John 6:60-69 Commentary
Summary
TLDRThis presentation explores John 6:60-69, delving into the Bread of Life discourse and the pivotal question Jesus poses to his disciples about their faith. It examines the challenges of accepting Jesus' teachings, particularly his identity and the significance of the cross. The speaker discusses the historical and theological context, including the Johannine community's struggles with belief and schism. The summary emphasizes the importance of understanding Jesus' identity for faith and the Eucharist, encouraging reflection on personal faith journeys and the enduring relevance of these teachings.
Takeaways
- π The presentation concludes the series on John 6, focusing on the 'Bread of Life' discourse and the pivotal scene between Jesus and Peter.
- π The session begins with an introduction, reading of the text, analysis of the chapter's structure, background exploration, commentary, and concludes with a prayer.
- π£οΈ The Gospel of John 6:60-69 raises the question of commitment to the Christian faith, particularly in the face of challenging teachings.
- π The text is compared with Mark's Gospel, highlighting the similarities and differences in the portrayal of Peter's confession of faith.
- ποΈ The Johannine community experienced divisions, reflected in the Gospel's language about being 'put out of the synagogue' and internal schisms.
- π¬ The term 'this teaching is difficult' (John 6:60) conveys the challenge and potential offense of Jesus' teachings, particularly regarding his identity and the necessity of the cross.
- π The Gospel emphasizes Jesus' dual nature as both fully human and divine, using the 'I am' statements that echo divine names from the Old Testament.
- βοΈ The central event of the Fourth Gospel is the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus, which is a recurring theme and a source of shock for the audience.
- πΆ The disciples' turning away from Jesus (John 6:66) signifies a real challenge within the Johannine community and a test of faith for believers.
- π Peter's response to Jesus' question (John 6:68-69) is a declaration of loyalty and recognition of Jesus as the 'Holy One of God', underscoring the depth of faith within the community.
- π The presentation suggests that the Gospel of John is relevant to modern believers, offering insights into faith, discipleship, and the challenges of understanding Jesus' identity and mission.
Q & A
What is the central theme of the presentation on John chapter six?
-The central theme of the presentation is the exploration of the 'Bread of Life' discourse in John 6:60-69, focusing on the identity of Jesus and the challenges of faith presented in his teachings.
What is the significance of the question 'Do you also wish to go away?' in the context of John 6:60-69?
-The question 'Do you also wish to go away?' is significant as it directly addresses the disciples' and the audience's commitment to Jesus, challenging them to reflect on their faith and reasons for staying or leaving in light of difficult teachings.
How does the presentation relate the teachings in John 6 to the broader context of the Johannine community?
-The presentation relates the teachings in John 6 to the Johannine community by discussing the historical context of the community's experiences with expulsion from the synagogue, internal divisions, and the challenge of accepting Jesus' identity and teachings.
What does the expression 'this teaching is difficult' (John 6:60) signify in the context of the presentation?
-The expression 'this teaching is difficult' signifies the disciples' struggle to accept Jesus' teachings, particularly those concerning his identity and the necessity of his death and resurrection for salvation, which were challenging to their preconceived beliefs.
How does the presentation connect the identity of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel to the divine name 'I am'?
-The presentation connects the identity of Jesus to the divine name 'I am' by highlighting instances where Jesus uses this name, such as in John 6:48 and 8:58, emphasizing his divinity and unique relationship with God.
What is the pastoral situation that the writer of John's Gospel addresses in relation to the Eucharist?
-The pastoral situation addressed is the participation in the Eucharist without an adequate faith in Jesus or understanding of his death and resurrection, which makes the Eucharist difficult to comprehend for some members of the Johannine community.
How does the presentation discuss the significance of Peter's confession in John 6:68-69?
-The presentation discusses Peter's confession as an affirmation of faith in Jesus as the 'Holy One of God' and the source of eternal life, reflecting on the personal journey of faith and the communal response to Jesus' teachings.
What is the role of the Spirit in understanding the teachings of Jesus according to the presentation?
-According to the presentation, the Spirit plays a crucial role in giving life and understanding to the teachings of Jesus, as stated in John 6:63, emphasizing that the words of Jesus are 'spirit and life'.
