May 2022 CE Past Board Exam Problems in Mathematics, Surveying, and Transportation Engineering

Sol Usman Jr

5 Feb 202308:59

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into the principles of applied mathematics in various engineering fields, focusing on transportation and highway construction management. It covers essential elements like navigation, guidance, and control for highway design, safety measures such as scaffolding capacity and protective systems against cave-ins, and the importance of formwork in concrete construction. Additionally, it touches on project management tools like PERT/CPM networks and the significance of contracts and safety culture, including toolbox meetings and profile completion post-construction.

Takeaways

🛣️ The basic lane width suitable for National Road is 3.35 meters, which is crucial for transportation planning.
🚦 Chevron signs are used to guide drivers through changes in the horizontal alignments of the road, enhancing road safety.
🏗 Scaffolding must have a capacity at least four times its own weight to ensure stability and safety during construction.
🚗 Driving tasks can range from complex to boring, requiring careful consideration by highway designers to accommodate different driver capabilities.
🚧 Protective systems like sloping, benching, and shield systems are essential for preventing cave-ins and ensuring worker safety in excavations.
📝 Specifications provide detailed requirements for materials, equipment, and workmanship in construction projects.
⏱ When preparing a PERT/CPM Network diagram for a construction job, time scheduling is a critical factor to consider.
🛠 The ability of a material to dissipate or deaden mechanical vibrations is an important property in construction materials.
📊 A profile drawing is a representation with vertical axis and horizontal distance measured along the center line of the facility, useful for visualizing elevation changes.
📑 A contract is a formal agreement between two parties, often legally binding, which outlines the terms of a construction project.
🗣️ Toolbox meetings are informal group discussions focusing on safety issues, promoting a culture of safety on job sites.
🏗️ Formwork is the temporary structure used to support the shape of concrete before it sets, essential in building construction.
📏 Benching is a method of protecting workers from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form horizontal levels or steps.
📊 Queuing diagrams are important for analyzing and understanding the flow and wait times in various processes, including construction.

Q & A

What is the appropriate basic lane width for a National Road according to the surveying principles mentioned in the script?
-The appropriate basic lane width for a National Road is 3.35 meters.
What are the Chevron signs used for in road design?
-Chevron signs are used to guide drivers through a change in horizontal alignments of the road.
What is the minimum capacity requirement for all scaffoldings in construction?
-The minimum capacity requirement for all scaffoldings is to support at least four times its own weight.
What are the three essential elements that a highway designer should consider?
-The three essential elements a highway designer should consider are navigation, guidance, and control.
What is the purpose of the protective system in excavation work?
-The purpose of the protective system in excavation work is to protect employees from cave-ins, material falling or rolling from an excavation face, or the collapse of adjacent structures.
What is the term used to describe the bucket volume contained within the bucket when following the outline of the bucket sides?
-The term used is not provided in the script, as it is interrupted by music.
What are guide signs in the context of road users?
-Guide signs inform road users about the direction and distances of destinations on the route they are following or along other roads that intersect their route.
What does the term 'specifications' refer to in a construction project?
-Specifications provide the detailed requirements for the materials, equipment, and workmanship to be incorporated into the project.
What should be considered when preparing a PERT CPM Network diagram for a construction job?
-Time scheduling should be considered in the preparation of the PERT CPM Network diagram.
What is the significance of a material's ability to dissipate or deaden mechanical vibrations?
-The significance of a material's ability to dissipate or deaden mechanical vibrations is not explicitly stated in the script, but it generally refers to the material's capacity to reduce the impact of vibrations, which can be important in various engineering applications.
What is the term used for a drawing that has its vertical axis and horizontal distance measured along the center line of the facility?
-The term used is not provided in the script, as it is interrupted by music.
What is the term for a formal or legally binding agreement between two parties?
-A formal or legally binding agreement between two parties is referred to as a contract.
What is a toolbox meeting in the context of safety discussions on job sites?
-A toolbox meeting is an informal group discussion that focuses on a particular safety issue and is used to promote department safety culture as well as to facilitate health and safety discussions on job sites.
What is the term used for the process that occurs after the completion of construction and the resolution of the majority of punch list and commissioning issues?
-The term used is 'profile', although it may be a misinterpretation as the script is interrupted by music.
What is the term for the process in building construction where concrete is placed in a form or mold because it cannot maintain a particular shape before it sets?
-The term for this process is 'form work'.
What is the term for a method of protecting workers from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps?
-The term for this method is 'benching'.
What determines the safe capacity of piles driven by powered hammers?
-The safe capacity of piles driven by powered hammers is based on all of the above factors mentioned in the script, although the specific factors are not detailed due to the music interruption.
What devices are generally used to provide delineation as part of the road alignment design process?
-All of the above devices mentioned in the script are used for delineation, although the specific devices are not detailed due to the music interruption.
What are some important properties of queuing diagrams?
-The important properties of queuing diagrams are not detailed in the script due to the music interruption, but they generally include aspects such as waiting time, service time, and system capacity.

Outlines

00:00

🚦 Highway Engineering and Safety Measures

This paragraph discusses various aspects of highway engineering, including the principles of surveying, transportation, and construction management. It highlights the importance of appropriate lane width, which is specified as 3.35 meters for national roads. The use of chevron signs for guiding drivers through changes in horizontal alignments is also mentioned. Furthermore, the paragraph touches on the challenges faced by highway designers due to varying driving conditions and driver capabilities. It emphasizes the three essential elements: navigation, guidance, and control. Additionally, it covers the capacity requirements for scaffoldings, which should be at least four times their own weight, and the need for protective systems to safeguard employees from cave-ins and other hazards in excavations. The paragraph also mentions guide signs that inform road users about directions and distances of destinations.

