The UK’s Catastrophic Economic Crisis Explained, How British Destroyed Britain

Business Basics
5 Jul 202425:21

Summary

TLDRLe Royaume-Uni, autrefois dirigé par l'un des plus grands empires de l'histoire, fait face à un déclin économique marqué. Depuis 2007, la croissance économique est quasi inexistante, la productivité stagne et les salaires réels ont tendance à l'immobilisme. Les crises financières de 2008 et 2020 ont aggravé la situation, laissant un héritage de dettes et d'instabilité politique. Les politiques économiques et la sortie de l'UE semblent avoir un impact négatif, laissant le pays confronté à de nombreux défis, tels que la baisse de la natalité, la dépendance à l'industrie financière et un marché des capitaux brisé, menaçant sa position sur la scène mondiale.

Takeaways

  • 🏛️ L'empire britannique, autrefois le plus grand de l'histoire, est en train de perdre de son importance mondiale.
  • 📉 Le PIB par habitant du Royaume-Uni est passé d'un niveau légèrement supérieur à celui des États-Unis en 2007 à seulement 60% de celui de l'Amérique du Nord aujourd'hui.
  • 💡 La stagnation de la productivité et le manque d'innovation et d'investissement sont à l'origine de la faiblesse économique du Royaume-Uni depuis 2007.
  • 💼 Les entreprises cotées en bourse au Royaume-Uni ont affiché une croissance très faible sur les deux dernières décennies, avec seulement une augmentation de 25% du Footsie depuis le début du siècle.
  • 📊 La crise financière de 2008 a eu un impact considérable sur l'économie britannique, entraînant une hausse significative de la dette publique et une décennie d'austérité.
  • 📉 La pandémie de COVID-19 a provoqué une chute record du PIB de 11% en 2020, la pire performance économique depuis 1709.
  • 💔 La politique économique et l'instabilité politique, y compris le Brexit, ont contribué à la perte de confiance du public dans le gouvernement et l'administration économique du Royaume-Uni.
  • 👶 Le Royaume-Uni fait face à un défi démographique avec des taux de natalité sous le niveau de remplacement depuis 1973, ce qui affecte la main-d'œuvre et la dépense publique à long terme.
  • 💼 Le secteur financier, bien que productif, est relativement déconnecté de l'économie nationale et contribue à un déséquilibre économique dans le pays.
  • 💔 La détérioration de l'industrie manufacturière et la dépendance croissante de l'économie britannique envers les services ont entravé la compétitivité internationale du pays.
  • 🏦 Les problèmes structurels, tels qu'une livre sterling surestimée et un marché financier brisé, entravent l'investissement et la croissance économique.

Q & A

  • Quel est le PIB par habitant du Royaume-Uni par rapport à celui des États-Unis et de la Pologne?

    -Le PIB par habitant du Royaume-Uni est de 46 000 dollars, ce qui représente seulement 60% de celui des États-Unis, qui est de 76 000 dollars. Si les tendances actuelles se poursuivent, la Pologne pourrait dépasser le Royaume-Uni en termes de PIB par habitant dans un délai de dix ans.

  • Pourquoi le Royaume-Uni est-il considéré comme étant en déclin économique depuis 2007?

    -Le Royaume-Uni est en déclin économique depuis 2007 en raison d'une stagnation de la croissance de la productivité, d'un manque d'innovation et d'investissement, ce qui a également affecté les salaires réels, qui n'ont pas augmenté depuis 2008, entraînant une stagnation de la puissance d'achat.

  • Quels ont été les impacts de la crise financière de 2008 sur l'économie du Royaume-Uni?

    -La crise financière de 2008 a eu un impact massif sur l'économie du Royaume-Uni, en raison de son secteur financier important. Plusieurs banques ont fait face à des problèmes de liquidité, entraînant des interventions d'urgence du gouvernement et de la Banque d'Angleterre. Ces interventions ont entraîné une augmentation significative de la dette publique et une décennie d'austérité.

  • Comment la pandémie de COVID-19 a-t-elle affecté l'économie du Royaume-Uni?

    -La pandémie de COVID-19 a provoqué une récession record avec une baisse du PIB de 11% en 2020, la pire performance économique depuis 1709. Le gouvernement a utilisé la financement inflationniste pour maintenir l'économie, ce qui a entraîné une augmentation significative de la dette publique et de l'inflation.

  • Quels sont les principaux facteurs qui expliquent la faiblesse de l'économie du Royaume-Uni par rapport à ses pairs?

    -La faiblesse de l'économie du Royaume-Uni par rapport à celle de ses pairs est due à une productivité stagnante, un investissement faible, une dépendance excessive sur le secteur financier, et une industrie manufacturière en déclin. De plus, le Royaume-Uni souffre d'un vieillissement de la population et d'un manque d'attrait pour les travailleurs hautement qualifiés.

  • Quelle a été l'impact de la sortie du Royaume-Uni de l'Union européenne (Brexit) sur son économie?

    -Le Brexit a eu des conséquences négatives à court et à long terme pour l'économie du Royaume-Uni, notamment en termes de coûts supplémentaires pour les entreprises liées aux chaînes d'approvisionnement et de transferts de tâches pour le secteur financier vers d'autres pays européens.

  • Pourquoi le secteur financier du Royaume-Uni est-il considéré comme un problème pour l'économie du pays?

