Action and Reaction: Newton’s Third Law (updated)

Summary

Newton's third law of motion, the principle of action and reaction, is elegantly explained through relatable examples. The script illustrates how rockets ascend by expelling gas downwards, creating an upward thrust. Similarly, it explains how jumping and swimming are influenced by the law, with the force exerted being met with an equal and opposite reaction. This fundamental concept is omnipresent in our daily lives, as demonstrated by the script, which invites viewers to explore further on GCF Global's website.

Takeaways

• 📚 Newton's third law of motion is also known as the Law of Action and Reaction.
• 🔄 For every force exerted on an object, there is an equal and opposite force exerted back.
• 🚀 Rockets work on this principle, expelling gas downwards to create an upward thrust that propels them into space.
• 🦿 Resistance from the second object is a key part of the interaction, ensuring the force applied is met with an equal reaction.
• 🏃 When a person jumps, they push against the ground, and the ground pushes back with an equal force, propelling them upward.
• 💪 The force applied by an object is directly related to the movement it achieves; more force results in greater movement.
• 🏊 Swimming is an example of how force applied to water propels a swimmer faster and further.
• 🌌 Newton's third law is a universal principle observable in various everyday activities and phenomena.
• 🔍 The script encourages further exploration of Newton's laws through a tutorial on GCF Global's website.
• 🌐 GCF Global is an organization focused on creating opportunities for a better life through education.

Q & A

What is Newton's third law of motion?

Newton's third law of motion, also known as the law of action and reaction, states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that whenever an object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction.

How does Newton's third law apply to rocket propulsion?

In rocket propulsion, Newton's third law is applied through the expulsion of gas downwards from the rocket's engine. This action generates thrust, which is the reaction force that propels the rocket upwards into space.

What is the relationship between the force applied by an object and its movement?

According to the script, the force applied by an object is directly related to its movement. The greater the force, the greater the movement or jump height, as seen in the example of Joan jumping into the air.

How does the script illustrate the concept of action and reaction in the context of swimming?

The script uses swimming as an example to illustrate action and reaction. A leisurely stroke in the water results in less force being exerted, which in turn means less movement. Conversely, pushing the water with more effort results in a greater force propelling the swimmer faster and further.

What is the significance of the equal and opposite forces in Newton's third law?

The significance of equal and opposite forces in Newton's third law is that they ensure the conservation of momentum. This principle is fundamental in understanding how forces interact and affect the motion of objects.

Can you provide an example from the script that demonstrates the concept of resistance in Newton's third law?

An example from the script is when an object pushes against a second object, there is resistance from the second object returning the same amount of force. This demonstrates the concept of action and reaction where the resistance is the reaction force.

What does the script suggest about the relationship between the force exerted and the distance traveled in a swimming pool?

The script suggests that the greater the force exerted by a swimmer on the water, the faster and further they will travel in the pool, illustrating a direct relationship between force and distance.

How does the script use the rocket example to explain Newton's third law?

The script uses the rocket example to show that the force exerted by the expelled gas (action) results in an equal and opposite thrust (reaction) that propels the rocket into space, clearly demonstrating Newton's third law.

What is the purpose of the tutorial mentioned in the script?

The purpose of the tutorial mentioned in the script is to provide a comprehensive understanding of Newton's laws of motion, with a focus on the third law as described in the transcript.

Where can one find more information about Newton's laws of motion as mentioned in the script?

More information about Newton's laws of motion can be found on the GCF Global website, as mentioned in the script.

What is the connection between Newton's third law and the concept of conservation of momentum?

The connection between Newton's third law and the conservation of momentum is that the law ensures that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant. The equal and opposite forces ensure that the sum of the momenta of the interacting objects does not change.

Outlines

00:00

🚀 Newton's Third Law: Action and Reaction

This paragraph introduces Newton's third law of motion, often referred to as the law of action and reaction. It explains that for every force exerted by an object on another, there is an equal and opposite force exerted in return. The paragraph uses the example of a rocket being propelled into space by expelling gas downwards, which in turn generates an upward thrust due to the equal and opposite reaction. Another example given is of a person jumping, where the force exerted on the ground is met with an equal force propelling the person upward. The concept is further illustrated with swimming, where more forceful strokes result in faster and farther movement. The paragraph concludes by inviting viewers to learn more about Newton's laws on the GCF Global website.

Keywords

💡Newton's Third Law of Motion

Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This law is a fundamental principle in physics and is used to explain the interactions between objects. In the video, it is discussed in the context of how forces work, such as in rocket propulsion and jumping, where one object exerts a force and another object exerts an equal and opposite force in response.

💡Action and Reaction

Action and reaction refer to the two forces described by Newton's Third Law. When one object exerts a force (action) on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force (reaction) back on the first object. The video uses examples like a rocket engine expelling gas and a person jumping to illustrate how action and reaction forces work together to produce movement.

