1 - Programming Concepts
Summary
TLDRIn this introductory video lecture, Angelito Onan Junior, also known as Sergeant, outlines the basics of programming concepts in CC 101. He covers the definitions of software and hardware, identifies programmer types, explains problem-solving steps, introduces programming elements, and discusses programming paradigms. The video aims to provide a foundational understanding of how software makes computers intelligent and the essential components of programming, including input, data, operations, output, conditional and unconditional execution, loops, and subroutines, all within various programming styles.
Takeaways
- π The video is an introductory lesson on programming concepts, specifically for CC 101 unit 1.
- π The first lesson defines software and hardware, and explains their roles in making computers function as intelligent machines.
- π¨βπ» It identifies two types of programmers: system programmers who create system software, and application programmers who develop applications for users.
- π‘ Software is a collection of instructions that tells the computer what to do, including applications like Microsoft Word, Photoshop, and device drivers.
- π§ Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the mouse, keyboard, and monitor.
- π Problem-solving in programming involves steps like planning, analysis, design, development, testing, debugging, and documentation.
- π’ Programming involves elements such as input, data, operations, output, conditional execution, loops, and subroutines which are essential for creating software.
- π The script explains that input is data entered by the user, data is where input is stored, and output is the result of processing the input.
- π Operations include mathematical, relational, and logical operations that manipulate data.
- π Loops are used to execute a set of instructions repeatedly until a condition is met, making the code more efficient.
- π Subroutines or functions are smaller programs within a larger program that can be called upon to perform specific tasks.
- π¨ Programming paradigms are different styles or methods of programming, such as procedural, object-oriented, modular, and data abstraction.
Q & A
What are the main topics covered in Unit 1 of the CC 101 course?
-Unit 1 of the CC 101 course covers programming concepts, including the definition of software and hardware, types of programmers, steps of problem-solving, elements of programming, and classification of programming paradigms.
What is the difference between system programmers and application programmers?
-System programmers focus on creating software that manages and controls computer systems, such as operating systems and system utilities. Application programmers, on the other hand, develop software designed to perform specific tasks, like database applications, web applications, and games.
How do software and hardware interact in a computer system?
-Software provides instructions for the computer's hardware to perform specific tasks. The hardware, such as the CPU, mouse, or keyboard, is the physical component, while the software, like an operating system or application, enables the hardware to function and perform tasks.
What are the steps involved in problem-solving in programming?
-The steps in problem-solving include planning, analysis, design, development, testing and debugging, and documentation. Each step helps ensure that the software effectively solves the intended problem.
What are the elements of programming discussed in Unit 1?
-The elements of programming discussed include input, data, operations, output, conditional execution, loops, and subroutines (functions or modules). These elements are fundamental to writing and understanding programs.
Can you explain the role of conditional execution in programming?
-Conditional execution allows a program to make decisions based on certain conditions, using constructs like if-else statements and switch cases. It helps control the flow of the program by executing specific code only when certain conditions are met.
What is a subroutine, and why is it important in programming?
-A subroutine, also known as a function or module, is a block of code designed to perform a specific task within a program. It helps break down large programs into smaller, more manageable sections, making the code easier to understand, maintain, and reuse.
How do loops function in programming, and what is their purpose?
-Loops in programming allow a set of instructions to be executed repeatedly until a specific condition is met. They are used to automate repetitive tasks, such as iterating through a list or generating a series of numbers.
What are some examples of application software mentioned in the lecture?
-Examples of application software mentioned include Microsoft Word, Photoshop, games, and video editing software. These applications are designed to perform specific tasks, such as word processing, photo editing, and entertainment.
What are programming paradigms, and what are some examples?
-Programming paradigms are styles or approaches to programming that dictate how code is structured and organized. Examples include object-oriented programming, procedural programming, modular programming, and data abstraction.
Outlines
π Introduction to Programming Concepts
The instructor, Angelito Onan Junior, introduces the first lesson on programming concepts in CC 101. The unit covers basic fundamentals such as defining software and hardware, identifying programmer types, explaining problem-solving steps, identifying programming elements, and classifying programming paradigms. The role of software in making computers intelligent is highlighted, with examples of various software applications and their specific tasks. The importance of understanding both the software and hardware components of a computer system is emphasized.