    -Le secteur financier, bien qu'important pour le Royaume-Uni, est considéré comme un problème car il est principalement axé sur les affaires internationales et ne contribue pas suffisamment à l'investissement et à la productivité dans le reste du pays. Cela a également conduit à une surévaluation de la livre sterling, rendant d'autres secteurs moins compétitifs à l'étranger.

  • Quelles sont les conséquences de la déclinaison de l'industrie manufacturière britannique?

    -La déclinaison de l'industrie manufacturière a entraîné une économie britannique fortement dépendante des services, avec un déficit commercial croissant en marchandises et un surplus commercial en services. Cela reflète le coût réel d'une monnaie surévaluée et la perte de compétitivité de l'industrie manufacturière.

  • Quels défis politiques et économiques le Royaume-Uni doit-il relever face à son économie en déclin?

    -Le Royaume-Uni doit relever de défis tels que la gestion de sa dette publique élevée, la réduction des dépenses publiques ou l'augmentation des taux d'imposition, tout en gérant les demandes d'augmentation des investissements dans les services publics et en réformant son modèle économique pour améliorer la productivité et l'investissement.

  • Quelle est la position commerciale du Royaume-Uni et comment cela affecte-t-il son économie?

    -Le Royaume-Uni a un déficit commercial chronique, ayant importé plus de biens et de services que ce qu'il n'a exporté chaque année depuis 1998, à l'exception de 2020. Ce déficit commercial contribue à la vulnérabilité économique du pays et souligne la nécessité d'une restructuration de son économie et de ses alliances commerciales.

  • Quels sont les défis auxquels le gouvernement travailliste, s'il est élu, pourrait être confronté pour améliorer l'économie du Royaume-Uni?

    -Le gouvernement travailliste pourrait être confronté à des défis tels que la nécessité d'augmenter les dépenses publiques pour améliorer les services, tout en gérant la dette publique et en trouvant un équilibre entre les augmentations des impôts et la stimulation de la croissance économique.

Outlines

00:00

📉 Déclin économique du Royaume-Uni

Le Royaume-Uni, autrefois dirigeant de l'un des plus grands empires de l'histoire, fait face à un déclin dramatique. Depuis 2007, la croissance économique a été quasi inexistante, avec un PIB par habitant passant de légèrement supérieur à celui des États-Unis à seulement 60% d'Amérique, soit 46 000 dollars contre 76 000. Le Royaume-Uni est même plus pauvre que Mississippi, l'état le plus pauvre des États-Unis, avec un PIB par habitant d'environ 48 000 dollars. La stagnation des salaires réels et la faiblesse de l'innovation et de l'investissement contribuent à cette situation, soulignant un manque de résilience face aux crises économiques et une inégalité croissante par rapport à d'autres pays européens.

05:02

💹 Récessions et conséquences sur l'économie britannique

Les crises économiques de 2008 et 2020 ont eu un impact profond sur l'économie du Royaume-Uni, notamment en raison de la dépendance à l'égard du secteur financier. La récession de 2008 a été la pire depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, suivie d'une décennie d'austérité due à la hausse de la dette gouvernementale. La pandémie de COVID-19 a provoqué une nouvelle récession en 2020, avec une chute de 11% du PIB, le pire bilan économique depuis 1709. Les mesures d'inflation et d'austérité ont eu des conséquences à long terme, notamment en termes d'inflation et de coût de la vie, exacerbant la crise économique et sociale.

10:04

📈 Défis fondamentaux et investissements dans le Royaume-Uni

Le Royaume-Uni fait face à des problèmes fondamentaux tels que la stagnation de la productivité depuis 2007, associée à des niveaux d'investissement très faibles, en particulier dans le secteur privé. La concentration de l'investissement dans quelques régions, comme Londres, crée des disparités économiques importantes avec d'autres régions moins prospères. La dépendance à l'égard du secteur financier, qui est internationalement axé, a entravé l'investissement dans le reste du pays, contribuant ainsi à la détérioration de l'économie nationale.

15:05

👶 Démographie et main-d'œuvre au Royaume-Uni

La baisse des taux de natalité et l'augmentation de la population âgée posent des défis pour l'économie britannique. Malgré une croissance démographique due à l'immigration, le Royaume-Uni souffre d'un 'brain drain', avec une perte de travailleurs qualifiés vers d'autres économies développées. Cela affecte la productivité et la compétitivité du pays, en particulier en dehors de Londres, où le secteur financier reste prospère et attire l'essentiel de l'investissement étranger direct.

20:08

🏭 Déclin de l'industrie manufacturière et impact économique

Le Royaume-Uni a connu un déclin significatif de son secteur manufacturier, passant de la première place mondiale en termes de production industrielle en 1900 à la onzième place actuellement. Cette transition a entraîné une économie de plus en plus axée sur les services, avec 81% du PIB provenant de cette source. Cependant, cela a également créé un déficit commercial croissant en raison d'une monnaie surévaluée, rendant les exportations plus chères et les importations plus abordables.

25:10

🏦 Défis politiques et financiers pour le Royaume-Uni

Les politiques économiques du Royaume-Uni, marquées par des mesures d'austérité, sont confrontées à des problèmes financiers importants, notamment une dette publique élevée représentant près de 100% du PIB. Les paiements d'intérêts sur cette dette sont devenus lourds, dépassant même les dépenses sur l'éducation. La politique économique future, qu'elle soit menée par le parti conservateur ou le parti travailliste, doit faire face à des décisions difficiles concernant les dépenses publiques et les impôts, tout en cherchant à améliorer la position commerciale du pays et en établissant de nouveaux accords commerciaux internationaux.

