Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person:Q1 Module 2- Distinguishing opinion from truth

Summary

This video lesson, 'Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person,' guides high school students in discerning truth from opinion. It emphasizes the importance of philosophy for critical thinking and problem-solving, especially in uncertain times. The lesson explores definitions of knowledge, ideas, and beliefs, and outlines methods to verify truth, such as examining the nature of knowledge, using senses, relying on facts, consensus, action, and testing for validity. It distinguishes facts, which are observable and measurable, from opinions, which are subjective and personal, encouraging students to develop analytical and listening skills to better understand the world around them.

Takeaways

• 📚 The class is about 'Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person', focusing on distinguishing opinion from truth.
• 🧐 The importance of discerning factual ideas for truthful judgment is emphasized, highlighting the development of wisdom and understanding of truth.
• 🤔 Philosophy is derived from the Greek 'philos' (love) and 'sophia' (wisdom), and it involves the study of ultimate causes and principles of all things.
• 💡 Philosophy helps in critical analysis, interpretation of concepts, and improves problem-solving and decision-making skills.
• 🌐 In modern society, uncertainty is high, and distinguishing truth from opinion is crucial for coping with difficult circumstances.
• 📉 High uncertainty affects employment, finances, economy, and health, leading to stress and a lack of direction in life.
• 🗣️ Philosophers use the concept of truth to cope with problems, considering truth as a quality or value that informs most decisions.
• 📝 Propositions are short statements expressing judgments or opinions, and distinguishing them from truth is part of philosophizing.
• 🔍 Knowledge is justified true belief, and understanding the nature of knowledge is essential to distinguish truth from opinion.
• 👀 Ways to determine truth include examining the nature of knowledge, using senses, basing on facts, deriving from consensus, proving through action, and testing for validity.
• 💭 Opinions are personal beliefs or judgments influenced by feelings, thoughts, and values, and they cannot be tested by concrete evidence.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of the video lesson on 'Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person'?

The main purpose of the video lesson is to help students learn how to distinguish opinion from truth and to discern factual ideas as bases for truthful judgment.

Why is it important for high school students to deepen their knowledge in philosophy?

It is important for high school students to deepen their knowledge in philosophy to improve their critical analysis, interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problem-solving and decision-making skills.

What does the term 'philosophy' mean and where does it originate from?

The term 'philosophy' comes from the Greek word 'philos' meaning love, and 'sophia' meaning wisdom. It is applied to any study or discipline to investigate the ultimate causes and principles of all things.

How does philosophy help us in our everyday situations?

Philosophy helps us in our everyday situations by enabling critical analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems, thus improving problem-solving and decision-making.

What is the relationship between the mindset of a person and coping with difficult circumstances?

The mindset of a person is key to coping with difficult circumstances, as it influences how one feels safe and maintains a sense of control over their life despite uncertainties and challenges.

What is a proposition in the context of philosophy and how is it related to truth?

A proposition is a short sentence, statement, or assertion that expresses a judgment or opinion. In philosophy, understanding and distinguishing opinion from truth involves evaluating whether propositions are true or false.

What are the different aspects of knowledge that contribute to the understanding of truth?

The different aspects of knowledge that contribute to the understanding of truth include reality-based observations, justification through belief, experience, and reasoning.

How can we determine if a statement is a fact or an opinion?

A statement can be determined as a fact if it is based on direct evidence, actual experience, or observation, and is well-supported by available evidences. An opinion is a personal belief or judgment that is subjective and not well-supported by concrete evidence.

What are some of the ways philosophers determine truth and distinguish it from opinion?

Philosophers determine truth and distinguish it from opinion by examining the nature of knowledge, justifying through the use of senses, basing on facts, deriving from consensus, proving through actions, and subjecting claims to tests for their validity.

Why is it important to distinguish between fact and opinion in our modern society?

