Como está o local da Apollo 11 hoje?

Mistérios do Espaço
25 Jul 202408:43

Summary

TLDRThis script narrates the awe-inspiring journey of humankind's first steps on the moon with the Apollo 11 mission in July 1969. It highlights the Saturn V rocket's monumental role in overcoming Earth's gravity to reach the lunar surface. The script delves into the precision landing, the mission's duration, and the legacy left behind, including equipment and the American flag. Decades later, images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) reveal the unchanged landing site, with no signs of the flag's shadow, suggesting it may have fallen during ascent. The script concludes by emphasizing the enduring footprint of human ambition in space exploration.

Takeaways

  • 🚀 The Saturn V rocket, developed during the space race, was powerful enough to overcome Earth's gravity and take humans to the Moon for the first time in July 1969.
  • 🌕 NASA conducted six successful lunar missions between 1969 and 1972, marking a significant achievement in human space exploration.
  • 🛰️ The Apollo program required extraordinary precision to land on the Moon, involving hundreds of people and making it one of the most ambitious projects ever undertaken.
  • 🔭 The Saturn V rocket, standing equivalent to a 36-story building, was capable of carrying at least 50 tons of payload to the Moon, making it a historical milestone in rocket technology.
  • 🌌 The energy required for the Saturn V launch was immense, generating a thrust of 34.5 million newtons, equivalent to lifting a 400-ton rocket to over 40,000 km/h.
  • 🛰️ The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) with its LROC camera is used to capture high-resolution images of the Moon, revealing the condition of the Apollo landing sites decades later.
  • 📸 The LROC camera can generate up to 155 GB of data during operation, capturing images with a resolution of half a meter per pixel.
  • 🌘 The Moon's surface does not change significantly, meaning the Apollo landing sites have remained largely the same over the decades.
  • 🏁 The Apollo 11 landing site, named Sea of Tranquility, was chosen for its relatively flat terrain, but still presented challenges such as avoiding craters during the final landing approach.
  • 🚩 There is no evidence of the American flag's shadow in images of the Apollo 11 landing site, suggesting it may have fallen during the ascent, and the ultraviolet radiation on the Moon likely bleached the flags white.
  • 👀 The images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter provide proof of humanity's lunar landings and demonstrate our ambition and determination to explore other worlds.

Q & A

  • What was the significance of the Saturn V rocket in the Apollo missions?

    -The Saturn V rocket was significant because it was powerful enough to overcome Earth's gravity and carry the lunar modules to the Moon, enabling the first human landings on another celestial body.

  • How many successful Apollo missions were conducted between 1969 and 1972?

    -Between 1969 and 1972, NASA conducted six successful Apollo missions that landed on the Moon.

  • What was the distance from Earth to the Moon that the Apollo astronauts had to travel?

    -The Apollo astronauts had to travel approximately 400,000 km to reach the Moon.

  • What was the role of the Command Module in the Apollo missions?

    -The Command Module orbited the Moon and housed all the essential equipment, including the Lunar Module that carried the astronauts to and from the lunar surface.

  • What was the approximate weight of the Command Module during the Apollo missions?

    -According to NASA data, the Command Module weighed around 5,000 kg.

  • What challenges did the Apollo 11 astronauts face during their lunar landing?

    -Apollo 11 astronauts had to manually pilot the Lunar Module to avoid a crater approximately 10 to 80 meters wide and 30 meters deep for a safe landing.

  • What is the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and its role?

    -The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a satellite in lunar orbit equipped with a powerful camera, the LROC, to capture high-resolution images of the lunar surface and monitor changes over time.

  • What resolution can the LROC camera achieve in capturing images of the Moon?

    -The LROC camera can capture images with a resolution of half a meter per pixel.

  • What evidence suggests that the Apollo 11 flag may have fallen during the ascent?

    -Buzz Aldrin reported seeing the flag falling during the ascent due to the force of the exhaust gases, and the absence of the flag's shadow in images suggests it was not standing.

  • How has the Apollo 12 flag fared over the decades on the Moon?

    -Images from the LROC indicate that the Apollo 12 flag is still standing, although it is likely to have turned completely white due to exposure to the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.

  • What is the estimated longevity of the footprints left by the Apollo astronauts on the Moon?

    -The footprints on the Moon could potentially last for millions of years due to the extremely slow erosion rate on the lunar surface.

Outlines

00:00

🚀 The Historic Apollo Moon Landings and Saturn V Rocket

This paragraph discusses the monumental achievement of landing on the moon, highlighting the Saturn V rocket's role in the Apollo missions. It emphasizes the rocket's power and capacity to overcome Earth's gravity, carrying astronauts to the moon in July 1969. The Saturn V, capable of lifting 50 tons of payload, was a historic feat of engineering, unmatched by modern rocket projects even after more than 50 years. The paragraph also touches on the precision required for lunar landing and the collective effort of hundreds involved in the Apollo program, marking it as one of the most ambitious projects ever undertaken.