🌏 Position géopolitique du Royaume-Uni

Le Royaume-Uni est confronté à une reconnaissance déclinante de son importance sur la scène mondiale. L'ambassadeur chinois a souligné que le pays n'est ni un rival ni un adversaire de la Chine, illustrant la perte de statut du Royaume-Uni. Les défis économiques et politiques actuels menacent la position du pays sur la scène internationale, et les mesures politiques futures devront être prises pour restaurer la prospérité et l'influence du Royaume-Uni.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Empire britannique

L'Empire britannique était le plus vaste de l'histoire, symbolisant la puissance et l'influence mondiale du Royaume-Uni. Dans le script, il est mentionné comme un contraste avec la situation actuelle du pays, qui est décrit comme perdant de son importance mondiale.

💡PIB par habitant

Le PIB par habitant est un indicateur économique qui mesure la richesse moyenne d'un pays. Le script indique que le PIB par habitant au Royaume-Uni a chuté par rapport à celui des États-Unis, reflétant ainsi une baisse de la prospérité économique nationale.

💡Croissance économique

La croissance économique fait référence à l'augmentation du PIB total d'une nation sur une période donnée. Le script souligne que le Royaume-Uni a connu une stagnation de la croissance économique depuis 2007, ce qui est un signe d'une économie en difficulté.

💡Productivité

La productivité est une mesure de l'efficacité économique, montrant combien de biens et services sont produits par travailleur. Le texte mentionne que le Royaume-Uni a connu un ralentissement de la productivité, ce qui affecte négativement la croissance économique.

💡Salaires réels

Les salaires réels sont les salaires ajustés pour l'inflation, montrant la quantité réelle de biens et services que les travailleurs peuvent acheter. Le script indique que les salaires réels au Royaume-Uni n'ont pas augmenté depuis 2008, ce qui signifie une stagnation de la pouvoir d'achat.

💡Crisis financière de 2008

La crise financière de 2008 a été un événement mondial qui a entraîné une récession dans de nombreux pays. Le script décrit son impact sur le Royaume-Uni, en particulier sur la secteur financier, et les conséquences à long terme sur l'économie britannique.

💡Austerité

L'austérité économique se réfère à des politiques de réduction des dépenses publiques, souvent suivies après une crise économique. Le texte mentionne une décennie d'austérité au Royaume-Uni, résultant de la dette gouvernementale accrue après la crise de 2008.

💡Brexit

Le Brexit est le processus par lequel le Royaume-Uni a quitté l'Union européenne. Le script aborde les implications économiques du Brexit, y compris les incertitudes et les coûts pour les entreprises et la perte de compétitivité.

💡Inflation

L'inflation est une augmentation générale des prix des biens et services sur le marché. Le texte décrit comment l'inflation a augmenté en 2022 au Royaume-Uni, en partie à cause de la crise ukrainienne, ce qui a entraîné une augmentation des coûts de la vie pour les consommateurs.

💡Investissement

L'investissement est la dépense dans des actifs durables, comme les infrastructures ou la recherche et développement, qui peuvent stimuler la croissance économique à long terme. Le script indique que le Royaume-Uni a un niveau d'investissement faible par rapport à ses pairs, ce qui affecte la productivité et la croissance économique.

💡Santé Nationale (NHS)

La Santé Nationale est le service de santé public du Royaume-Uni. Le script mentionne que le NHS est surchargé et que les attentes de traitement sont longues, reflétant les défis et les coupes budgétaires que le système de santé public a dû endurer.

💡Dette publique

La dette publique est la dette nationale qui doit être remboursée par les gouvernements. Le texte souligne que la dette publique du Royaume-Uni est élevée, ce qui pose des problèmes pour les finances publiques et limite les options politiques pour stimuler l'économie.

Highlights

Le Royaume-Uni, qui a autrefois dirigé l'Empire le plus vaste de l'histoire, est désormais en train de perdre de son importance mondiale.

En 2007, le PIB par habitant du Royaume-Uni était légèrement supérieur à celui des États-Unis, mais il n'est maintenant que de 60% de celui de l'Amérique avec un PIB par habitant de 46 000 dollars contre 76 000 dollars aux États-Unis.

Le Royaume-Uni est en fait plus pauvre que Mississippi, l'État le plus pauvre des États-Unis, avec un PIB par habitant d'environ 48 000 dollars.

Si les tendances actuelles se poursuivent, la Pologne pourrait dépasser le Royaume-Uni en termes de PIB par habitant dans un délai de dix ans.

Il n'y a pratiquement pas de croissance économique ajustée pour l'inflation au Royaume-Uni depuis 2007, en partie à cause de l'arrêt brutal de la croissance de la productivité.

Si la tendance de la productivité avant 2007 avait continué, l'économie du Royaume-Uni aurait été 25% plus grande qu'elle n'est actuellement.

Les salaires réels, ajustés pour l'inflation, montrent que les Britanniques gagnent une somme similaire à celle de 2008, signifiant que le pouvoir d'achat a stagné.