How does the presentation use the comparison between John 6 and Mark 8 to highlight similarities in Peter's confession?
-The presentation compares John 6:60-69 with Mark 8:27-30 to highlight the similarities in Peter's confession of Jesus as the Messiah and the divine identity of Jesus, showing how John's Gospel adapts and nuances the Markan account.
What is the significance of the phrase 'flesh is useless' in the context of the presentation?
-The phrase 'flesh is useless' signifies the limitations of human understanding and the need for spiritual discernment to grasp the teachings of Jesus, especially in relation to his identity and the salvific event of the cross.
What does the presentation suggest as a way to deepen understanding of the Fourth Gospel?
-The presentation suggests reading Sean Freyne's book 'The Sign' published by Dominican Publications as a way to deepen understanding of the Fourth Gospel and its theological themes.
Outlines
π Introduction to John 6's Final Presentation
The presenter warmly welcomes the audience to the concluding session on John 6, focusing on the pivotal dialogue between Jesus and Peter. The session's structure includes an introduction, scripture reading, chapter overview, background analysis, commentary, conclusions, and a closing prayer. The key question from the gospel, 'Do you also wish to go away?', is highlighted as it resonates with the audience, prompting reflection on personal faith and commitment to Christianity. The summary of John 6:60-69 is provided, depicting the disciples' struggle with Jesus' teachings, particularly the metaphor of the Bread of Life and the deeper spiritual understanding required. The presenter also invites the audience to consider the chapter's context within the broader narrative of John's Gospel.
π Exploring the Backgrounds of John 6
This section delves into the various backgrounds influencing the narrative of John 6. Five key areas are discussed: the expulsion from the synagogue, the schism within the community, the challenging core teaching, the identity of Jesus, and the significance of the cross. The text's references to being 'put out of the synagogue' indicate the historical separation between Judaism and Christianity. Internal divisions within the early Christian community, as mentioned in John 6:66 and 1 John 2, are examined. The difficulty of the teaching in John 6:60 is explored, with the term 'scleros' suggesting an almost impossible acceptance of Jesus' identity and teachings. The presenter also reflects on the high Christology presented in the Gospel of John, emphasizing Jesus' dual nature as both human and divine, and the implications of this for the community's understanding of Jesus.
π The Identity of Jesus and the Centrality of the Cross
The paragraph emphasizes the significance of Jesus' identity and the central role of the cross in the Fourth Gospel. It discusses how the identity of Jesus is portrayed through various scenes in John 6, each highlighting a different aspect of who Jesus is. The paragraph also touches on the shocking nature of the crucifixion and its role in God's plan of salvation, as reflected in 1 Corinthians 1. The audience is guided through the metaphorical eating of Jesus' flesh and drinking of His blood, which signifies belief in His sacrificial death and resurrection. The literal misunderstanding of this metaphor by some disciples is noted, drawing a parallel to similar misunderstandings by Nicodemus and the woman at the well. The paragraph concludes by reinforcing the challenging nature of the cross for the audience, especially for those of Jewish background.
π Jesus' Resurrection and the Disciples' Reactions
This section discusses the theme of Jesus' resurrection and the reactions of His disciples to His teachings. The 'ascending' of Jesus is highlighted as a double echo of Jacob's ladder and His own resurrection, with references to John 1:51 and 3:13. The tension is increased by questioning the disciples' acceptance of the cross and the resurrection. The paragraph also touches on the spiritual versus physical aspects of life, with Jesus emphasizing that it is the Spirit that gives life, and the flesh is of little use. The theme of betrayal is introduced, along with the idea that not all who are exposed to Jesus' teachings believe in Him, reflecting the mystery of grace and the varied responses to Jesus' identity and mission.
π£οΈ The Journey of Faith and Peter's Confession
The paragraph focuses on the journey of faith and the response of Simon Peter to Jesus' question about whether the disciples also wish to go away. Peter's rhetorical question implies that there is no one else to turn to but Jesus, who holds the words of eternal life. The paragraph invites the audience to reflect on their own faith journey and experience with Jesus. Peter's confession that Jesus is the 'Holy One of God' is unique to the Gospel of John and is explored in the context of Old Testament usage and its implications in the Gospel. The paragraph concludes with a reflection on the consecration of Jesus, as discussed in John 10:35-36 and 17, and the importance of recognizing Jesus' unique role and identity.