05:01

🌕 Lunar Landing Sites: Past and Present

The second paragraph delves into the current state of the Apollo moon landing sites, using the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and its powerful LROC camera to capture high-resolution images. It describes how the moon's surface has changed little over the decades, with the Apollo 11 landing site in the Sea of Tranquility still visible, including the equipment left behind. The absence of a shadow from the flag suggests it may have fallen during ascent. The paragraph also mentions the Apollo 12 mission, where the flag's shadow is visible, indicating it still stands. The slow erosion rate on the moon means that footprints and landing sites could remain intact for millions of years, a testament to human ambition and exploration.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Moon Landing

Moon Landing refers to the event where humans first set foot on the lunar surface. It is the central theme of the video, highlighting the historic Apollo 11 mission in July 1969. The script mentions the achievement of landing on the Moon as a testament to human ambition and technical prowess, marking the first time humans stepped on another celestial body.

💡Saturn V Rocket

The Saturn V Rocket was the powerful launch vehicle that carried the Apollo missions to the Moon. Named in the script, it was capable of lifting over 50 tons of payload into lunar orbit. The rocket's development is a key aspect of the video, showcasing the engineering marvel that enabled the Moon landings and remains a benchmark in rocket technology.

💡NASA

NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is the United States government agency responsible for the civilian space program as well as for aeronautics and aerospace research. The script discusses NASA's role in conducting the successful Apollo missions between 1969 and 1972, emphasizing the organization's dedication to space exploration.

💡Lunar Module

The Lunar Module, also known as the LEM, was the portion of the Apollo spacecraft built for landing on the Moon. The script describes its crucial role in safely transporting astronauts to and from the lunar surface, with particular mention of the Apollo 11 mission's landing in the Sea of Tranquility.

💡Lunar Orbiter

The Lunar Orbiter was a series of unmanned spacecraft sent by NASA to the Moon to capture images of potential landing sites for the Apollo missions. The script refers to the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and its powerful camera, the LROC, which continues to provide detailed images of the Moon's surface, including the Apollo landing sites.

💡Sea of Tranquility

The Sea of Tranquility, or 'Mare Tranquillitatis' in Latin, is a lunar mare, a plain of solidified lava on the Moon. The script identifies it as the landing site for the Apollo 11 mission, chosen for its relatively flat and smooth terrain, which was ideal for the first human landing on the Moon.

💡Lunar Regolith

Lunar regolith refers to the upper layer of loose, fragmented material that covers solid rock on the Moon's surface. The script implies the importance of understanding the regolith's properties for the safe landing and activities of the Apollo astronauts, as well as its preservation of footprints and other traces of human presence.

💡Space Race

The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for supremacy in spaceflight capability. While not explicitly mentioned, the script's context of the Apollo missions and the Saturn V rocket is deeply rooted in this historical competition, illustrating the drive to achieve significant milestones in space exploration.

💡Astronaut

Astronauts are individuals trained, equipped, and prepared to travel into space. The script celebrates the courage and determination of the Apollo astronauts, particularly Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, who were the first to land and walk on the Moon, demonstrating human capability and curiosity.

💡Lunar Surface Features

Lunar surface features include craters, maria (large, dark, flat areas), and mountains that characterize the Moon's landscape. The script discusses how the astronauts had to manually navigate to avoid a large crater during the Apollo 11 landing, highlighting the challenges and precision required for lunar landings.

💡UV Radiation

UV Radiation, or ultraviolet radiation, is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. The script mentions that the UV radiation on the Moon's surface, unfiltered by an atmosphere, likely bleached the colors of the flags left by the Apollo missions, illustrating the harsh environmental conditions on the Moon.

Highlights

Traveling to the moon was an impressive feat achieved during the space race, solely by escaping Earth's gravity with a powerful and heavy rocket.

The Saturn V rocket, which is still unmatched by the world's largest rocket projects even after more than 50 years, was powerful enough to carry the first humans to the moon in July 1969.

The Apollo program's six successful missions between 1969 and 1972 marked an extraordinary achievement in human space exploration.

Landing on the moon was a high-risk journey with little guarantee of return, yet the astronauts courageously accepted the challenge.

The Saturn V rocket, used in the 1960s and 1970s, was an impressive 36-story building in size and capable of carrying at least 50 tons of payload to the moon.

The Saturn V rocket generated a thrust of nearly 34.5 million newtons, equivalent to a force of 3.5 million kg, to overcome Earth's intense gravitational field.

The command and service module housed all essential equipment, while the lunar module carried the astronauts and the fuel needed to return to orbit.

The Apollo 11 landing site, the Sea of Tranquility, was chosen for its relatively smooth and leveled area, despite the presence of some craters.

