concept of God's eternal kingdom manifested in the Old Testament through various passages, such as Psalm 10:16 and Psalm 145, which attest to God's everlasting rule and dominion over all creation, not just Israel.

What is the significance of the Babylonian exile in the context of the Old Testament and its impact on the New Testament?

The Babylonian exile was a significant national tragedy that led to the end of the southern kingdom of Judah. It had a profound impact on the Old Testament as it marked the end of the Israelite monarchy and set the stage for the development of a more spiritual understanding of the kingdom of God, which is reflected in the New Testament.

How does the script connect the Old Testament expectations of a king and kingdom to the New Testament proclamation of the kingdom of God by Jesus?

The script connects the Old Testament expectations by highlighting how Jesus, as a spirit-anointed leader, fulfills the long-standing expectation of a kingdom established by God. It also emphasizes that the kingdom of God proclaimed by Jesus is not limited to an earthly kingdom but includes God's universal and eternal rule.

Outlines

00:00

👑 The United Kingdom of Israel

This paragraph introduces the concept of the United Kingdom in Israel's history, which is the period between the reigns of Saul and Solomon, spanning from 1050 BC to 930 BC. It emphasizes the significance of the 12 tribes of Israel being united under one king, reflecting the expectations of a kingdom as seen in Old Testament texts like First Samuel and Second Samuel. The anointing of David by Samuel signifies the divine appointment of a spirit-empowered leader, a theme that resonates in the New Testament with Jesus' anointing at his baptism, highlighting the fulfillment of the expectation of a spirit-anointed king.

05:00

🌏 The Kingdom of God: Earthly and Spiritual Realms

The second paragraph delves into the Old Testament expectations of a king and kingdom, which were both earthly and spiritual in nature. It discusses how Jesus' proclamation of the kingdom of God in Mark 1:15 connects to a long-standing Jewish expectation. The limitations of human kings are acknowledged, as none of their kingdoms lasted forever. The paragraph also explores the affirmation of God's eternal and universal kingdom, citing various Psalms and other books that attest to God's enduring rule over all creation, beyond the confines of a human kingdom.

10:02

🔄 The Divided Kingdom and the Fall of the North

This paragraph discusses the transition from the United Kingdom to the Divided Kingdom, beginning with the death of Solomon in 930 BC and the subsequent civil conflict between Rehoboam and Jeroboam. The division led to the separation of the northern and southern kingdoms, with the northern kingdom, also known as Israel or Samaria, enduring until its fall to Assyria in 722 BC due to disobedience. The fall resulted in the Assyrian captivity of the northern tribes, who never returned, and the introduction of syncretism, the mixing of religions, leading to the genesis of the Samaritans in the New Testament.

15:04

🏛️ The Fall of the Southern Kingdom and the Babylonian Exile

The final paragraph of the script addresses the fall of the southern kingdom, Judah, in 586 BC to the Babylonians, marking a significant national tragedy. The reasons for the exile are attributed to unfaithfulness and disobedience, leading to the destruction of Jerusalem, the temple, and the loss of many lives. Key figures like Daniel and Ezekiel were taken into captivity during this period. The paragraph concludes by setting the stage for the discussion of the Babylonian period and its implications for the New Testament in the subsequent video.

Keywords

💡United Kingdom

The term 'United Kingdom' in the script refers to the period of Israelite history when all 12 tribes were unified under a single king, starting with Saul and ending with Solomon, from 1050 BC to 930 BC. This era is significant as it represents the peak of Israel's political unity and power, with the king symbolizing divine leadership and the fulfillment of a long-standing expectation among the Israelites for a unified rule.

💡Davidic Kingdom

The 'Davidic Kingdom' is a specific reference to the reign of King David and his successors, characterized by the expectation of a perpetual kingdom as prophesied in the Old Testament. The script mentions how this kingdom was expected to endure forever, highlighting the theological significance and the deep-rooted hope among the Israelites for a divinely established and everlasting rule, which is also connected to the messianic expectations in the New Testament.

💡Syncretism

Syncretism, as discussed in the script, refers to the blending of different religious beliefs and practices, which occurred after the fall of the northern kingdom of Israel. The resettlement by the Assyrians led to a mixing of ethnicities and religions, resulting in the Samaritan religion, a hybrid form of Judaism. This concept is crucial for understanding the religious and cultural complexities that emerged during this period and its impact on the religious landscape of the region.

💡Babylonian Exile

The 'Babylonian Exile' marks a significant period in the script where the southern kingdom of Judah fell to Babylon in 586 BC, leading to the captivity of many Judeans. This event is portrayed as a national tragedy, resulting in the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple, and represents a turning point in Israel's history, prompting theological reflections on disobedience and the longing for restoration.