Les entreprises cotées en bourse au Royaume-Uni ont eu une mauvaise décennie passée, comme le montre l'indice Footsie, qui a augmenté de seulement 25% depuis le début du siècle.

Comparativement, l'indice S&P 500 américain a augmenté de plus de 250% pendant la même période, soit environ 10 fois plus.

L'impact des verrous pendant la pandémie selon le Centre pour la justice sociale est que la vie recule pour de nombreuses personnes souffrant de troubles de santé mentale.

La crise financière de 2008 a été la pire récession au Royaume-Uni depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, principalement à cause de la grande taille de son secteur financier.

Après la crise financière, le gouvernement et la Banque d'Angleterre ont fourni des prêts d'urgence pour restaurer la confiance et prévenir la propagation de la crise.

La crise de 2008 a également eu un impact sur le reste de l'économie à cause de la baisse des prêts et de la défiance publique, entraînant une baisse de la dépense et une réduction du PIB du pays de 6%.

La pandémie de COVID-19 a causé une baisse record du PIB de 11% en 2020, la pire performance économique depuis 1709.

L'inflation est montée à 11,1% en octobre 2022, un pic de 40 ans, conduisant la Banque d'Angleterre à augmenter les taux d'intérêt pour freiner l'économie et atténuer l'inflation.

Le Royaume-Uni souffre d'une productivité stagnante depuis 2007, ce qui signifie que le pays n'est pas en train de rendre ses ressources et sa main-d'œuvre plus efficaces au fil du temps.

Le Royaume-Uni est en fait le dernier des pays du G7 en termes d'investissement, avec l'une des plus faibles investissements dans les infrastructures et la recherche et développement.

Le secteur financier du Royaume-Uni est l'un des plus grands exportateurs de services financiers au monde, avec un excédent de 99,2 milliards de livres en 2022.

L'économie du Royaume-Uni est fortement dépendante des services, avec 81% du PIB dans ce secteur, reflétant une déclinaison de l'industrie manufacturière.

Le Brexit a eu un impact négatif à la fois à court et à long terme, entraînant une pire récession et une récupération pour le Royaume-Uni par rapport aux pays restant dans l'UE.

L'ambassadeur chinois a clairement exprimé que le Royaume-Uni n'est ni un concurrent ni un adversaire, demandant au gouvernement britannique de ne pas surestimer son impact sur la scène mondiale.

Transcripts

play00:03

not a lot of countries are experiencing

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a downfall as dramatic as the United

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Kingdom the country that once ruled over

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the largest Empire in history is now

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Fading Into

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irrelevance in 2007 the country had a

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slightly higher GDP per capita than the

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United States now it only has 60% of

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America's figure with a GDP per capita

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of

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$46,000 compared to

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$76,000 in the US the UK is actually

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poorer than Mississippi the poorest

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state in the US with a GDP per capita of

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around

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$48,000 and if current trends continue

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Poland could overtake the UK in GDP per

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capita within a decade this doesn't come

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out of nowhere adjusted for inflation

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there is been virtually no economic

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growth in the UK since

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2007 in part this is due to to a sudden

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halt in productivity growth if the

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productivity trend from before 2007 had

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continued the UK's economy would have

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been 25% bigger than it is now but

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there's a lack of innovation and

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investment and the country is falling

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behind its peers this has also had an

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effect on real wages meaning wages

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adjusted for inflation Brits are earning

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a similar amount now as back in 2008

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meaning purchasing power has stalled

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before this period real wages used to

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grow 33% a decade publicly traded

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companies in the UK also had a terrible

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past two decades we can see this in the

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footsie stock index tracking the

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country's 100 biggest stocks at the time

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of writing this video it has only grown

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about 25% since the beginning of the

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century for comparison the American S&P

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500 Index has grown over

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250% during the same time period or

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around you know 10 times as much

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but all these things leave us

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questioning why the country is

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struggling so much or as Britain's would

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say in a bit of a pickle is it

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government policy International

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competition or other fundamentals that

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are causing this decline in this video

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we'll take a close look at the UK's

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economy and we'll go over the possible

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consequences that this downfall might

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have and you can see the UK the higher

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these bars are the more equal the UK is

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much more unequal than many other

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countries around Europe with no plans to

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improve its resilience Britain is

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heading for systems collapse everyone's

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on strike the NHS is broken and we're

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skint Where Do We Go From Here the

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impact of lockdowns during the pandemic

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according to the Center for social

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justice which produced the report is

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that life is going backwards for many

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with staggeringly high numbers

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experiencing mental health conditions as

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mentioned earlier things started going

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down downhill for the UK from 2008 so to

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truly understand the roots of the

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problem we have to look back to the

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great financial crisis 2008 saw the

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worst recession in the UK since World

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War II only surpassed by the co shock in

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2020 because the country has a large

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financial sector the impact of the

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crisis was huge following the collapse

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of the Layman brothers and the issues

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with subprime mortgages in the US the

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Global Financial Market was in shambles

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many banks globally including the ones

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in the UK faced liquidity issues they

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couldn't get their customers cash back

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because they were holding bad loans the

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British Northern Rock Bank experienced

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these problems which led to the First

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Bank Run in the UK in 50 years there

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were also Financial issues with the hbos

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bank the Royal Bank of Scotland and the

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Bradford and Bingley Bank the government

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in London as well as the country's

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Central Bank the bank of England stepped

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in to provide Emergency Loans this was