ποΈ Conclusions on John 6 and Reflections on Faith
The final paragraph summarizes the insights gained from the study of John 6, emphasizing the Gospel's focus on Jesus' identity and His work on the cross and resurrection. The traditional sequence used by the evangelist is noted, along with the editorial amendments made to address the specific context of the Johannine community. The primary focus on Jesus' identity and the secondary focus on the Eucharist are highlighted, reflecting the pastoral situation of the community. The paragraph concludes with a prayer for guidance and faithfulness, and an acknowledgment of the relevance of John 6 to contemporary believers. The presenter expresses gratitude for the audience's engagement with the series and recommends further reading on the Fourth Gospel, specifically Sean Freyne's book 'The Sign'.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Bread of Life
π‘Disciples
π‘Spirit and Life
π‘Faith
π‘Eternal Life
π‘Schism
π‘Identity of Jesus
π‘Cross
π‘Resurrection
π‘Eucharist
π‘Johannine Community
Highlights
Introduction to the final presentation on John 6, exploring the 'Bread of Life' discourse and the pivotal scene between Jesus and Peter.
The presentation sequence includes a welcome, reading of the text, examination of the chapter's context, background discussions, commentary, conclusions, and a prayer.
Gospel of John 6:60-69 raises the question of disciples' commitment, resonating with those who have faced challenges in their faith journey.
Jesus' teaching in John 6 is described as 'difficult', reflecting the challenge of accepting his identity and the significance of the cross.
The Johannine community experienced divisions, with some disciples turning away due to the challenging teachings on Jesus' identity and the centrality of the cross.
John 6:60-69 corresponds to Mark 8:27-30, highlighting the confession of Peter and the differences in how the Gospels present this event.
The Gospel of John follows a Markan sequence with adjustments, emphasizing the identity of Jesus and the eucharistic themes.
The expression 'to be put out of the synagogue' reflects the historical separation between Judaism and early Christianity.
The term 'scleros' in John 6:60 conveys the difficulty of the teachings, suggesting an adverse reaction due to their challenging nature.
Jesus' identity in the Fourth Gospel is portrayed as both human and divine, using the divine name 'I am' from the burning bush.
The central event of the Fourth Gospel is the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus, which was a shocking revelation for the early Christian community.
John 6 emphasizes the necessity of the Spirit for life, contrasting the limitations of the flesh and the life-giving power of Jesus' words.
Peter's response to Jesus' question in John 6:67-68 is a declaration of faith, affirming Jesus as the source of eternal life and the Holy One of God.
The Gospel of John addresses the pastoral situation of the Johannine community, focusing on the identity of Jesus and the proper understanding of the eucharist.
The presentation concludes with a prayer for guidance to remain faithful to Jesus Christ, whose words are spirit and life.
Recommendation of Sean Gohain's book 'The Sign' for further exploration of the Fourth Gospel's themes and its relevance to contemporary faith.
Transcripts
a very warm welcome as always to all of
you to the final presentation on john
chapter six we come at last to the scene
between
jesus and peter with the great question
so i look forward to being with you
during this last presentation
the bread of life
exploring john 60 to 69 the conclusion
for this final presentation on john 6
we'll follow the following sequence
first of all a welcome and introduction
then we'll read the text itself
look at the place in the chapter as a
whole
and then we'll spend a good deal of time
on
various backgrounds
before coming finally to a commentary
some conclusions and as always a prayer
to conclude
so a very warm welcome again to
everybody
our gospel today has a question which in
a way jumps off the page do you also
wish to go away
that gospel will have a particular
resonance for us today some have indeed
gone away
and this leaves those of us who have
remained with the question why have i
not also gone away what keeps me engaged
in the christian project a good strong
personal question
and here is our gospel for today
john 6 60-69
when many of his disciples heard it they
said this teaching is difficult who can
accept it
but jesus being aware that his disciples
were complaining about it said to them
does this offend you
then what if you were to see the son of
man ascending to where he was before
it is the spirit that gives life the
flesh is useless
the words that i have spoken to you are
spirit and life
but among you there are some who do not
believe
for jesus knew from the first who were
the ones that did not believe and who
was the one that would betray him
and he said for this reason i have told
you that no one can come to me unless it
is granted by the father
because of this
many of his disciples turned back and no
longer went about with him
so jesus asked the twelve
do you also wish to go away
simon peter answered him lord to whom
can we go
you have the words of eternal life
we have come to believe and know that
you are the holy one of god
for the last time we take a quick look
at john chapter 6 as a whole
and as seen in all the previous
presentations there are
six moments and we're in the fifth the
faith of peter versus 60 to 69 in fact
the remaining verses could also be added
as part of the scene
you may like to pause the presentation
here and glance once more at all of
chapter 6.