05:05

🏗️ Construction Practices and Safety Culture

The second paragraph delves into construction practices, specifically focusing on the post-completion phase. It mentions the resolution of punch list and commissioning issues, which is crucial for the final profile of a construction project. The concept of formwork is introduced, explaining that concrete must be placed in a mold or form to maintain its shape before it sets. The paragraph also discusses safety measures such as benching, a method of protecting workers from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form horizontal levels. It touches on the safe capacity of piles driven by powered hammers, which is based on various data points. Additionally, the paragraph highlights the importance of delineation in road design to provide adequate guidance to road users, mentioning that this is generally achieved through the use of specific devices. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on the properties of queuing diagrams, which are important in understanding and managing queues in various contexts.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Applied Mathematics

Applied Mathematics refers to the use of mathematical methods to solve real-world problems. In the context of the video, it likely relates to the principles used in surveying and engineering, such as calculating distances, angles, and structural integrity. It is a fundamental aspect of designing and constructing transportation and highway systems, ensuring that they are both functional and safe.

💡Highway Engineering

Highway Engineering is a branch of civil engineering that focuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of highways and roads. The video script mentions highway engineering in relation to management and methods, suggesting that it covers the technical and administrative processes involved in building and maintaining roads, which is a key part of the video's theme on transportation infrastructure.

💡Lane Width

Lane Width is the measurement of the distance from one side of a traffic lane to the other. The script specifies that the basic lane width appropriate for a National Road is 3.35 meters. This is a crucial detail in highway design, as it affects traffic flow, safety, and the overall efficiency of the road system.

💡Chevron Signs

Chevron Signs are V-shaped markers used along the sides of roads to guide drivers through changes in horizontal alignments, such as curves. They are an essential safety feature in road design, helping to delineate the road's path and warn drivers of upcoming changes in direction, as mentioned in the script.

💡Scaffolding

Scaffolding is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials during construction, maintenance, and repair of buildings or structures. The script mentions that all scaffoldings must have a capacity at least four times its own weight, highlighting the importance of safety and structural integrity in construction projects.

💡PERT CPM Network

PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) are project management tools used to analyze the tasks involved in a project. The script suggests considering time scheduling in the preparation of a PERT CPM Network diagram for a construction job, indicating its use in planning and organizing construction projects to ensure timely completion.

💡Vibration Damping

Vibration Damping is the ability of a material to reduce the amplitude of vibrations. In the context of the video, it refers to the capacity of certain materials to dissipate or deaden mechanical vibrations, which is important in construction for ensuring the stability and longevity of structures.

💡Contract

A Contract is a formal or legally binding agreement between two parties. In the script, it is mentioned in the context of construction, where contracts are essential for defining the terms, responsibilities, and expectations of all parties involved in a project.

💡Toolbox Meeting

A Toolbox Meeting is an informal group discussion focused on a particular safety issue. The script mentions that these meetings can be used daily to promote department safety culture and facilitate health and safety discussions on job sites, emphasizing their role in maintaining a safe work environment.

💡Profile

In the context of construction and engineering, a Profile refers to a side view of a structure or terrain, showing its elevation changes. The script mentions that a profile drawing has its vertical axis and horizontal distance measured along the centerline of the facility, which is used to design and analyze the shape and gradient of roads and other structures.

💡Formwork

Formwork is the temporary molds into which concrete is poured in building construction. The script notes that because concrete cannot maintain a particular shape before it sets, it must be placed in a form or mold, which is a critical process in creating the desired structures.

💡Benching

Benching is a method of protecting workers from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels. The script mentions benching as a safety measure in excavation work, which is essential for preventing accidents and ensuring worker safety.

Highlights

Applied Mathematics principles are surveyed for transportation and highway engineering construction management and methods.

The basic lane width appropriate for National Road is 3.35 meters.

Signs used to guide drivers through changes in horizontal alignments of the road include Chevron signs.

All scaffoldings must have a capacity at least four times its own weight.

Operating a motor vehicle can be complex, demanding, and sometimes boring, presenting challenges for highway designers.

The three essential elements for highway design are navigation, guidance, and control.

Protecting employees from cave-ins involves support systems, sloping, benching systems, and other protective measures.

The bucket volume contained within the bucket sides is referred to as the bucket capacity.

Guide signs inform road users about the direction and distances of destinations on their route or intersecting roads.

Specifications provide detailed requirements for materials, equipment, and workmanship in a construction project.

When preparing a PERT CPM Network diagram, consider time scheduling for the construction job.

A material's ability to dissipate or deaden mechanical vibrations is referred to as its capacity.

A drawing with vertical axis and horizontal distance measured along the center line of the facility is called an elevation.

A contract is a formal or legally binding agreement between two parties.

Toolbox meetings are informal group discussions focused on particular safety issues to promote department safety culture.

Profile occurs after construction completion, resolving punch list and commissioning issues.

Formwork is the process of placing concrete in a form or mold before it sets in building construction.

Benching is a method of protecting workers from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form horizontal levels or steps.

The safe capacity of piles driven by powered hammers is based on specific data and considerations.

Delineation of road alignment is an important part of the design process to ensure adequate guidance for road users.

Important properties of queuing diagrams are discussed, though the specific properties are not detailed in the transcript.