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to restore confidence and to prevent the

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crisis from spreading even further still

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these problems in the financial sector

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had long- lasting effects because the

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government spent a lot of money on

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bailing out Banks and fighting the

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crisis government debt soared the

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problems with government finances led to

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a decade of austerity which we'll

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discuss later the 2008 crisis also had

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an impact on the rest of the economy

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because of reduced lending and public

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Trust spending declined and the

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country's GDP fell by 6% but this

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recession was very different from others

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which we can see on this chart comparing

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the post recession recoveries most of

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the time growth is back on track 3 or 4

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years after the crisis starts but in

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2008 the crisis had caused a stagnation

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of about a decade what makes us even

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worse is that 12 years later the country

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got hit by another economic disaster or

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we should say two the co pandemic caused

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a record GDP decline of 11% in 2020 the

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worst economic performance since

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1709 it was a steeper decline than any

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other major economy like many other

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governments London turned to

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inflationary financing to prevent things

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from going from bad to worse basically

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it was keeping the economy alive with

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government debt this debt went from 86%

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of GDP to 5% of GDP in a year up about

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20 percentage points the country's

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Central Bank the bank of England also

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helped with this through quantitative

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easing it pumped nearly half a trillion

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pounds in the economy in 2020 and 2021

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this worked out in the first year as

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most of the initial damage was already

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undone by 2021 but giving a lot of

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stimulus to the economy comes with a

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price as it can create inflation later

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on this process also called the

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transmission process can take one or two

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years to complete as the UK was gearing

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up for a postco inflation wave it was

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hit by another crisis when Russia

