Lec 63: Familiarity with Components - I
Summary
TLDRThis lecture introduces various components utilized in power electronic converters, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right package for each component. It differentiates between through-hole and surface-mount device (SMD) packaging, highlighting the benefits of SMD for miniaturization and efficient PCB utilization. The lecture also touches on key specifications for resistors, such as resistance value, tolerance, and power rating, underscoring the necessity of matching component packages with PCB footprints for successful design.
Takeaways
- š The lecture introduces various components used in power converters, including power semiconductor devices, heat sinks, magnetic components, capacitors, and EMI filters.
- š Control circuits and sensing circuits are integral parts of power electronic converters, requiring small values of R, L, and C, as well as various ICs for their operation.
- š© Traditional components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors come with leads and are mounted on PCBs through holes, which is referred to as through-hole packaging.
- š” Through-hole components require two holes in the PCB, and they are soldered from the opposite side where the component is placed.
- š¦ Different packages like PDIP, DIP, TO220, and TO18 are mentioned, each with specific sizes and applications for through-hole components.
- š Surface Mount Devices (SMD) are a newer packaging method that allows for miniaturization and more compact designs without the need for holes in the PCB.
- š SMD components are soldered directly onto the surface of the PCB, freeing up the other side for additional components or routing.
- š SMD packages come in various sizes, such as 1806 and 1825, with different dimensions that can be chosen based on the desired compactness of the design.
- š Power semiconductor devices are typically not available in SMD packages due to their higher power ratings, and they usually come in through-hole packaging.
- š When selecting components, it's crucial to match the package type specified in the datasheet with the footprint on the PCB to ensure compatibility.
- š¢ Resistors are essential in various circuits, and their key specifications include resistance value, tolerance, and power (wattage) rating, which are important for proper circuit design and functionality.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the lecture on Design of Power Electronic Converters?
-The lecture focuses on familiarizing students with various components used in power converters, including power semiconductor devices, heat sinks, magnetic or inductors and transformers, capacitors, and EMI filters, as well as control circuits and miscellaneous sensing circuits.
Why are control circuits and sensing circuits important in power electronic converters?
-Control circuits and sensing circuits are important as they are part of different sections of power electronic converters, used for controlling and sensing the operation of the power electronic converters.
What are through-hole components and how do they relate to PCB design?
-Through-hole components are traditional electronic components that have leads at their ends, requiring two holes in the PCB for mounting. They are soldered from the backside of the PCB, which is opposite to the side on which the component is placed.
What is the difference between through-hole packaging and surface mount devices (SMD) packaging?
-Through-hole packaging requires holes in the PCB and soldering from the backside, while SMD packaging does not require holes. SMD components are mounted directly onto the surface of the PCB using solder, allowing for more compact designs and better utilization of space on both sides of the PCB.
Why is miniaturization important in electronic design?
-Miniaturization is important because it allows for smaller and more compact designs, which is essential in modern electronic devices where space is often limited.
What are some common types of SMD packages for resistors, capacitors, and ICs?
-Common types of SMD packages include 1806, 1825 for resistors and capacitors, and SOT23, SOT223 for ICs. These packages vary in dimensions and are chosen based on the required size and compactness of the design.
Why is it important to match the package type in the PCB design with the component's actual package?
-Matching the package type in the PCB design with the component's actual package is crucial to ensure proper mounting and soldering of the components. Using incorrect footprints can lead to manufacturing issues and potential device malfunction.
What are the key specifications to consider when selecting a resistor for a circuit?
-The key specifications to consider when selecting a resistor include the resistance value, tolerance (how much the actual resistance can vary from the specified value), and the power or wattage rating, which is associated with the current passing through the resistor and the resulting I^2R losses.
How do the dimensions of SMD packages differ from through-hole packages?
-SMD packages are generally smaller and more compact than through-hole packages. The dimensions of SMD packages are specified in terms of their surface area and, sometimes, height, whereas through-hole packages are identified by their lead configuration and casing size.