to appreciate this last scene we need to
go back to a slide which was in the very
first presentation that is
john's following of a markan sequence
and we saw there that inspired by mark's
double telling of the multiplication
john's gospel shows the following
sequence
number one the multiplication for five
thousand number two the walking and the
sea number three request for a sign
number four remarks on bread number five
the faith of peter and number six a
short one passion theme and betrayal
and you'll notice there on number five
that john 6
6069 corresponds more or less to mark 8
27-30 the confession of peter at
caesarea philippi
and here are the two texts directly
compared
we've already read john 6 so may read
mark 8 27-29
jesus went with his disciples to the
villages of caesarea philippi and on the
way he asked his disciples who do people
say that i am
and they answered him john the baptist
and others elijah and still others one
of the prophets
but he asked them but who do you say
that i am and peter answered him you are
the messiah
and there are many similarities i've
underlined a few of those so asked 12
peter answered and you are
of course john's gospel changes the
question and also changes the answer
we now come to the various backgrounds
and for this presentation i have
selected five
the expulsion from the synagogue the
schism in the community the core
teaching is difficult the identity of
jesus and the place of the cross
and we look briefly at each one of those
the community for which this gospel was
written experienced several critical
moments
and one of these critical moments is
registered in the text with a unique
expression to be put out of the
synagogue as you can see from the text
there this expression occurs in chapter
9 chapter 12 and chapter 16.
the main
story is the story of a man born blind
and this expression to be put out of the
synagogue is not something which
happened during the ministry of the
historical jesus but reflects the much
later painful parting of the ways
between judaism and emerging
christianity
the joanna and community also
experienced internal divisions or what
would later be called schism in the
christian movement
the evidence for this is in our verse in
john 6 66 they turned back and no longer
went about with him but also in the
first letter of john chapter 2 where we
read
children it is the last hour
as you have heard
that the antichrist is coming so now
many antichrists have come
from this we know that this it is the
last hour
they went out from us
but they did not belong to us for if
they had belonged to us they would have
remained with us but by going out they
made it plain that none of them belongs
to us
so some kind of
breakdown our division did occur
we can always ask what might have
triggered this and in fact john chapter
6 is a good clue with his teaching on
the identity of jesus and the centrality
of the cross
the expression this teaching is
difficult is found in john chapter 6
verse 60.
when many of his disciples heard it they
said this teaching logos is difficult
scleros
who can accept it and the word scleros
has a range of meanings it can mean
externally hard or rough in some way
it can also mean
causing an adverse reaction because of
being hard or harsh or unpleasant
it could also mean being difficult to
the point of being impossible implying
an adverse force that is unyielding
and number four being unyielding in
behavior or or attitude and the
metaphorical use here seem to point us
in the direction of
interpretations three and four so it's a
strong expression this is difficult to
the point of being impossible to accept
now we can always ask what teaching was
that that caused such a reaction
so in a very brief and inadequate way we
can ask what is the identity of jesus in
the fourth gospel and two things may be
said
first of all he comes across as a real
human being who gets tired who has
friends who can be angry and who suffers
when his friend lazarus dies
so very human
at the same time the only begotten son
the one who makes the father known the
word made flesh
and in this gospel jesus uses the divine
name i am who i am from the burning bush
and a few texts can illustrate this
very early in the gospel in 1 18 we read
no one has ever seen god it is god the
only son who is close to the father's
heart who has made him known
and in our chapter 6 48 i am the bread
of life using the divine name from the
burning bush
669 is worth repeating for the unique
expression we have come to believe and
know you are the holy one of god
and towards the end of the gospel thomas
makes a remarkable confession of faith
my lord and my god
so part of the problem for the some
members of the community was the very
high teaching about the identity of
jesus and his place in god
the significance of the identity of
jesus for this chapter is also apparent
from a slide i have used before
each of the sections as we saw lands in
on something about the identity of jesus
for the multiplication of the loaves
this is indeed the prophet a potential
king
for the walking and the sea it is i egoi
me the name of god
the request for a sign led to a
definition of jesus to believe in him
whom he has sent
in the remarks on the bread we saw
regularly i am the bread of life and
here we have you are the holy one of god
in section 5
and finally in section 6 the centrality
of jesus is clear because
the very last sentence is the one who
was going to betray him
so john 6 has in the foreground the
identity of jesus who is he for the
believing community a good question for
us also today
the central event of the fourth gospel
is the lifting up of the son of god on
the cross and into resurrection as
already anticipated in john 3 16.