Distinguishing between fact and opinion is important in our modern society to navigate the uncertainty and information overload, especially during crises, and to make informed decisions based on verified and reliable information.

How can the ability to distinguish fact from opinion help in developing critical analytical and listening skills?

The ability to distinguish fact from opinion helps in developing critical analytical and listening skills by enabling individuals to evaluate statements for their objectivity, evidence support, and truthfulness, thus improving their discernment in reading and listening.

Outlines

00:00

🎓 Introduction to Philosophy and Distinguishing Truth

This paragraph introduces the video lesson on the philosophy of the human person, focusing on the distinction between opinion and truth. It emphasizes the importance of discerning factual ideas for making truthful judgments. The lesson aims to help students, particularly senior high school students, deepen their philosophical knowledge and improve problem-solving and decision-making skills. The concept of philosophy is explored, highlighting its Greek origins and its application in various disciplines to investigate the ultimate causes and principles of all things.

05:02

🔍 Understanding Knowledge, Ideas, Beliefs, and Truth

This paragraph delves into the concepts of knowledge, ideas, and beliefs, explaining how they are derived from experiences and reasoning. It distinguishes truth from opinion by stating that truth is based on reality and observable facts, whereas opinions are personal views that cannot be empirically tested. The paragraph outlines various philosophical methods for determining truth, including examining the nature of knowledge, using senses, relying on facts, consensus, and testing for validity. It also provides examples to illustrate how these methods can be applied in everyday life.

10:04

🏀 Practical Approaches to Determining Truth and Opinion

This paragraph discusses practical ways to determine truth and distinguish it from opinion. It suggests looking into the nature of knowledge, using one's senses, basing conclusions on facts, deriving truth from consensus, proving through action, and subjecting claims to tests for their validity. The paragraph provides examples for each method, such as using personal senses to confirm the existence of a rainbow or relying on an encyclopedia to confirm one's nationality. It also highlights the importance of justification in determining truth, including the need for evidence and proper reasoning.

15:06

🗣️ The Role of Opinion in Personal Beliefs and Critical Thinking

The final paragraph explores the concept of opinion as a personal belief or judgment that is subjective and varies from person to person. It contrasts opinion with fact, which is objective, observable, and supported by evidence. The paragraph advises on how to identify opinions through the use of signal words and subjective language. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of distinguishing fact from opinion to develop critical analytical and listening skills, which are essential for effective communication and understanding.

Keywords

💡Philosophy

Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. In the context of the video, it is emphasized as a discipline that helps in distinguishing opinion from truth and is derived from the Greek words 'philos' meaning love and 'sophia' meaning wisdom. The script mentions that philosophy can improve problem-solving and decision-making, indicating its relevance to the theme of discerning factual ideas for truthful judgment.

💡Opinion

Opinion refers to a personal judgment or belief that is not necessarily based on facts or evidence. The video discusses the importance of distinguishing opinion from truth, highlighting that opinions are subjective and vary from person to person. For example, the script contrasts opinions on the institution of marriage, showing how different perspectives can influence one's opinion without concrete evidence.

💡Truth

Truth, in the script, is presented as a concept that is objective, factual, and can be verified or proven. It is distinguished from opinion by its basis in reality and evidence. The video emphasizes the need to discern truth in a world filled with uncertainty, especially during crises, and provides methods to determine truth, such as through the use of senses, facts, consensus, and testing for validity.

💡Knowledge

Knowledge is defined in the video as a justified true belief that helps in understanding and awareness. It is derived from experience and reasoning and is distinguished from opinion by its requirement for justification. The script uses the example of knowing that fish live in water, which is a fact based on observation and can be considered knowledge.

💡Factual Ideas

Factual ideas are concepts or beliefs that are based on observable reality and are supported by evidence. The video encourages the discernment of such ideas as the basis for truthful judgment. It is illustrated through the process of evaluating statements as true or false in a test, which is analogous to discerning truth in everyday life.