π¨βπ» Understanding Programmers and Their Roles
This paragraph delves into the types of programmers, distinguishing between system programmers who create solutions for specific problems and application programmers who focus on different areas such as database applications, web applications, game development, and micro-device programming. The importance of each programmer's role in the development of software that interacts with hardware is underscored, with a brief mention of the languages and tools they might use.
π₯οΈ The Essence of Hardware in Computing
Hardware is defined as the physical and tangible components of a computer system, including input devices like a mouse and keyboard, output devices such as monitors and speakers, and storage devices. The paragraph explains how hardware is categorized and the significance of each category in the functioning of a computer. The necessity of device drivers as a type of software that allows communication between hardware and applications is also discussed.
π οΈ Steps in Problem Solving and Programming
The paragraph outlines the steps involved in problem solving within programming, which include planning, analysis, design, development, testing, debugging, and documentation. Each step is crucial for creating a solution to a problem, from understanding the requirements in the analysis phase to refining the program through testing and debugging. The importance of documentation for users and teams to manage or track systems is highlighted.
π‘ Key Elements of Programming
This section introduces the fundamental elements of programming, such as input, data, operations, output, conditional and unconditional execution, loops, and subroutines. Each element is essential for writing code that can process data and perform tasks. The explanation provides a basic understanding of how these elements work together in programming, with examples like the difference between input types and how loops can be used to execute instructions repeatedly.
π The Power of Subroutines and Functions
Subroutines, functions, or modules are highlighted as vital components in programming that allow for the breaking down of large programs into smaller, more manageable parts. The paragraph gives an example of how a common task like producing a time output can be turned into a function to avoid repetition and improve efficiency in coding. This concept is foundational for creating clean, organized, and reusable code.
π¨ Exploring Programming Paradigms
The final topic of the script discusses programming paradigms, which are the different styles or methods used in programming. The paragraph introduces several paradigms, including object-oriented, procedural, modular, and data abstraction, and emphasizes that these paradigms offer various approaches to writing and organizing code. The most common paradigms, procedural and object-oriented programming, are highlighted, setting the stage for further exploration in subsequent lessons.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Software
π‘Hardware
π‘Programmers
π‘Problem Solving
π‘Elements of Programming
π‘Programming Paradigms
π‘Conditional Execution
π‘Loops
π‘Subroutine
π‘Object-Oriented Programming
π‘Procedural Programming
Highlights
Introduction to programming concepts in CC 101 with a focus on basic fundamentals.
Definition of software and hardware and their roles in a computer system.
Identification of various types of programmers, including system and application programmers.
Explanation of the steps involved in problem-solving in programming.
Discussion on the elements of programming, such as input, data, operations, output, conditional execution, loops, and subroutines.
Importance of software in making computers intelligent machines.
Examples of software applications like Microsoft Word, calculator, and Photoshop.
Differentiation between system and application software and their functionalities.
The role of device drivers as a type of software in enabling hardware interaction.
Hardware components as the physical parts of a computer system, including input and output devices.
The process of programming, from planning to documentation.
The significance of documentation in programming for user and team management.
Introduction to the concept of programming paradigms, including procedural and object-oriented.
Explanation of the programming paradigm 'procedural' and its common usage.
Discussion on 'object-oriented' programming and its approach to software design.
Overview of other programming paradigms such as modular and data abstraction.
Conclusion of Unit 1 with a summary of the key points covered in the lecture.