What is the significance of looking at the datasheet when selecting electronic components?
-The datasheet provides critical information about the component, including the available packages, dimensions, electrical characteristics, and other specifications. It ensures that the selected component meets the design requirements and is compatible with the PCB layout.
Why might it be necessary to use through-hole packaging for certain power semiconductor devices?
-Through-hole packaging might be necessary for power semiconductor devices due to their higher power ratings, which may not be achievable with SMD packaging. Through-hole packaging can provide better heat dissipation and mechanical support for these high-power components.
Outlines
š Introduction to Power Converter Components
The first paragraph introduces the topic of the lecture, which is the design of power electronic converters. It discusses the various components used in power converters, including power semiconductor devices, heat sinks, inductors, transformers, capacitors, and EMI filters. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of control circuits and sensing circuits, which are integral to the operation of power electronic converters. It also introduces the concept of through-hole components and their packaging, explaining how they are mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) using leads and holes.
š¦ Through-Hole vs. Surface-Mount Device Packaging
The second paragraph delves into the differences between through-hole and surface-mount device (SMD) packaging. It explains that through-hole components require holes in the PCB for soldering from the opposite side, while SMD components are soldered directly to the surface of the PCB, allowing for more efficient use of space. The paragraph also discusses the miniaturization benefits of SMD packaging and mentions various SMD packages for different electronic components, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and ICs. It highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate package based on the PCB design requirements.
š Key Specifications for Resistors in Electronic Circuits
The third paragraph focuses on the key specifications to consider when selecting resistors for electronic circuits. It outlines the importance of knowing the resistance value, tolerance, and power or wattage rating of a resistor. The resistance value determines the amount of current the resistor will allow, while the tolerance indicates the acceptable variation in resistance. The wattage rating is crucial for ensuring the resistor can handle the power dissipation resulting from the current passing through it. The paragraph concludes by reminding the audience to match the component package with the PCB footprint during the design process.
Mindmap
Keywords
š”Power Electronic Converters
š”Hardware Design
š”Power Semiconductor Devices
š”Heat Sinks
š”Magnetics
š”Capacitors
š”EMI Filters
š”Control Circuits
š”Through-Hole Packaging
š”Surface-Mount Devices (SMD)
š”Resistors
Highlights
Introduction to the lecture on the Design of Power Electronic Converters, focusing on hardware design and components used in power converters.
Discussion of power semiconductor devices, heat sinks, magnetic components, capacitors, and EMI filters as integral parts of power converters.
Emphasis on the importance of control circuits and sensing circuits in power electronic converters for control and monitoring.
Mention of the use of small values of R, L, and C, along with various ICs for different purposes in power converters.
Explanation of through-hole packaging for electronic components, including the need for holes in PCBs and soldering from the backside.
Description of the evolution in packaging from traditional through-hole to surface-mount devices (SMD) for miniaturization.
Advantages of SMD over through-hole packaging, such as smaller size, no need for PCB holes, and better utilization of space.
Different types of SMD packages available for various electronic components, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and ICs.
Importance of selecting the correct SMD package based on the required dimensions and space constraints in PCB design.
The necessity to match the component package specified in the datasheet with the footprint used in PCB design.
Discussion on the specifications of resistors, including resistance value, tolerance, and power rating.
The significance of understanding the power rating of resistors in relation to the current passing through them and the associated I^2R losses.
Highlighting the key points of the lecture, which include the variety of component packages and the importance of choosing the right one for PCB design.
The importance of careful selection and matching of component packages to ensure successful PCB design and functionality.