play06:10

invaded Ukraine in 2022 Energy prices

play06:13

soared due to sanctions at its peak

play06:16

electricity in the UK became nearly 10

play06:19

times as expensive the government in

play06:22

London tried to help consumers with

play06:24

support packages but that didn't really

play06:25

do much to prevent inflation combined

play06:28

with the effects of Co there was a

play06:30

massive cost of living crisis in October

play06:33

of 2022 inflation reached a peak of

play06:36

11.1% a 40-year high the bank of England

play06:41

had to increase interest rates to slow

play06:43

down the economy and ease inflation

play06:46

think of high interest rates like hit in

play06:48

the brakes where people lend less money

play06:50

and buy less goods for example it

play06:53

becomes more expensive to finance a car

play06:55

with a loan but because purchasing power

play06:57

had just been slashed after the cost of

play06:59

living crisis the spending decline got

play07:02

even worse the same car that had just

play07:04

gotten harder to finance was also way

play07:06

more expensive due to inflation and this

play07:09

didn't just happen with cars but

play07:11

throughout the entire economy in the

play07:13

final half of 2023 the UK was once again

play07:16

in a recession surprisingly it was the

play07:19

only G7 Nation to be in Decline although

play07:22

the other major economies experienced

play07:24

stagnation GDP is once again recovering

play07:27

in 2024 but the crisis IES of 2020 and

play07:30

2022 hurt the country permanently

play07:33

economists predict that it caused a

play07:35

long-term loss of 3% of

play07:41

GDP still this whole story doesn't seem

play07:44

to differ much from the rest of the

play07:46

world most countries experienced the

play07:48

same problems in 2008 2020 and 2022 but

play07:52

the UK suffered way more from these

play07:54

crises than others did which leads to an

play07:56

interesting question why is Britain so

play07:59

much worse off than its peers well to

play08:02

understand this we have to look at the

play08:03

country's economic

play08:05

fundamentals as we've already discussed

play08:07

productivity has stalled ever since 2007

play08:10

this means that the country isn't making

play08:12

its people and resources more effective

play08:14

over time stagnating productivity goes

play08:16

hand inand with low investment

play08:19

investment into things like

play08:20

infrastructure and research and

play08:22

development is usually what drives

play08:24

productivity growth unsurprisingly the

play08:26

UK consistently ranks as the lowest of

play08:29

the G7 and among the lowest of the 37

play08:32

developed economies in terms of

play08:34

investment one of the key metrics in

play08:36

this regard is gross fixed Capital

play08:38

formation which measures how much money

play08:41

is invested rather than consumed on this

play08:43

chart we can see that ever since the

play08:45

late 1990s the UK has been lagging

play08:48

behind its peers France and the United

play08:50

States the private sector is one of the

play08:52

issues here as the UK has the lowest

play08:55

private sector investment in the G7 this

play08:58

has only been a problem for the last

play08:59

last two decades back in 1996 it was

play09:02

actually second in private investment

play09:04

among G7 countries if we dig even deeper

play09:07

we can find the root cause for this

play09:09

decline before 2008 there was a few

play09:12

highly productive companies that were

play09:14

causing most of the productivity growth

play09:16

the top 5% had growth in the double

play09:19

digits these businesses included the

play09:21

UK's successful Finance sector the UK is

play09:24

the largest net exporter of financial

play09:26

services globally with a 99 2 billion

play09:30

pound Surplus in the financial sector in

play09:33

2022 London is competing with New York

play09:36

as the world's Financial Capital the

play09:38

point is though that the rest of the

play09:40

economy didn't enjoy similar growth the

play09:44

bottom 40% of companies were already

play09:46

stagnating or even declining in

play09:48

productivity before 2008 in economics

play09:51

this is called a two-speed economy where

play09:53

some parts are growing but other parts

play09:55

are stagnating or even declining the

play09:58

two-speed problem is way worse in the UK

play10:00

than in other countries such as France

play10:02

or Germany as you can see on this chart

play10:04

Britain has more low productivity

play10:06

companies on the left and more High

play10:08

productivity companies on the right we

play10:11

can also see these divisions at a

play10:12

regional level some well-off parts of

play10:15

London have double or triple the income

play10:17

of Southern Scotland or west Wales

play10:19

within London there's also a nearly

play10:21

triple income difference between the

play10:23

poorest and the wealthiest districts

play10:26

this is a symptom of wider problems it

play10:28

means that some some parts of the

play10:30

country are just way more productive

play10:31

than other parts the reason is that

play10:34

investment is concentrated in just a few

play10:36

areas London is attracting most of the

play10:39

foreign direct investment with around 40

play10:41

to 50% of the money going there no

play10:44

wonder that London has outgrown all

play10:46

other regions by a long stretch but

play10:48

following the crisis in 2008 the cracks

play10:51

begin to show the businesses in the

play10:53

financial sector slowed down this

play10:56

revealed the fact that most of the

play10:58

economy already had serious productivity

play11:00

and investment issues beforehand so a

play11:03

big issue is that the UK's workers are

play11:05

not productive enough at least outside

play11:07

of London but another fundamental

play11:09

problem is that the country doesn't have

play11:10

enough workers to begin with the UK's

play11:13

Workforce is collapsing which

play11:15

undoubtedly plays a role in the economic

play11:17

decline Britain's birth rates have been

play11:20

below the replacement level since

play11:22

1973 largely following Trends in other

play11:24

developed Nations like the us or France

play11:27

it sits at 1.56 births per woman right

play11:30

now which would translate into every

play11:32

generation being more than 20% smaller

play11:35

still the population has continued to

play11:37

grow and is expected to grow until 2050

play11:39

in part this is because of the Aging

play11:41

population because people simply get

play11:43

older the growth in the elderly

play11:45

population makes up for the lower births

play11:48

but that's not solving the economic

play11:49

problems since the elderly population

play11:52

doesn't have much economic output in

play11:54

about 25 years a quarter of UK citizens

play11:57

will be over 65 which will have a major

play12:00

impact on public finances while spending

play12:03

on health care and Social Security only

play12:05

increases income and tax revenues only

play12:08

goes down as more people retire however

play12:11

the Aging problems in the UK aren't that

play12:13

bad relatively speaking the country's

play12:16

population pyramid is actually pretty

play12:18

healthy at least compared to Nations

play12:20

like Italy various European countries

play12:23

have new generations 60% smaller than

play12:26

the boomer generation which is something

play12:28

the UK doesn't have to worry about this

play12:30

is because birth rates are slightly

play12:32

better but also due to high levels of

play12:34