💡Critical Analysis

Critical analysis is the process of carefully examining and interpreting concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems. The video mentions that philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis, which is essential for distinguishing opinion from truth and improving problem-solving and decision-making.

💡Uncertainty

Uncertainty in the video refers to the unpredictable and uncontrollable aspects of life, particularly in times of crisis. It is highlighted as a source of stress and lack of direction in life, which makes the discernment of truth even more challenging. The script uses the context of a pandemic to illustrate the high levels of uncertainty people face.

💡Proposition

A proposition is a short sentence or statement that expresses a judgment or opinion. In the script, it is mentioned as part of the method of philosophizing, where one must understand and distinguish opinion from truth. The video uses the evaluation of propositions in a true or false test as an analogy for discerning truth in reality.

💡Consensus

Consensus in the video is presented as a method to determine truth by gathering the collective beliefs or opinions of others. It is suggested as a way to validate a belief, such as asking multiple people if the Earth is round to reach a common understanding. However, the script also notes that consensus does not necessarily equate to truth and that further validation is required.

💡Empirical

Empirical refers to knowledge or truth that is based on observation and experience rather than pure reasoning or theory. The video mentions that truthful statements are based on facts that are observable and empirical, emphasizing the importance of evidence and experimentation in establishing truth.

💡Doubt

Doubt is the state of uncertainty or lack of conviction. In the context of the video, doubt is portrayed as a catalyst for the search for truth. Philosophers use systematic doubt to question every statement and claim, as illustrated by the example of questioning one's own existence and senses to arrive at a truth.

Highlights

Introduction to the philosophy of the human person, focusing on distinguishing opinion from truth.

Teaching various ways to discern factual ideas as bases for truthful judgment.

Expected outcome: the ability to discriminate truth from opinion and develop a love of wisdom.

Importance of deepening knowledge in philosophy for high school students to improve critical analysis and decision-making.

Philosophy's origin from the Greek words 'philos' (love) and 'sophia' (wisdom), applied to any study or discipline.

Philosophy's role in everyday life, enabling critical analysis and interpretation of concepts and problems.

The impact of uncertainty in modern society on our mindset and the importance of truth in coping with difficult circumstances.

The reliance on news and social media for information during times of crisis and the challenge of discerning truth.

Philosophers' approach to truth as a quality or value, and the importance of justified knowledge.

The concept of a proposition as a short statement expressing a judgment or opinion in the method of philosophizing.

Understanding the difference between knowledge, ideas, and beliefs, and their role in determining truth.

The process of determining truth through examination, analysis, and justification, including systematic doubt.

Using one's senses to justify beliefs and prove the truth of certain statements or observations.

The use of facts and reliable sources to distinguish truth, such as dictionaries or encyclopedias.

Determining truth through consensus, where the agreement of others serves as evidence for a belief.

Proving truth through action, demonstrating abilities or actions to confirm the validity of a statement.

The necessity of testing claims for their validity, including evidence and correct reasoning.

Differentiating opinion from truth, with opinion being subjective and not testable by concrete evidence.

The influence of personal feelings, thoughts, desires, attitudes, and values on forming opinions.

Identifying signal words and subjective language that indicate opinions in statements.

Examples of facts and opinions, illustrating the difference between objective evidence and subjective beliefs.

The importance of distinguishing fact from opinion for developing critical analytical and listening skills.