Transcripts
hello everyone this is your instructor
angelito onan junior or sergeant
and um we're going to talk about in this
video
the first lesson
with regards satin subject na cc 101
so in unit 1 we will going to discuss
the programming concepts
it is all about uh
basic fundamentals
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so
unit 1 has
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lessons or learning objectives okay so
uh
first we will define software and
hardware
then
we will going to identify types of
programmers
next is i'm going to explain to you the
steps
of uh problem solving
then identify the elements of
programming
and lastly
classify
the programming paradigms
okay
um
computers seems a pretty intelligent
machine
so
we use
computers
from our
from daily basis
so
we use computers
in a lot of things
from businesses education
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entertainment you know
and
some sort of stuff and also
non-computer
and computers become intelligent machine
because of its software
i know the samantha moana software name
like building computer name and of
course the hardware itself
so
pretty much useless and some computer
lang software
software
and likewise also made you my hero
gaming computer
incorporates
hardware
so software uh are uh
created using a collection of codes
that uh
instruct the computer
on what it will do
and then basically
the people who write program codes and
then
we have a physical component of of a
computer system
in international
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we need to uh analyze it first
you need to resolve nothing a problem
so there's a step-by-step approach to
that uh
that we will going to discuss it later
elements of programming we will going to
tackle that also
where in the these are the ingredients
to all programming matters
program and then lastly uh we have
programming paradigm
we're in pakistan paradigm etienne
technique
style
on how you do it okay so basically
why we use
techniques why we use style we will
going to have a
more
insights with regards to this uh topic
later on
so starting with the monetary software
software uh it consists
of a list of instructions
uh pretty much useless and it's a
computer google action software and
let's say
we have microsoft word
that is an example of a software
microsoft word calculator calendar
games
uh
video editing software
i know photoshop yamaha and also those
are software
and
uh
meron silang about software has a
capability or
there is a
specific task nagi nagawang is some
particular software so let's say
pagasana be not in photoshop so
photoshop is good for
editing
pictures enhancing pictures enhancing
photos
so
uh photoshop
um
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uh
editing photos so there is a specific
and also
it consists of list of instructions
they are the reason why we can
communicate on our uh hardware so let's
say for example this mouse
and so it almost
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it is because there is a software
like papaganasanya attentive not induced
software and to be specific issuing
device drivers or drivers
so hindi in your application
for example you if you have a uh
led
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notification bar mo nah installing
hardware alligator no no installing
device drivers so you know
device drivers
software is also the reason why we can
use application like word calendar
calculator games etc
so don't be confused word
calendar
calculator
games and
other software
our
uh application
software denzela
uh software dinda
come back
application
okay
system and operating system is also a
software
okay so an operating system reacts as a
bridge between
applications
and then dunsa users paranaga gum it not
encela i know and then some other
software can contain data okay so yeah c
software
now let's proceed to
programmers
there are two types of programmers
number one
we have system programmers
and then we have application programmers
system programmers those are programmers
okay so by the way you know
pakistan programmers again
those are people who write codes silent
and software and not actually
uh on programmers for hindi language
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micro device
programmers okay so again uh
system programmers
of sale enrollment system inventory
system i know or they are
giving solution to a specific problem
let's say for example
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order
they will going to create a tracking
order system
some sort of that
now uh application programmers on the
other hand has uh
types in it and also
event types
uh we have database application
programmers that focuses on creating
database applications
we have web application programmers
website or web-based application then we
have game developers and lastly you'll
not bang it nothing anina you micro
device
programmers okay so on micro device
programmers
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uh the good example is you
you know program number
cpu
or you insert a central processing unit
or you own processor
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okay
so
hardware this is uh
pretty much
obvious
some hardware because
why obvious because it is the physical
or the tangible parts of a computer
like mouse
keyboard
monitor
printer
scanner
speaker
and many more
uh
hardware categorizes
this
input device or
output device and then we have also what
we call
storage devices and so
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they are storage devices capable
to uh handle or to keep data
this device
um
doing some input device and output
device
so again hardware those are physical or
tangible parts of a computer
let's proceed to uh problem solving okay
so in problem solving
uh
there are steps
in uh again in uh
creating a solution
to solve a
problem these steps in programming
compose of planning
analysis
design
development
testing and debugging and then we uh we
have the uh what we called documentation
yeah so they are pointing towards in
uh
documentation so
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in analysis in analysis phase since we
prove
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magnetorna application or non-system
naganito
so
analysis
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analysis phase
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nah requirements
application okay so uh imagine like this
and also
program
uh so
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something like that and then hindi