Transcripts
Welcome to the course on Design of PowerĀ Electronic Converters. So, we were discussingĀ Ā
hardware design. So, in this lecture, let us getĀ familiar with some of the components that are usedĀ Ā
in power converters. Now, many of the componentsĀ that are used in power electronic converters areĀ Ā
by now, in the course, we have looked into areĀ the power semiconductor devices, heat sinks,Ā Ā
magnetic or inductors and transformers thenĀ capacitors, EMI filters all of it we have lookedĀ Ā
into. Now, let us look into some of the otherĀ components that are used in power converters. Ā
So, mostly you will be having associatedĀ control circuits and miscellaneous sensingĀ Ā
circuits that will be there as part of differentĀ sections of your power electronic convertersĀ Ā
apart from just the power electronic circuit.Ā So, there we will be needing small values of RĀ Ā
L and C and various miscellaneous ICs. So, these ones are like your resistors thisĀ Ā
everybody is familiar with. So, this isĀ going to be used is very much used in yourĀ Ā
power electronic converter boards forĀ different purpose is especially yourĀ Ā
electronic circuits the miscellaneous electronicĀ circuits that are required for your control andĀ Ā
sensing of your power electronic convertersĀ and small inductors and capacitors. Ā
So, what we see here that these are theĀ traditional components and these have got leadsĀ Ā
added to ends. And when we want to put themĀ on a PCB, that is a printed circuit board,Ā Ā
so, we have to have 2 holes in it. So, thatĀ means, when we want to put it so this will beĀ Ā
2 holes and through which if let us say we have toĀ put this capacitor, this capacitor is going to goĀ Ā
into and this is your going to be the board. So, that is why these are called as your throughĀ Ā
hole components or the packaging isĀ called as the through hole packagingĀ Ā
and when we use ICS there also if we go for thisĀ through whole package, so there are differentĀ Ā
sizes in which they are manufactured.Ā So, it is a PDIP DIP but then this TO220Ā Ā
this package and then there are TO18 so,Ā there are various different packages. Ā
So, package if we have to understand in veryĀ simple way it is like whatever your component isĀ Ā
in what package, what kind of casing, what kindĀ of leads it comes into that, that is your package.Ā Ā
And when it is obtained in these manner,Ā where you have got the leads coming out whichĀ Ā
when you have to solder it into the PCB, so youĀ have to have good holes on it. And you have toĀ Ā
solder it from the backside means opposite to theĀ side on which the component is placed. So that isĀ Ā
your through hole and in that for different ICsĀ in different components and different types ofĀ Ā
through hole packaging are there. Then next type of package is yourĀ Ā
SMD surface mount devices. Now, this isĀ relatively newer than the through hole packaging.Ā Ā
So, for example, if these are your SMDĀ resistors, now these are very small small,Ā Ā
your components much smaller than the throughĀ hole packaging in which your any component comes.Ā Ā
Now, we are moving towards miniaturization. WeĀ want everything to be very small and compactĀ Ā
and so SMD packages they help us in makingĀ it small and compact, because they are muchĀ Ā
smaller than the through hole package. Further you do not need the holes in the PCB,Ā Ā
that means you do not have to place the componentĀ on one side and may create the holes in the PCBĀ Ā
and solder the component from the other side. ThatĀ means both the sides are then utilized or capturedĀ Ā
by one component when you are using a true holdĀ device, whereas when we use an SMD device, it isĀ Ā
like you just have to stick it by the solder toĀ that surface is of the PCB and the other side ofĀ Ā
the PCB can be used for placing other componentsĀ or for routing or any other purpose. Ā
So, if we are not able to get the picture, soĀ it is let us say this is the SMD component. So,Ā Ā
what we do is we place it like this and hereĀ this is on these two sides, it is soldered. So,Ā Ā
you do not have to have any holes and yourĀ other side of the PCB that need not be that isĀ Ā
not utilized by the one particular componentĀ that you are soldering on another side. Ā
Now, this may not only comes for resistor, forĀ capacitors also their SMD you can see that theseĀ Ā
are your electrolytic SMD caps for small valuesĀ only, relatively small values only your SMD canĀ Ā