this teaching that god revealed himself
and made himself known and offered
salvation through the brutal event of
crucifixion was always shocking
it was shocking already for the pauline
communities we read in 1 corinthians 1
as follows
for sins in the wisdom of god the world
did not know god through wisdom god
decided for the foolishness of our
proclamation to save those who believe
for jews demand signs and greeks desire
wisdom but we proclaim christ crucified
a stumbling block to jews and
foolishness to gentiles but to those who
are the called both jews and greeks
christ the power of god and the wisdom
of god
for god's foolishness is wiser than
human wisdom and god's weakness is
stronger than human strength
something of the challenge of believing
on the cross is in our
chapter 6 verses 52 to 57 where we read
as follows
then the jews disputed them on
themselves how can this man give us his
flesh to eat
so jesus said to them very truly i tell
you unless you eat the flesh of the son
of man and drink his blood you have no
life in you
those who eat my flesh and drink my
blood have eternal life and i will raise
them up on the last day
for my flesh is true food and my blood
is true drink
those who eat my flesh and drink my
blood abide in me and i in them just as
the living father sent me and i live
because of the father so whoever eats me
will live because of me
and we saw in a previous commentary on
verse 52 that the literal understanding
resembles the literal understanding of
nicodemus and the literal understanding
of the woman at the well in other words
it is a mistaken line of
interpretation if we ask ourselves when
in this gospel does jesus give his flesh
and his blood the answer is on the cross
because there is no lord's supper in the
fourth gospel
and that context to eat his flesh means
first of all to believe in the salvation
coming through the death and
resurrection of jesus and then at a much
secondary level to consume the sacrament
this remained a kind of shock for the
audience especially for those of jewish
background always
so with that great deal of background in
mind we can turn to our commentary
john 6 60
when many of his disciples heard it they
said this teaching is difficult who can
accept it
and be
it is not only the jews who react
negatively but his disciples that is
members of the joannaand community
and the teaching as we saw is to do with
the identity of jesus and the place of
the cross
verses 61-62
but jesus
being aware that his disciples were
complaining about it said to them
does this offend you
then what if you were to see the son of
man ascending to where he was before
and this ascending is a double echo of a
previous theme of jacob's ladder in the
fourth gospel and also jesus own
resurrection we can see that in a couple
of quotations
in john 1 51
very truly i tell you you will see
heaven opened and the angels of god
ascending and descending upon the son of
man a clear echo of jacob's dream and
jacob's ladder
that's also echoed in 3 13 no one has
ascended into heaven except the one who
descended from heaven the son of man the
reference the resurrection then is clear
at the end of the gospel when jesus is
talking to mary magdalene
do not hold on to me because i have not
yet ascended to the father but go to my
brothers and say to them i am ascending
to my father and your father to my god
and your god
and the effect of this reference is to
increase the tension because does this
offend you means does the teaching of
the cross offend you what about the
teaching of the resurrection all the
more so
john 6
63 to 64.