Neil Armstrong had to manually pilot the lunar module in the last minutes before landing to avoid a crater approximately 10-80 meters wide and 30 meters deep.

The Apollo 11 mission lasted 21 hours and 36 minutes, from landing to liftoff and return to lunar orbit.

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) with its LROC camera is used to observe the Apollo landing sites, providing high-resolution images of the moon's surface.

The LROC camera can generate at least 155 GB of data during operation, capturing images with a resolution of half a meter per pixel.

Images from the LRO reveal that the Apollo 11 landing site has remained largely unchanged over the decades, with no significant alterations observed.

There is no evidence of the flag's shadow in the images, suggesting it may have been knocked down during the ascent of the lunar module.

The ultraviolet radiation on the moon's surface, unfiltered by an atmosphere, likely faded all flags, causing them to lose their original colors.

The Apollo 12 mission's flag is still standing, as indicated by shadows visible in images from the LROC, suggesting it has not been knocked down.

The moon's extremely slow erosion rate means that the Apollo landing sites, including footprints, could last for millions of years.

The precise images of the landing sites serve as proof of human ambition and determination to explore other worlds.

Transcripts

play00:01

[Música]

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viajar a lua foi uma Façanha realmente

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impressionante feita durante a corrida

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espacial somente e simplesmente pelo

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fato de termos saído da gravidade da

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terra com um foguete incrivelmente

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poderoso e pesado o desenvolvimento do

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Saturno 5 como foi chamado é até hoje

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desafiado pelos projetos dos maiores

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foguetes do mundo no entanto mesmo mais

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de 50 anos depois não tem sido fácil

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superá-lo pelos novos projetos a verdade

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é que ele foi Poderoso o suficiente para

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levar os primeiros humanos à Lua em

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Julho de

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1969 marcando a primeira vez que humanos

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pisavam em outro corpo celeste mas como

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está o local de pouso hoje tantas

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décadas depois no vídeo de hoje vamos

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ver as imagens mais recentes que mostram

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os locais de pouso lá na lua

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[Música]

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Por que fomos à Lua final entre 1969 e

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1972 a NASA conduziu não só uma mas seis

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missões bem-sucedidas que pousaram em

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nosso satélite natural a da lua foi um

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feito extraordinário levando seres

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humanos a um corpo celeste imerso no

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vácuo do espaço com ajuda mais próxima a

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nada mais nada menos que 400.000 km de

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distância e a lua era quase como

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embarcar em uma jornada de alto risco

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com poucas garantias de retorno no

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entanto os astronautas que corajosamente

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aceitaram esse desafio mostraram ao

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mundo que sim é possível alcançar as

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estrelas se houver determinação para

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isso foi construído o Foguete mais

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poderoso disponível na época necessário

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para vencer a poderosa gravidade da

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terra Além disso pousar ou melhor alunar

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em um corpo celeste com uma tripulação

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exigir uma precisão extraordinária

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resultando em um desafio histórico com o

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envolvimento de centenas de pessoas

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indiretamente e diretamente no que pode

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ser o projeto mais ambicioso já feito

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até hoje para começo de conversa o

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Saturno 5 foi um foguete impressionante

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e utilizado nas décadas de

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1960 até

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1970 com o tamanho equivalente a um

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prédio de 36 andares ele era capaz de

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levar pelo menos 50 toneladas de carga

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útil até a Lua sem esse projeto os

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Estados Unidos Definitivamente não

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teriam conseguido realizar as missões

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lunares até hoje o Saturno 5 é um dos

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foguetes mais funcionais e mais

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poderosos já lançados tornando-se um

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Marco verdadeiramente histórico o que

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mais impressiona é a quantidade de

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energia necessária para o lançamento

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para superar o intenso campo

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gravitacional da Terra e levar os modos

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lunares até a Lua o Saturno 5 gerava um

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empuxo de quase 34,5 5 milhões de

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newtons equivalente a uma força de 3,5

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milhões de qug essa força era suficiente

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para levantar o foguete que pesava cerca

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de 400 toneladas e acelerá-lo a mais de

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40.000 km/h permitindo então que

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alcançasse a órbita de transferência

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lunar durante a jornada de três dias até

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a Lua restava apenas um módulo de

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comando e serviço que abrigava todos os

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equipamentos essenciais como o módulo de

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descida e os próprios astronautas

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enquanto o módulo de comando orbitava a

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lua o módulo de descida descia

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suavemente até a superfície garantindo

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um pouso seguro com exceção da Polo 13

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todas as missões do programa Polo a

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partir da Polo 11 chegaram a lua e

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retornaram sem maiores problemas segundo

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os dados da Nasa o módulo de comando

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pesava mais ou menos 5000 kg enquanto o

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módulo de descida que levava os

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astronautas e precisava de combustível