💡Divided Kingdom

The 'Divided Kingdom' describes the period following the death of Solomon when the once united kingdom of Israel split into two separate entities: the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. This division is a key historical event that led to distinct political, religious, and cultural developments in each kingdom, ultimately culminating in their respective falls to foreign empires.

💡Anointing

Anointing, as mentioned in the script, is a religious ceremony where a person is consecrated for divine service or leadership, often with oil. The anointing of David by Samuel signifies the divine appointment of a king, emphasizing the spiritual empowerment and authority of the leader. This concept is also reflected in the New Testament in the baptism of Jesus, indicating a fulfillment of the messianic prophecies.

💡Psalms

Psalms, in the script, are a collection of sacred hymns and poems from the Old Testament that express a wide range of emotions and themes, including the sovereignty of God, the endurance of His kingdom, and the hope for divine rule. They serve as a theological foundation for understanding the eternal and universal aspects of God's kingdom, transcending the temporal reigns of earthly kings.

💡Prophecy

Prophecy in the script refers to the divine messages or predictions about future events, often related to the establishment and perpetuity of the kingdom. The prophecies concerning the Davidic kingdom and the everlasting rule of God provide a theological framework for understanding the promises made to King David and the expectations of a messianic figure in the New Testament.

💡Kingdom of God

The 'Kingdom of God' is a central theme in the script, denoting the reign of God over all creation. It is presented as both an eternal and universal concept that goes beyond the temporal and geographical boundaries of the Israelite kingdoms. The proclamation of the kingdom of God by Jesus in the New Testament is deeply rooted in these Old Testament expectations, signifying a spiritual and divine rule rather than a mere earthly kingdom.

💡Exile

Exile, as discussed in the script, refers to the forced displacement of a people from their homeland due to conquest or punishment. The Babylonian exile of the Judeans is a significant event that led to profound theological and cultural changes, including the development of a diaspora community and a deepened sense of longing for restoration and the fulfillment of prophetic promises.

💡Messianic Expectations

Messianic Expectations in the script refer to the hopes and predictions of a future deliverer or savior, often associated with the line of King David. These expectations are deeply rooted in the Old Testament prophecies and are central to the New Testament's portrayal of Jesus as the Messiah, the ultimate fulfillment of the promises of a kingdom established by God.

Highlights

Introduction to the United Kingdom period of Israelite history, spanning from 1050 BC to 930 BC.

The United Kingdom refers to the era when all 12 tribes of Israel were united under one king.

The expectation of a spirit-anointed king over Israel is introduced in First Samuel 16:13.

Gospel stories begin with Jesus being spirit-anointed, fulfilling the expectation of a divine king.

Second Samuel 7 discusses the establishment of the Davidic kingdom and its eternal promise.

The human kings of Israel were unable to fulfill the full expectation of an eternal kingdom.

The Old Testament presents the idea of God's eternal and universal kingdom alongside the human kingdom.

Psalm verses attest to God's everlasting kingdom and rule over all nations.

The concept of syncretism, or the mixing of religions, arises from the fall of the northern kingdom.

The fall of the northern kingdom in 722 BC led to the Assyrian captivity and cultural assimilation.

The southern kingdom, Judah, ended in 586 BC with the Babylonian exile, a significant national tragedy.

The reasons for the fall of both the northern and southern kingdoms were unfaithfulness and disobedience.

The Babylonian exile marked the end of the southern kingdom and the destruction of Jerusalem's temple.

Daniel and Ezekiel were key figures taken into captivity during the Babylonian exile.

The fall of Jerusalem was a calamity due to its religious significance as the center of Israelite religion.

The video concludes with a preview of the next segment discussing the Babylonian period and its impact on the New Testament.