it is the spirit that gives life the
flesh is useless
the words that i have spoken to you are
spirit and life
but among you there are some who do not
believe for jesus knew from the first
who were the ones that did not believe
and who was the one that would betray
him
in effect
these are passion themes
which is very consistent with the topic
of jesus death and resurrection
and the sentence the spirit that gives
light the flesh is useless echoes
something in mark 14 38
keep awake and pray that you may not
come into the time of trial the spirit
is indeed willing but the flesh is
weak and the passion theme continues in
the reference to betrayal which is
frequent in john's gospel and in john 6
71 judas son of simon iscariot is
actually named
as we saw many times the verb to believe
is vast in this gospel occurring no
fewer than 98 times
john 6 65 and he said
for this reason i have told you that no
one can come to me unless it is granted
by the father
and this reflects the mystery of grace
all have the same hunger the heart all
see the evidence of jesus but not all
believe
something similar was reflected earlier
in john 6 44
no one can come to me unless drawn by
the father who sent me
john 6 66
because of this many of his disciples
turned back and no longer went about
with him
it's worth noting that it is not the
jews at this point who walk away but the
disciples that really means members of
the later joanna in community
in the
historical jesus the story of rich young
man does show us a story of a person who
did walk away but on account of the
challenge of discipleship not on account
of the identity of
jesus and i put in there again that
quotation from
1 john 2 18 to 19 a little unkind it
says that those who went out from us
would not have gone out for us if they
had really belonged in the first place a
bit harsh i suppose in today's context
and so we come to the great question in
verse 67
so jesus asked the twelve
do you also wish to go away
and as i've noted before john's gospel
is peppered with really good questions
and as at caesarea philippi this
question seems to jump off the page and
address
us in our own time do you also wish to
go away
and it's good to give time to reflecting
on what answer would i give now at this
point in my life
when we come to the last two verses 68
and 69
simon peter answered him lord to whom
can we go you have the words of eternal
life
we have come to believe and know that
you are the holy one of god
and peter's first reaction is a
rhetorical question to whom can we go
implying no one else
and then you have
experience the experience of jesus his
words the gift of eternal life you also
have been there a journey of faith we
have come to believe and we know
and these
reactions from peter invite us to
reflect on our own experience and our
own journey of faith
in the center then is an affirmation
unique in the fourth gospel jesus is the
holy one of god
now this expression is used in the old
testament meaning men consecrate to god
in some way for instance samson in the
book of judges or aeron in psalm 106
but in john's gospel it seems to imply
more and i put there a quotation from
john 10
35-36 which might capture it if those to
whom the word of god came were called
gods and the scripture cannot be
annulled how can you say that the one
whom the father has made holy and sent
into the world is blaspheming because i
said i am god's son
and there's a longer reflection on the
consecration of jesus so to speak in
john 17 which would be worth meditating
on its own merits
having experienced together john chapter
6 and having mulled over it in the
various sessions
some conclusions can be indicated
the great journey of john 6 lands firmly
on the identity of jesus and his work
the cross really but not excluding the
resurrection
the writer made use of a traditional
sequence as also preserved in mark which
we saw several times with significant
adjustments
and the evangelist makes clear editorial
emendations so the text will speak to
the context of the joannen community of
faith at the time of writing using their
typical language of faith
and as i emphasized more than once the
primary focus of john 6 is on the
identity of jesus in each scene
and the secondary focus is on the
eucharist this reflects the pastoral
situation into which the evangelist is
writing
the pastoral setting is participation in
the eucharist without an adequate faith
in jesus or an understanding of what
happened for us in his death and
resurrection
this pastoral situation is not unknown
today of course and makes participation
in the eucharist difficult to understand
the writer continues his reflections on
the eucharist in john 13 at the washing
of the feet
a prayer in every age o god you give
your people freedom to walk in faith or
turn away
grant us grace to remain faithful to
your holy one whose words are spirit and
life
jesus christ our lord who lives and
reigns with you in the unity of the holy
spirit god forever and ever amen
so thank you very much everybody for
your patience and staying with this
program of six modules on john chapter
six i hope you found it worthwhile
it was a challenge for me to put all
this stuff together and try to make it a
bit relevant for us today i do believe
the chapter speaks to a pastoral
situation which is very like our own and
so it can help us today as we try to
make decisions for our future as
individual believers and as members of
the faith community
i also hope that this presentation on
john 6 would have intrigued you about
the fourth gospel which is such a
marvelous text and it's wonderful that
it survived and that we still have it
today to reflect upon
if you were to read any book on this
then i would certainly recommend sean
gohan's book the sign published by
dominican publications thanks very much
everybody
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