language graphical user interface naka
focus on design now focus
on a database
and also database
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and then
once now we have a design and then a
plan
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we will going to develop it and also
hypo
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these are the steps in programming and
hindi language
once now we build knockback program
phase which is international
testing and debugging so testing and
debugging
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so those are uh steps in programming
problem solving
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inventory
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software we're going to plan it first
analysis design development and then
kapaka testing
on documentation and then on
documentation
for the user
or for the team i know hindi lamp is a
user for the team to manage or to track
system
so
documentation
owner's manual and a step-by-step
procedure
by installation
and also
in update not in detail
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reviews application something like that
okay so those are steps in programming
now let's proceed to elements of
programming or the ingredients
sa programming okay
so programming
if you experience how to program an
american in a variable constant
if else i know s
okay so number one uh the first element
programming is international
input
wherein these are the data
that you type
na kinlik nang song mouse
okay then again input say some sensor
for example
okay so unimating
input okay so for example right click
different and right clicks are left
click
but gonna type canon letter a in a small
letter
that is different from uppercase letter
a
okay so you knew manga another
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okay data
it is a place to keep the
input okay so
uh
for example you letters nathan latina
type nothing
string let's say for example string a
string is uh
a word i know it's a word it's a
combination of alpha numeric characters
once we keep it okay again antagonite is
data
now
we have operations
mathematical operations
relational and logical operators
it is a pretty much you know plus minus
divide multiplication
and then we have the modulo as you know
percentage
sign young in a gamut nothing
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is for uh getting the remainder okay so
don't worry about it on
unit 2
you will going to learn how to use
modulo
we have relational and logical operators
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by less than or greater than greater
than or equal to not equal to
manga
is mathematical operator a mathematical
relational logical those are all
operations
okay so the next one is the output okay
at the since stored iodide we have input
and then we store it nagging data
we keep it and then once nama extract
is output
okay so
one example
let's say
it's a
calculator type 1
and then you use operations like
mathematical operations plus
minus divide multiply
and then you input
uh the second number let's say one type
of skin like
plus that was in like nationality one
the output will be
uh
two thereby so in tune when you extract
the data that means that is the output
okay so
conditional execution number five
unconditional execution po it is uh
help us to manipulate the uh data
and also since conditional it you own
lithium-ion if else statement and now we
have switch
we have switch case national work then
it
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execution
and then don't worry about this guys you
know uh
these elements of programming this is a
pure introductory so
uh my point in here is to uh enlighten
to you now manga uh gagamite nathan in
the future i know so we will going to
have uh in-depth discussion with regards
to this programming of elements of
programming rather
then we have loops
and loops boys uh it can execute a set
of instructions until meet
this specific condition so
uh instead now guma gamma
we will go into output
1 to 30 for example
1 to 31
drop down list box for example
and also
drop down this box
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we have a month
day and then year so young day
millionaire and then 131
so do somebody want to 31 instead of uh
typing one two three four five six seven
eight nine up to thirty one so puppeteer
time is
we will going to use small lines of code
not effective
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and last international
subroutine it is the process of breaking
large program
and turning it into uh sub programs
so let's say for example
uh
program and then every time nagina
government program nato
neglect
header for example the republic of the
philippines nueva university of science
and technology cabana tuan city college
of information and communications
technology
so let's say for example every time the
produce time output lagging
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since it is a function i know it's a
function
subroutine
module
again
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so that is an example of a subroutine
again the seven elements of our
programming
are
input
we have data
we have uh operations
we have uh output conditional execution
loops and lastly we have the subroutine
or function or module
okay so this is the last topic nah the
discussion uh the discus not indeed
the programming paradigm programming
paradigm or paradigm it is simply the
style i know you method
or
on how to uh program actually there are
many paradigms
object oriented
okay we have procedural
we have uh modular
data abstraction in your magnet gamut
nothing and many more actually
programmed paradigm so the point is
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nato i know so but
uh for you to have an introductory in
programming paradigm
uh we we use it different style no
program uh for collaboration i know
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you know
let's say for example object oriented or
modular
nothing has
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so again different programming paradigms
are
object-oriented
modular data abstraction
and then procedural yeah so the most
common one in procedural and then
object-oriented programming so
uh
i think that's uh pretty much it for
this uh lecture video that is the end of
unit one the programming concepts i hope
that you learned something in this video
and
see you on the
unit 2.
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