immigration for 30 years now Britain has

play12:37

been consistently taking in more people

play12:39

than went out of the country net

play12:42

immigration has increased enormously

play12:45

going from 100,000 yearly to nearly 3/4

play12:48

of a million in

play12:49

2022 but there's one problem with

play12:51

immigration it's hard to get

play12:53

high-skilled Workers into the country in

play12:55

fact it's hard to keep high-skilled

play12:57

workers in the UK while 1.2 million

play13:00

people migrated to the country in 2023

play13:03

more than 500,000 moved out of the UK

play13:05

during the same year this is causing a

play13:08

weird brain drain situation it's

play13:10

attracting people from lower developed

play13:12

countries while it's losing people to

play13:14

higher developed economies because other

play13:16

nations offer better salaries the more

play13:18

productive workers in the UK naturally

play13:21

move out now one area of the economy

play13:24

seems to be exempt from these problems

play13:26

the finance industry the banks and

play13:29

insurers in London still offer good

play13:31

salaries and their workers are very

play13:33

productive as they're the only one

play13:34

winning in the UK's two-p speed economy

play13:37

but what if the finance industry is

play13:39

actually part of the problem you see the

play13:42

country's capital markets are broken

play13:45

this is pretty obvious the country with

play13:47

an enormous financial sector is

play13:49

ironically the one struggling with

play13:51

underinvestment it's clear that the

play13:53

financial activities in London aren't

play13:56

really connected with the rest of the

play13:57

country and total the UK's financial

play14:00

institutions have $33 trillion in assets

play14:03

which basically includes all the

play14:05

Investments and Loans on their balance

play14:07

sheets there is no way that the UK

play14:09

economy of $3 trillion can absorb all of

play14:13

that money with financial assets 11

play14:16

times GDP there's simply not enough

play14:18

demand for loans and there are not

play14:20

enough businesses to invest in but

play14:23

that's the point London's financial

play14:25

sector is mostly doing business

play14:27

internationally for comparison the US

play14:29

financial sector has assets five times

play14:32

the GDP which is more in line with

play14:34

domestic demands for loans and

play14:36

investment while this outsized financial

play14:38

sector had its benefits for London it

play14:41

leads to a broken system for the rest of

play14:43

the country the 2008 crisis hit the UK

play14:46

way harder than other countries due to

play14:48

the overdependence on finance and there

play14:51

are also other structural problems the

play14:53

pound is arguably overvalued because of

play14:56

the huge demand in the financial system

play14:58

this makes other Industries

play15:00

uncompetitive internationally with an

play15:03

overvalued currency exports are more

play15:05

expensive and imports are cheaper You

play15:07

could argue that the rise of the

play15:09

financial sector came at the expense of

play15:10

the UK's manufacturing industry in 1900

play15:14

Britain had the biggest industrial

play15:15

output in the world as it was the first

play15:18

country to industrialize but more than a

play15:20

100 years later there's nothing left of

play15:22

this in the area of total manufacturing

play15:25

output it's only 11th in the world over

play15:29

the last 30 years in particular the

play15:31

industrial decline has gotten very bad

play15:34

the value added from manufacturing was

play15:37

haved from 16% of GDP to 8% of GDP all

play15:42

of the simple manufacturing has gone to

play15:44

countries like China while high-end

play15:46

manufacturing has been more successful

play15:48

in Germany and the US the effect of this

play15:51

has been clear the UK now has an economy

play15:54

heavily reliant on services with 81% of

play15:57

GDP falling in this category in the

play16:00

nation's trade position we can also see

play16:02

this trend it has a growing Trade

play16:04

Surplus in services and a growing trade

play16:06

deficit in Goods overall Britain's total

play16:10

trade balance is at a deficit which

play16:12

shows the true cost of an overvalued

play16:18

currency now we could go on for hours

play16:21

talking about all the other economic

play16:22

factors playing into this but you get

play16:24

the point there's something

play16:26

fundamentally wrong with the UK's

play16:28

economic model model understandably this

play16:30

is having an impact on the country's

play16:33

politics voters are fed up and there has

play16:36

been a huge loss of confidence in the

play16:38

UK's governance although everyone

play16:40

recognizes the problems by now the

play16:43

different parties disagree on the

play16:45

correct policies to fight them a

play16:47

watershed moment Was the brexit vote in

play16:50

2016 it decided whether the country

play16:53

should leave the European Union and it

play16:55

was a very close call 51 9% of Voters

play17:00

wanted to leave while

play17:02

48.1% wanted to stay brexit was

play17:05

undoubtedly a trade-off the benefits

play17:08

included freedom from the EU in economic

play17:11

policymaking and more protection for

play17:13

domestic Industries but critics of

play17:15

brexit pointed out that the UK relies

play17:17

heavily on free trade with the EU like

play17:21

many economists predicted brexit had a

play17:23

negative effect both in the short and

play17:25

long term after Co the UK had a worse

play17:29

recession and recovery than countries

play17:31

who remained in the EU in part this was

play17:34

caused by the downstream effects of

play17:36

brexit companies who used to do business

play17:38

with the EU now have higher costs in

play17:41

their supply chains because of trade

play17:43

barriers for London's beloved financial

play17:46

industry there were also some bad

play17:48

consequences over 440 Financial firms

play17:51

have moved jobs out of the UK and banks

play17:54

have transferred nearly $1.4 trillion to

play17:57

European accounts Ireland France

play18:00

Luxembourg and Germany have welcomed

play18:02

this with open arms still staying in the

play18:05

EU would have had some bad effects

play18:07

economically the UK had a growing trade

play18:10

deficit with the rest of the Union which

play18:12

was the biggest contributor to the

play18:13

overall trade deficit in 1999 the UK had

play18:17

a deficit with the EU of around 10

play18:19

billion pounds in 2019 just 20 years

play18:23

later this had already increased to

play18:25

nearly 100 billion pounds the reasons

play18:29

for this were fundamental the UK was

play18:31

losing the competition with the highly

play18:33

productive economies in Western Europe

play18:35

and the low wage economies in Eastern

play18:37

Europe so many believed it was better

play18:40

not to compete with these countries in a

play18:42

free trade zone but after brexit got

play18:45

implemented in 2020 things only went

play18:47

downhill in British politics former

play18:49

prime minister Boris Johnson resigned

play18:52

because of the party Gate scandal it

play18:54

became known to the public that he broke

play18:56

his own Co rules during the lockdowns

play18:59

near the end of his term about 2third of

play19:01

the UK's population disapproved of him

play19:04

this also has an economic impact as

play19:07

political instability isn't good for PR

play19:10

and it didn't get a whole lot better

play19:12