💡Force

Force is a push or pull exerted on an object, and it is a key concept in understanding Newton's laws of motion. The video explains how force is necessary to move objects, such as in the case of a rocket needing force to propel into space or a person needing force to jump. The amount of force applied affects the resulting movement, such as how much the rocket ascends or how high the person jumps.

💡Resistance

Resistance refers to the opposing force that an object exerts in response to an applied force. In the context of the video, when one object pushes against another, the second object resists by exerting an equal and opposite force. This resistance is crucial for understanding why objects move or remain stationary when forces act upon them.

💡Rocket Propulsion

Rocket propulsion is the mechanism by which a rocket is propelled into space. The video explains that this is achieved by expelling gas downwards, which, according to Newton's Third Law, generates an equal and opposite force that pushes the rocket upward. This example is used to illustrate how action and reaction forces enable the rocket to overcome Earth's gravity and reach space.

💡Thrust

Thrust is the force that propels an object forward, such as the force generated by a rocket engine. In the video, thrust is created by expelling gas downward, which then pushes the rocket upward. Thrust is an example of the application of Newton's Third Law, where the action of expelling gas results in the reaction of the rocket being pushed upward.

💡Momentum

Momentum is the quantity of motion an object has, which depends on its mass and velocity. In the video, momentum is mentioned in the context of jumping, where a person's legs push against the ground, creating momentum that propels them upward. The video explains that the amount of force applied affects the momentum and therefore the height of the jump.

💡Swimming Pool Example

The swimming pool example in the video illustrates Newton's Third Law by showing how different amounts of force applied during swimming affect the swimmer's speed and distance. By pushing the water with more force, a swimmer propels themselves faster and further, demonstrating the relationship between action (pushing water) and reaction (the water pushing back).

💡Equal and Opposite Reaction

An equal and opposite reaction is the principle that for every action force, there is a reaction force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction. This concept is central to the video’s theme, as it is the foundation of Newton's Third Law. The video provides multiple examples, such as rocket propulsion and jumping, to show how this principle is observed in everyday life.

💡Jumping

Jumping is used in the video as an example to explain Newton's Third Law. When a person jumps, they push down on the ground with their legs (action), and the ground pushes back with an equal and opposite force (reaction), causing them to lift off the ground. The height of the jump depends on the amount of force applied, illustrating the practical application of the law.

Highlights

Newton's third law of motion, also known as the Law of Action and Reaction, states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

When an object exerts force on another, the second object resists with an equal force in the opposite direction.

Rockets are propelled into space by expelling gas downwards, generating thrust according to Newton's third law.

The expelled gas exerts a force on the rocket, resulting in an upward force that propels it into space.

Joan's example illustrates how jumping involves pushing against the ground, which in turn pushes her upward with an equal force.

The height of Joan's jump is directly proportional to the force she applies with her legs.

Swimming provides an analogy to Newton's third law, where pushing water harder results in faster and farther movement.

Effort in swimming translates to greater propulsion, allowing one to reach the other side of the pool more quickly.

Newton's third law is observable in everyday activities, such as swimming, where force and reaction are easily witnessed.

The tutorial explains how Newton's laws of motion are applicable to various real-world scenarios.

GCF Global offers a full tutorial on Newton's laws of motion for a comprehensive understanding.

The tutorial aims to create opportunities for a better understanding of fundamental physical principles.

The importance of understanding Newton's third law for practical applications in various fields is emphasized.

The transcript provides a clear explanation of the concept of action and reaction in Newton's third law.

Examples in the transcript help to clarify the abstract concept of Newton's third law, making it more relatable.

The tutorial encourages further learning by directing interested individuals to GCF Global's website.

GCF Global's mission is to create opportunities for a better life through education, including understanding Newton's laws.

Transcripts

Newton's third law of

motion this is often called The Law of

action and

reaction according to Newton for every

action there is an equal and opposite

reaction whenever an object pushes or

presses against a second object there is

resistance from it returning the same

amount of

force object one must apply enough Force

to make object two move let's take a

look at a few examples in order for

Rockets to reach space they need to be

propelled with a lot of force their

engine is designed to expel gas

downwards generating the needed thrust

The Expelled gas exerts a force on the

rocket following Newton's third law of

motion every action has an equal and

opposite

reaction this leads to the rocket

experiencing an upward Force which

propels it into space

let's consider another example when Joan

jumps into the air it's her feet sending

the force or momentum down the action is

pushing the ground with her legs and the

ground's reaction is to return that

force and push her upward sort of like

the rocket since the action or Force has

an equal and opposite reaction if she

just uses a little force her jump won't

be as

high

think about being in a swimming pool if

you do a more leisurely stroke you won't

travel very far but if you start to push

the water with more effort that force

will Propel you faster and further and

soon you'll find that you've made it to

the other side of the pool this sums up

Newton's third law of motion which we

can see in action all around us to learn

more about all three laws check out the

full tutorial on our website at GCF

global.org

GCF Global creating opportunities for a

better

life