Transcripts

good day my dear students welcome to

introduction to the philosophy of the

human person class

introduction to the philosophy of the

human person quarter one module two

distinguishing opinion from truth

this video lesson will help you to learn

on distinguishing opinion from truth it

will also teach you various ways to

discern factual ideas as bases of

truthful judgment

at the end of this module you are

expected to

discriminate truth from opinion

write an article based from facts and

truth

and develop love of wisdom in order to

understand and accept

the concept truth

as a senior high school student it is

important for you to deepen your

knowledge in philosophy one of the ways

you can do is to learn how to

distinguish truth from opinion

philosophy it comes from the greek word

philos means love

sophia means wisdom

it is applied to any study or discipline

to make reasons to investigate the

ultimate causes principles of all things

it can also be thought of as examination

of a particular idea

of knowledge

it is also improves problem solving

and decision making

we all have the potential to

philosophize since we have the tendency

to wonder and doubt

example

what is our purpose in this world what

is a man

philosophy has important part in our

lives that can be applied in our

everyday situations it enables a person

to engage in critical analysis and

interpretation of concepts definitions

arguments and problems

it improves problem solving and decision

making

distinguishing opinion and truth in our

modern society we usually wonder and

look for ways to answer questions that

we encounter in our everyday life

our life now is filled with uncertainty

especially in this time of crisis

many things are beyond our control

our mindset is a key to cope with

difficult circumstances

there is a high uncertainty over the

employment

finances economy physical and mental

health as well

as a human being you need to feel safe

and have a sense of control over the

lives despite this problem

fear with uncertainty makes us stressed

and less directed in life

we don't know the what ifs and worst

case scenarios that this pandemic might

bring us

we rely on the news and announcements

that we see on internet and social media

for us to be informed on how to cope

with our present problem

there are times that we are confused and

we don't know what to do because

we don't know the truth

how do we know if they are telling the

truth

philosophers cope with problems by means

of knowing the concept of truth

philosophers consider truth as kind of

quality or value most decisions we make

in our day-to-day life are based on our

knowledge

knowledge must be justified to be

accepted as truth for example in the

true or false

type of test you are required to

evaluate each of the sentences if it is

true or not true

just like in reality

you might be in the situation that you

may or may not care the truth that is

proposition

proposition is usually stated in a short

sentence statement or assertion that

expresses a judgment or opinion

as part of the method of philosophizing

you have to understand distinguished

opinion from truth for now let us

understand what is truth and why it is

important

one important aspect of knowledge is

based on reality in simple words

what we know is based on what we observe

or what is evident in this world

example

you know that

fish live in water because

you go to the sea or river you see

fishes that lives there

you can now consider that statement or

proposition as a fact based on what you

have observed to be real or truthful

another reason is

you accept that this is a fact because

it was taught to you in your science

class

before we discuss truth let us clarify

what is knowledge ideas and beliefs

knowledge it is a fact or information

which helps us understand and become

aware of something

it has been frequently described as

justified through belief

it becomes complicated when there are

many theories and when conditions are

met

and lastly we gain knowledge from our

experience and reasoning

ideas is derived from the combination of

experiences by senses example pillow

case can be analyzed into simple ideas

of being soft and rectangular in shape

beliefs refers to attitudes about the

world which can be either true or false

example

i know that my school is the best school

in the province ideas and beliefs that

we know to be true are based on our

knowledge

therefore truthful statements are based

on facts anything that is observable and

empirical or considered truth

it means that any claim can be truthful

when there is verification and have

undergone experimentation

philosophy has different views which can

help us comprehend the concept of

knowing truth

also first

emphasize the importance of beliefs to

determine the truth the following are

the ways to determine truth and

distinguish it from opinion

first one looking into the nature of

knowledge

second can be justified or proven by the

use of one's senses

third based on facts

fourth derived from consensus

fifth

requires to be proven through action

and lastly subjected tests for its

validity

ways to determine truth and distinguish

it from opinion first one looking into

the nature of knowledge

we assume that everything in this world

is true but philosophers doubted

everything about themselves and the

world they always search for the origin

of knowledge for a philosopher doubt