Transcripts

hello class

this is video 2 pertaining to

new testament 1 lesson 2 on the late old

testament and

intertestamental periods

we begin this segment of the

lecture on the topic of the united

kingdom

so finding your notes the

this place where we begin discussion of

the united kingdom

the united kingdom is a term

the alexa just sounded off so that's

what you heard there

the united kingdom is the period of

israelite history that occurs

between the reigns of saul including

david

and through the reign of solomon

those those

kings ruled from year 1050 bc

down to year 930 bc

and when we talk about the united

kingdom

we mean that all the tribes all the 12

tribes of israel are together under one

king

and that that king is ruling over israel

in the way that we would describe as a

kingdom

so the king and kingdom are ideas and

expectations

that we find in the life of israel

and they really begin to be

prominent during the times of saul

david and solomon we see some

old testament texts that speak of this

kind of expectation about king and

kingdom

first of all there's first samuel

chapter 16 verse 13

where we read so samuel took the heart

of oil

and anointed him david in the presence

of his brothers

and from that day on the spirit of the

lord came upon

david in power what we see in this

passage is the recognition

that god's anointed king over israel

would be a spirit empowered

leader of israel and

because of that kind of thing it's it's

no surprise

to see that the gospel stories begin

with an account of jesus being spirit

anointed

when he is baptized by john the baptist

so that jesus then is able to fulfill

the the expectation of a spirit

anointed king over god's kingdom

similarly in second samuel chapter 7

verses 11 through 16 we see reference

again to

the role of king and kingdom it says

these verses say i will establish his

kingdom

establish the throne of his kingdom

forever

my love will never be taken away from

him as i took it from saul

your house and your kingdom will endure

forever before me

your throne will be established forever

now these are words directed toward

david and saul of saul has already

proven

proven himself unfaithful and unfit for

office

and god's plan is to replace him with

david

but we see in this passage here how the

davidic

kingdom is something that's expected

to continue on forever and the word

forever is used three times in this

excerpt

of five verses and

we see from that that

when when we recognize that the the king

uh the kings of israel like saul

david and solomon and all of their

successors as well

none of those kings had a kingdom

that lasted forever they lasted for a

small period

of time just a matter of years or at

most decades

that their kingdom uh extended

so when we think of this promise we have

to think of the fact that

uh those human kings of the united

kingdom

were never able in themselves to fulfill

the full expectation of a passage like

this

we're reminded here that the ideas of

king and kingdom go together

a king being a human king over a

political earthly kingdom

they these two terms become

prime jewish political realities in the

life of the nation

and they extend to the future as

theological hopes

such old testament expectations gave

rise to the excitement

when jesus appeared and announced the

kingdom

of god has drawn near as we observe

from mark chapter 1 verse 15.