be manufactured when the ratings become higherĀ then it is not possible to have SMD package thenĀ Ā
you have to go for a through hole packaging thatĀ is why most of your power semiconductor devices,Ā Ā
they come in your through holeĀ package and not in your SMD packaging.Ā Ā
And in the SMD also there are different packagingĀ that means the dimensions are different. Ā
Now, here you can see that this one is in 1825Ā SMD package, this is the dimension 4.5 into 6.4,Ā Ā
here the height is not mentioned only this, thisĀ surface is mentioned that dimension is mentioned.Ā Ā
And if you compare it with this one 1806 here youĀ can see that it is 4.5 into 1.6 that means this isĀ Ā
further smaller. So, different packagingsĀ are there so, how small and compact you want,Ā Ā
you can choose the SMD package accordingly. Ā
And these are your SMD inductorsĀ you can see that some of theseĀ Ā
inductors are SMD inductors and these are alsoĀ your SMD inductors and these are your diodesĀ Ā
SMD diodes, and then these SMD transistors andĀ then these are your other regulator ICs which areĀ Ā
also SMD. So, many of the electronic componentsĀ are now available in your SMD package. And inĀ Ā
SMD also the various different packages areĀ there in them also they are manufactured. Ā
And for your ICS that we use in electronic ports,Ā they also your these SMD packaging are there hereĀ Ā
some of the pictures are shown your this SOT23,Ā SOT223 and further several other packages thatĀ Ā
are shown and here again some more packages ofĀ these surface mounted technology for your ICs areĀ Ā
shown here. Depending on how large or small youĀ want to make, how much space you have, you canĀ Ā
decide the package of the IC that you need. So, important thing to note down is that whenĀ Ā
you go into the datasheet, you shouldĀ be looking for the package that you needĀ Ā
and what are the packages in which the IC is orĀ the component is manufactured by the manufacturer,Ā Ā
because not all packages may be provided byĀ the manufacturer, few different packages mayĀ Ā
of the same component may be available. And then when you design the PCB, then youĀ Ā
should be careful that you put the footprintĀ of the same package and not the other. So,Ā Ā
this matching is very important. You should haveĀ the information of not only the component that youĀ Ā
need, but also the component and which packageĀ is what you are going to use in your board. Ā
Now, resistors this of course we know electronicĀ boats we need a lot in analog circuits andĀ Ā
different sensing circuits that you may be using.Ā At several several other places you may be needingĀ Ā
these kinds of small small resistors and resistorsĀ you may be already knowing that there are variousĀ Ā
different types of resistors that are available,Ā we will not be going into it you can read onĀ Ā
your own if you are interested in all that. Now, the important specifications of resistor thatĀ Ā
you should be knowing is that oneĀ is the value of the resistanceĀ Ā
means how much ohm value you need,Ā and then you should know the toleranceĀ Ā
means can you tolerate plus minus 5 percentĀ of the value that you need or plus minus 10Ā Ā
percent or plus minus one percent? How muchĀ is the change in the resistance value thatĀ Ā
can happen that is usually given byĀ the when the resistor is specified. Ā
And then the next thing is theĀ wattage rating or the power ratingĀ Ā
means do you need half watt resistor or 1 wattĀ resistor 5 watt resistor, what is the powerĀ Ā
rating of the resistor that you require? It isĀ basically associated with your I squared R losses,Ā Ā
how much current will be passing through thatĀ resistor and how much I squared R losses willĀ Ā
be happening that you should be aware of andĀ then you should be choosing the resistor ofĀ Ā
the correct wattage. So, these are the threeĀ important specifications for your resistors. Ā
So, the key points of this lectureĀ are that that there are differentĀ Ā
packages for the same component, and eachĀ package has got different dimensions. So,Ā Ā
if you have 2-3 different types of packagesĀ in which the component is being manufactured,Ā Ā
so those 3 different packages will have 3Ā different dimensions. And you should chooseĀ Ā
the package. What do you need and then be carefulĀ to use the same one in your board. Thank you.
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