derives the desire to investigate truth

systematic doubt is employed to

distinguish truth

this means that every statement claim

and evidence should be examined and

analyzed

for example am i alive

do i have a body

can i breathe

now you have figured out this questions

examining yourself if you are really

alive that you have a body

and you can breathe of course you will

try to inhale and exhale ear

if you answered yes to all of the

questions then you can conclude that the

previous statements are true

you can now say i am alive i have a body

and i can breathe

second is can be justified or proven by

the use of one senses

use your senses sight hear taste smell

and touch to prove that

one belief is true

example you see a rainbow after the rain

rainbow can be seen

but is not observable to others on the

same time and day

it is accepted as true because

you can see it by your eyes

using senses in some situations of our

life may not be enough to determine the

truth

third

based on facts

you can use facts to guide you in

distinguishing the truth like using

dictionary or other reliable sources

example are you convinced that you can

tell yourself a filipino

so you may assume that your answer to

the question is true because it is

stated in an encyclopedia or any other

reliable sources of information

fourth derived from consensus

this is another way to determine truth

some people use claims of other people

as evidence to a belief that is true

example

ask your teacher parent and other

relatives if the earth is round

getting the consensus of others belief

is a better way to accept information

sometimes it is not applicable to some

situations and it needs to be proven is

true

fifth

requires to be proven through actions

example

can i play basketball

in order to determine the truth if you

can do this thing you have to prove it

in this example you need to go to a

place where you can play the basketball

this statement becomes true if you can

do it or apply it in your real life

sixth suggested to test for its validity

any claim therefore should be subjected

to tests

to prove its validity a belief can be

justified if it is obtained the right

way

justification should include evidence

and the right way of reasoning rather

than misinformation

example

you would like to try if the newly

invented juice drink is good for you

your friend who is a doctor claimed that

it helps improve immune system

[Music]

now you know the ways on how

philosophers determine the truth

you encounter truth and opinion in our

everyday life

to make you a good wiser listener and a

good speaker you should also familiarize

yourself in determining opinion and

kinds of listening

discovering yourself is the first step

in exploring knowledge and truth

remember this are various philosophical

views regarding truth

it can be justified through experience

observable facts senses consensus and

claims which are tested

now let's go let us discover and

distinguish opinion from truth

opinion

it refers to judgment or what a person

believes or thinks about something

which do not only give facts but also

give perspectives in particular

situations

it is based on personal view

opinion also differs from person to

person

it is highly influenced by a person's

feelings thoughts desires attitudes

values and so on which cannot be tested

by concrete evidences

for example

some people have opinion that marriage

should be for everyone including

homosexual couples

and there is discriminatory not to

permit gay marriage

other people have the opinion that

marriage is a long-standing and

traditional institution between a man

and a woman

and that civil unions or others

non-marriage solutions should be used

for homosexuals

you have already learned the importance

of beliefs in determining truth and

opinion

this time let us differentiate fact from

opinion

fact

it is an actual thing that exists

probable observable and measurable

a fact is based on direct evidence

actual experience or observation

a statement in fact has objective

content and well supported by available

evidences

evidences may be in a form of

testimony of witnesses agreed upon

observations written records of such

testimony and observations

results of research or

investigations examples of facts

statistically women live longer than men

there are more days in a leap year than

a regular year

opinion it is a personal belief or

judgment

a statement of belief or feelings

a statement of opinion is one whose

content is either subjective

and not well supported by available

evidences to determine the statement of

opinions

look for signal words that convey

opinions words that shows extreme

positive and negatives such as never

most always nobody none

ever all very

descriptive words that are subjective

such as beautiful

ugly smart foolish joyful lucky and so

on

language intended to appeal to emotions

like a question

have you ever

driven down and see all the garbage

examples of opinions

golf is boring pizza is delicious math

is the hardest subject

a fact is not an opinion

it differs only on types of statements

if opinion is believed by everyone it

does not turn into a fact

opinions cannot be proven however it can

be supported by facts

the ability to distinguish the fact from

opinion will help you develop your

critical analytical and listening skills

in reading and listening

thank you for listening stay home stay

safe and stay healthy goodbye

you