so jesus words connect to a

long-standing expectation

among the israelites that god would send

that king

and that king would implement a kingdom

but this idea of an earthly king a human

king

had its limitations as all of past

history demonstrated

as good as david was his kingdom did not

last forever

but we need to keep in mind in this

regard at the same time alongside of the

earthly political kingdom the old

testament gave evidence

that there was also an affirmation of

god's eternal kingdom

which would be a spiritual kingdom in

which god is king

and on your handout you will see that

there is a

a list of verses that attest to this

and so when we think of the proclamation

of the kingdom of god by jesus

we should not think of it merely in

terms

of a human king over an earthly kingdom

but there is also the the

necessity to keep in mind that all along

israel was aware of a larger

kingdom of god that wasn't embodied or

expressed only through a human king

reigning over a human kingdom examples

of this could be found in various books

for instance

psalm 10 verse 16 says

the lord is king forever and ever and

the nations will perish from his land

so here we see evidence that there was a

kingdom of god

both before and after david

in psalm 22 verse 28 the dominion

belongs to the lord and he rules over

nations

that is outside of israel and israel

so that the kingdom can't be just an

israeli thing

psalm 29 verse 10 the lord sits

enthroned

over the flood the lord is enthroned as

king forever

again much further

much more extensive than merely the

reigns of

of saul david and solomon and their

successors

psalm 45 verse 6 your throne o god will

last forever and ever

and a scepter of justice will be scepter

of your kingdom psalm 74 verse 12 but

you o lord are my king

from old you bring salvation upon the

earth

upon the earth not just upon israel

in his role as king psalm 103 verse 19

the lord has established his throne in

heaven and his kingdom rules over

all rules over all not just

over israel psalm 145 verse

11 they will tell the story of your

kingdom and speak of your might

uh large numbers of people psalm 145

verse 12

so that all men may know of your mighty

acts and all the glorious splendor of

your kingdom

all men psalm 145 verse 13

your kingdom is an everlasting kingdom

and your dominion endures through all

generations

the lord is faithful to all his promises

and loving toward

all he has made here we see

the kingdom is universal as well as the

kingdom being eternal

first chronicles 29 11 yours o lord

is the greatness and the power and the

glory and the majesty of the

and the splendor for everything in

heaven and earth is yours

yours oh lord is the kingdom you are

exalted as head over all

head over all not just over israel but

overall

uh that's a passage we use often in

benedictions

uh in church life even today another

passage isaiah 33 verse 22

for the lord is our judge the lord is

our lawgiver the lord is our king

it is he who will save us

daniel 9 6 verse 26 i issue a decree

that in every part of my kingdom

people must fear and reverence the god

of daniel

for he is the living god and he endures

forever

his kingdom will not be destroyed his

dominion

will never end there again in the

context of daniel in the babylonian

exile

we see coming from a non-jewish source

the idea that god's kingdom reaches far

beyond

israel in time and space

lastly there's zechariah chapter 14

verse 9

which says the lord will be king over

the whole earth

on that day there will be one lord

so these are enough of

of the examples that we need to indicate

that

even though israelite history

had a david and his successors

that became the prime example of a human

king ruling over a human kingdom

that at the same time israel was aware

that god was the ultimate king that his

kingdom was universal

at least in potential and his kingdom

was everlasting

we need to keep those two images and

conceptions of the kingdom in mind as we

come to jesus

in the new testament when a passage

talks about the kingdom of god

are we talking about an earthly human

ruler over a political entity

or are we talking about a proclamation

of god's universal eternal

rule over all of his creation

so the key idea that we get from the

united

kingdom period of the old testament

is this idea that develops concerning

king and kingdom

now we move on to the next phase of

old testament history which is the

divided kingdom

this begins in year 930 bc

with the death of solomon and what takes

place

following his death so the divided

kingdom commences

after the death of solomon the king

it begins with the civil conflict that

began

with rehoboam in the south the

son of solomon and

jeroboam in the north who was not a son

of solomon these two entered into

conflict

and it led to a division of the once

united kingdom

into two parts the north and the south

and the north continues on from

930 bc down to 722 bc

for a little over 200 years

and at 722 bc they

have in history what we call the fall of

the north

now the north could also be called

israel it could be called

samaria but in 722

the north falls and there are a number

of reasons

that are given for the fall of the north

but they basically pertain to

uh their disobedience and of

not only the the people but specifically

the disobedience of the kings that led

israel in the north uh they're taken

the north is taken captive by assyria

and these northern tribes were which

were basically

ten tribes maybe ten and a half tribes

uh these northern tribes of jews never

return

from the captivity in assyria

and on your hand out of giving you all

the passages that you can look at

in order to read those particular

details of why it happens and

uh the fact that they don't return

during this period of time in the north

after

722 bc the assyrians

get involved in a resettlement of that

territory

and they they bring in people and they

bring in other religions

and the resettlement of samaria by

outsiders

brings what we would call a mixed

ethnicity

so non-jewish people are mixed with

jewish people

and so you have hybrids or you have

mestizos and mestizas if we use a

philippine term

and the samaritans become known

for that kind of mixed ethnicity

along with the mixing of their blood

came the mixing of their religion and

the word we use to describe

mixing of religion is the word

syncretism

and that is spelled s-y-n-c-r-e-t-i-s-m

syncretism that is a word that means

mixing of religions

and what we have that results

in the samaritan type of people

from this period also

results in the samaritan religion

which is kind of a hybrid of the jewish

faith

by the time we get to the new testament

so syncretism the mixing of religions

occurs

and this is the genesis of the

samaritans

in the new testament this is all traced

back to

the the fall of the northern kingdoms

uh kingdom and the northern tribes 722

bc

and what happens ethnically for people

in the north at that point

you once united kingdom divided into two

the north

and the south the south came to an end

in 586 bc the south

in the biblical books that describe this

era of

time the south will be described as

judah

judah it goes by the name of the primary

tribe

and the primary location of the south

so that the city of jerusalem

is associated with judah and

the kingship and so forth and so even

though the

the greater number of tribes populate

the north

a smaller number of tribes

describe the south and it goes by this

term judah representing the tribe

of the king of israel so in 586 there's

the fall of the south

judah and the south falls

to a different outside

force an outsider gentile country

and that is babylon so the babylonian

exile begins in 586 bc

and we can read in second kings and

ezekiel

and the other books from around that

period of time

what were the reasons for the exile

but they're basically the same thing

unfaithfulness

disobedience on the part of the king

but also on the part of the the priests

and the religious leaders

but the people who follow them into

idolatry and disobedience

during this time when the southern

kingdom ends at 586

many judeans were taken into captivity

in babylon and two of the primary

figures

of the old testament who were taken into

captivity

were daniel and ezekiel

the two men for which we have books

with their name on it in our old

testament

but this was a national tragedy of

immense

proportions because it was the

the final destruction and the final end

of the southern kingdom of judah

occurred along with a great amount of

famine

uh the death of many leaders both

both priests and and civil leaders

there was a fire that was sent to the

temple

and they broke down the walls of

jerusalem and they looted the temple

and just many many many people were

killed

when the babylonians finally ended

that era of the divided kingdom in the

south

and it was a national calamity unlike

anything that had happened in the past

well yes the north had already fallen

many years before but remember

in the north that wasn't a place that

included

the capital of jerusalem where the

temple was

and which was the center of israelite

religion when jerusalem

fell it was much worse

for the nation of israel so at this

point we've sketched

some of the developments of both the

divided kingdom

and the united kingdom this is the

end of the second video in

the third video we will begin with a

discussion of the babylonian period

and certain developments that

pertain to the new testament that come

out of the babylonian period