afterwards Boris Johnson was followed by

play19:14

Liz truss after she stepped down she was

play19:17

replaced by the current prime minister

play19:18

Rishi sunak he doesn't enjoy good public

play19:21

support with 70% of Brits having an

play19:24

unfavorable view of him in part this is

play19:27

because he carries the 14 yearlong

play19:29

conservative Legacy with him defined by

play19:32

economic stagnation recently he called a

play19:35

new election to take place on the 4th of

play19:37

July this is a huge bet since his rival

play19:40

labor candidate is ahead 30 percentage

play19:42

points at the time of writing this video

play19:44

some estimate Rishi sunak chances of

play19:46

winning are just

play19:48

1% still it remains to be seen if a

play19:50

potential labor government will do much

play19:52

better for the economy it can start off

play19:54

with a blank slate but it will still

play19:56

face a bunch of impossible problems one

play19:59

of these issues has to do with public

play20:00

finances public investment by the

play20:03

national and local governments is below

play20:04

average compared to the UK's peers this

play20:07

fits into the economically conservative

play20:09

policies of the Tory governments defined

play20:12

by tons of austerity measures there's

play20:14

one reason for this namely High public

play20:16

debt authorities have a debt reaching

play20:18

nearly 100% of GDP in just 30 years the

play20:22

debt relative to GDP increased nearly

play20:25

fivefold as it was just 20% in 1990

play20:29

during the fiscal year of 2022 to 2023

play20:32

interest payments on public debts

play20:34

increased to a record 111

play20:37

billion with a working population of 33

play20:40

million that's already more than £3,000

play20:42

per worker interest payments have even

play20:45

exceeded the UK's spending on its

play20:46

education system when a country spends

play20:49

more on debts than on education that

play20:51

should tell you enough about where it's

play20:53

headed this will only get worse if the

play20:55

current High interest rates continue

play20:57

because debt will be become more

play20:59

expensive to maintain these financial

play21:01

problems will force the government in

play21:03

London to make some tough decisions it

play21:05

can either decrease spending or increase

play21:07

tax rates but there isn't much room to

play21:10

do both of these things the country's

play21:12

tax burden is set to hit an 80-year High

play21:14

by the end of the decade jumping to an

play21:16

average of

play21:17

37% for the highest earning Brits income

play21:19

tax is already at 45% increasing this

play21:22

even further will meet a lot of

play21:25

resistance however the austerity

play21:27

measures of the conservative government

play21:29

are also nearing their limit eight out

play21:31

of 10 UK citizens think that public

play21:33

services have gotten worse over the last

play21:35

5 years the low budgets are having a

play21:38

real effect on the quality of Education

play21:40

healthc care and the justice system

play21:42

recently the government published a list

play21:44

of 147 State schools whose buildings are

play21:47

at a risk of collapse the country's

play21:50

National Health Service has a backlog of

play21:52

about 7.7 million people waiting for

play21:54

treatment that's one in seven people in

play21:57

the entire country not being able to

play21:59

receive the care they need the justice

play22:02

system is in a similarly dire situation

play22:05

magistrates courts have more than

play22:07

300,000 criminal cases outstanding the

play22:09

crown courts who are dealing with more

play22:11

serious offenses are 65,000 cases behind

play22:15

in short Britain's public services are

play22:17

crumbling which is the result of a

play22:19

decade of cost cutting the potential new

play22:21

labor government will try to put an end

play22:23

to this by increasing spending but

play22:25

that's also not a viable long-term

play22:27

solution it will have to increase taxes

play22:30

even further or put on even more debt

play22:33

which can lead to more problems down the

play22:35

road another hardto solve issue for

play22:37

British politicians is the country's

play22:39

trade position in 2023 the country

play22:41

imported 33 billion pound more in goods

play22:44

and services than it exported Britain

play22:47

has had a trade deficit every year since

play22:49

1998 except for 2020 we've already

play22:52

covered how this was a big reason for

play22:54

leaving the EU but in order to keep

play22:57

Britain's trade flowing the nation has

play22:59

tried to shift its economic alliances

play23:01

with other countries it might be able to

play23:02

get more favorable trade deals the one

play23:05

country where it set most of its hopes

play23:06

on was the United States brexit

play23:09

supporters said that leaving the EU

play23:11

would allow for more trade with the US

play23:13

negotiations for a US UK trade deal

play23:16

started in 2020 but have stalled ever

play23:18

since last year the two countries signed

play23:20

the Atlantic declaration which improves

play23:23

bilateral trade but is far from a Free

play23:25

Trade Agreement the issue is that the US

play23:28

doesn't have the same interests as the

play23:29

UK when it comes to the partnership both

play23:32

sides of the aisle in Washington want to

play23:34

protect domestic Industries meaning they

play23:37

don't want to open up the American

play23:38

Market to foreign goods and services on

play23:41

a state level however there are more

play23:43

opportunities the UK has signed trade

play23:45

packs with eight us States including the

play23:48

second and third most populous states

play23:49

Texas and Florida in total the UK has

play23:52

already accessed a quarter of the US GDP

play23:55

talks with other states like California

play23:57

and Illinois are ongoing there are also

play23:59

new trade deals with other countries

play24:01

since brexit the UK has signed packs

play24:03

with Canada Mexico Israel Switzerland

play24:06

South Korea and turkey these agreements

play24:09

largely replicate the eu's agreements

play24:11

with these countries but the UK also

play24:14

tries to use its independence from the

play24:15

EU to improve economic ties with new

play24:18

countries in 2021 it signed a free trade

play24:21

agreement with Australia and in 2022 it

play24:24

did the same with New Zealand there have

play24:26

been years of negotiations with India

play24:28

although there are no results as of yet

play24:31

the two countries have similar sized

play24:32

economies and they could both benefit

play24:34

from Mutual trade still a possible free

play24:37

trade deal between the UK and India have

play24:39

been suspended until both have had

play24:45

elections to sum it all up Britain is

play24:47

facing a lot of headwinds if the current

play24:50

economic situation continues the effects

play24:52

will be dramatic the nation that used to

play24:54

have an Empire where the sun doesn't set

play24:57

could lose all of significance on the

play24:59

world stage a Chinese Ambassador made it

play25:02

very clear during an interview when

play25:04

asked if China and the UK were

play25:05

competitors he simply explained that

play25:07

Britain is not a competitor nor an

play25:09

adversary quote unquote the British

play25:12

government should not overestimate its

play25:14

impact on the global scene and view

play25:16

Britain as a rival of China oh that's a

play25:20

rude awakening

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