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extra para voltar até a órbita depois

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pesava mais de 23.000 kg essa diferença

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toda entre os módulos se traduzia nada

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mais nada menos em combustível quando

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eles chegaram à órbita lunar o módulo de

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descida

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desacoplando e começou a descer

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continuamente naquele momento a

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humanidade estava recebendo as imagens

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mais próximas da superfície lunar já

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registrada buz aldre Michael Collins e

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new Armstrong estavam a uma distância de

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aproximadamente 400.000

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da terra tornando-se os primeiros seres

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vivos a viajarem tão longe alcançando

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distâncias que nenhuma outra pessoa

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havia atingido antes na história a

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aproximação era cada vez maior até que

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os propulsores foram acionados guiando

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módulo para um pouso suave com sucesso a

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uma velocidade de pouco mais de 1 m por

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segundo depois do pouso feitos com a

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primeira pegada e a bandeira sendo

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fincada no solo foram feitos a missão em

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si durou 21 horas 36 minutos quando o

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módulo decolou novamente e eles

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retornaram à órbita lunar para trás

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ficaram equipamentos partes do módulo a

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própria Bandeira e tudo mais o local de

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pouso Foi numa região da lua chamada de

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mar da Tranquilidade um lugar escolhido

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porque é uma área relativamente Lisa e

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nivelada no entanto essa região ainda

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possui algumas crateras e nos últimos

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minutos antes do pouso New Armstrong

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teve que pilotar manualmente o módulo

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para evitar uma cratera medindo cerca de

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10 80 m de largura e 30 m de

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profundidade para tentar entender como

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essa região está hoje cinco décadas

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depois vamos precisar usar um dos

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satélites mais importantes em órbita com

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satélite natural o lru uma sigla em

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inglês que significa orbitador de

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reconhecimento lunar nesse orbitador

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temos uma das câmeras mais poderosas no

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espaço a lroc para tentar entender a

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capacidade do equipamento basta ter em

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mente que a câmera pode gerar pelo menos

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155 GB de dados durante o seu

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funcionamento a câmera é basicamente um

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telescópio refletor com um espelho de

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19,5 cm de diâmetro o sensor fabricado

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pela Kodak pode capturar imagens da

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superfície lunar com uma resolução de

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meio m por Pixel dessa forma orbitando a

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lua em altitudes baixíssimas ela pode

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espiar a região de Pouso da Polo e

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revelar Como está o lugar por ali

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detalhe como a lua não sofre alterações

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significativas a região praticamente não

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muda em mais de 50 anos essa imagem por

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exemplo revela a região da Apolo 11 e

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por incrível que pareça dependendo da

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posição do sol podemos ver a sombra

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Projetada dos equipamentos Deixados para

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Trás curiosamente não há sinais de que

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haja a sombra da Bandeira O que é um

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indício de que tenha sido derrubada

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durante a subida do módulo o próprio

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Buzz Aldrin diz que durante a decolagem

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avistou a bandeira caindo no chão pela

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força dos gases em exaustão na subida a

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radiação ultravioleta do sol que não é

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filtrada na superfície lunar porque é

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Desprovida de atmosfera provavelmente

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desbotou todas as bandeiras fazendo com

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que perdessem suas cores originais

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visitando outras regiões de pouso no

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entanto a situação é um pouco melhor a

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bandeira da missão Apolo 12 apresenta

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sombras nas imagens da eloc indicando

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que ela está de pé até hoje Numa

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pesquisa com imagens da sombra

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comparando com as direções e tudo mais

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não restou dúvidas as imagens da elock

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indicavam que ela ainda estava presente

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por lá estava de pé mas também deve

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estar completamente Branca pela

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exposição aos raios ultravioleta do Sol

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considerando que a taxa de erosão da lua

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é extremamente lenta Possivelmente nada

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Ali vai mudar por muito mas muito tempo

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para você ter uma ideia tirando a

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Extrema exceção de um impacto logo no

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lugar as famosas pegadas na lua podem

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durar tanto quanto vários milhões de

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anos é incrível Estamos vendo imagens do

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ponto preciso do pouso e é incrível

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imaginar que chegamos tão longe assim se

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você ainda tem dúvidas da nossa ir da

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lua volte o vídeo e reveja as imagens

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elas são a prova da nossa ambição como

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seres curiosos e determinados a explorar

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Outros Mundos pessoal se vocês gostaram

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deste vídeo não se esqueçam de deixar o

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like aqui que é muito importante e se

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você não está inscrito aqui no canal

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ainda Convido você apertar botão

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inscrever-se aí embaixo até a

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próxima a

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[Música]

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Related Tags
Apollo MissionsLunar LandingSaturn VSpace ExplorationMoon SurfaceAstronautsSpace HistoryLunar OrbiterLunar LegacyUV Radiation