Qué es la IP pública. Curso de redes desde 0 | Cap 1 |

Summary

En este video del curso de redes de NASeros, se presenta una introducción a cómo funciona la red y el uso de acrónimos técnicos. Se explica que Internet es una red de redes, y cómo diferentes proveedores, como Movistar o Google, tienen sus propias redes interconectadas. Se destaca el concepto de dirección IP, diferenciando entre IPs públicas y privadas, y cómo se asignan y utilizan para la comunicación en Internet. Además, se menciona el uso del protocolo TCP/IP para el envío de paquetes de información y cómo funciona la red WAN y LAN en un hogar.

Takeaways

• 🌐 La Internet es una unión de redes, también conocida como 'una red de redes'.
• 📡 Los proveedores de servicios de Internet (ISP), como Movistar, Jazztel, Verizon, AT&T, tienen sus propias redes compuestas por diferentes tecnologías como fibra óptica y ADSL.
• 🌐 Existen múltiples redes de empresas que ofrecen servicios, como Google, Facebook y Apple, que tienen una presencia global con servidores y centros de datos distribuidos.
• 🔄 La interconexión de estas redes permite la comunicación entre ellas, permitiendo enviar mensajes o acceder a servicios a través de diferentes redes.
• 📚 El curso de redes se centrará en explicar conceptos fundamentales, como la importancia de entender cómo funciona la red o la Internet, más allá de los nombres específicos.
• 🔡 Se utilizarán acrónimos y términos técnicos a lo largo del curso, pero el enfoque principal es la comprensión del concepto y no la memorización de nombres.
• 🌐 El uso de protocolos como TCP/IP es fundamental para la división de información en paquetes y su transmisión a través de la red.
• 🏷️ Una dirección IP es esencial para la identificación única de un dispositivo en la red, con formatos como IPv4 y IPv6 que permiten un número limitado de direcciones públicas.
• 📦 La asignación de direcciones IP se realiza a través de organizaciones regionales de Internet (RIR) que asignan rangos de direcciones a los ISP, quienes luego las asignan a los usuarios.
• 🔄 La reutilización de direcciones IP ocurre cuando un usuario se desconecta y su dirección IP es dada a otro usuario recién conectado, debido a que el número de dispositivos conectados supera el número de direcciones IP públicas disponibles.
• 🏠 La diferencia entre una red WAN (área amplia de red) y una LAN (área local de red) se refleja en cómo se asignan las direcciones IP públicas y privadas a los dispositivos dentro de una red doméstica.
• 🔄 La dirección IP pública puede cambiar con frecuencia, mientras que las direcciones IP privadas se mantienen constantes dentro de una LAN, y son diferentes a las públicas.

Q & A

¿Qué es NASeros y quién es @macjosan?

NASeros es un blog que cubre temas relacionados con redes y tecnología, y @macjosan es el creador y presentador de dicho blog, también activo en Twitter y en el canal de YouTube de NASeros.

¿Qué se discute en el primer video del curso de redes de NASeros?

El primer video del curso de redes de NASeros es una introducción sobre qué va a tratar el curso, aunque técnicamente es el segundo video ya que el primero fue una presentación más breve.

¿Qué es importante entender en el curso de redes según el script?

Lo importante es comprender los conceptos detrás de cómo funcionan las redes y el internet, más allá de los nombres y acrónimos técnicos que se utilicen en el curso.

¿Qué es el Internet según el script?

El Internet es una unión de redes, también conocido como una red de redes, compuesta por múltiples redes de diferentes proveedores de servicios de internet (ISP) y organizaciones.

¿Cómo se describe la forma en que funcionan las redes en el script?

Las redes funcionan como un sistema de envío de paquetes de información, donde los datos se dividen en pequeños paquetes que viajan a través de diferentes rutas hasta llegar a su destino.

¿Qué son los protocolos TCP/IP y cómo se relacionan con el funcionamiento de Internet?

Los protocolos TCP/IP son un conjunto de protocolos que permiten el envío y recepción de información en Internet, dividiendo los datos en paquetes y asegurando su entrega eficiente y fiable.

¿Qué es una dirección IP y por qué es importante?

Una dirección IP es una identificación única en Internet que permite a los dispositivos comunicarse entre sí. Es crucial para la navegación y el intercambio de datos en línea.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre una dirección IP pública e IP privada?

Una dirección IP pública es única a nivel mundial y es la que se utiliza para comunicarse en Internet. Una dirección IP privada, por otro lado, se utiliza dentro de una red local (LAN) y no es accesible desde fuera de esa red.

¿Cómo se asignan las direcciones IP a los usuarios según el script?

Las direcciones IP públicas se asignan a los usuarios por su proveedor de servicios de Internet (ISP) cuando se conectan a Internet. Estas direcciones pueden ser reutilizadas por otros usuarios cuando uno se desconecta.

¿Qué es un WAN y cómo se relaciona con la dirección IP pública?

Un WAN, o Red de Área Amplia, se refiere a la conexión a Internet y es donde la dirección IP pública desempeña su papel, identificando de manera única a un usuario en el mundo entero.

¿Qué es un LAN y cómo se relaciona con las direcciones IP privadas?

Un LAN, o Red de Área Local, es una red que cubre una pequeña área como una casa o una oficina. Las direcciones IP privadas se utilizan dentro de estas redes para identificar de manera única a cada dispositivo conectado.

¿Por qué se necesita la asignación dinámica de direcciones IP según el script?

La asignación dinámica de direcciones IP es necesaria debido a la limitación del número total de direcciones IP públicas disponibles (4 billones con IPv4). Esta práctica permite a los proveedores de servicios reutilizar las direcciones IP y satisfacer la creciente demanda de conectividad.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Introducción al curso de redes y conceptos básicos

El primer párrafo presenta el inicio del curso de redes por parte del canal NASeros, con un enfoque en la explicación de conceptos técnicos de manera accesible. Se menciona que, a lo largo del curso, se utilizarán acrónimos y términos técnicos, pero el enfoque principal es la comprensión de cómo funcionan las redes y el internet. Se destaca que el internet es una unión de múltiples redes, como las de proveedores de servicios (ISP) y las de empresas como Google, Facebook y Apple, entre otras. El objetivo es que el espectador comprenda la interconexión de estas redes y cómo se envía información a través de ellas, utilizando analogías con el servicio postal.

05:01

🌐 Explicación sobre IPs públicas y su importancia

Este párrafo se centra en explicar qué es una IP pública y por qué es única en todo el mundo. Se menciona que cada persona o dispositivo conectado a internet recibe una dirección IP pública de su proveedor, que identifica su conexión de manera única. Se discuten los formatos de las IPs públicas y se menciona la versión IPv4 y IPv6. Además, se describe cómo se asignan estas direcciones IP a través de organizaciones internacionales llamadas RIR, que se encargan de la distribución de rangos de IPs a los ISP y otras entidades.

10:02

🔄 Problemas de escasez de IPs y la reutilización de direcciones

En el tercer párrafo, se aborda el tema de la escasez de direcciones IP públicas y cómo se está lidiando esta situación. Se explica que, aunque existen 4 billones de direcciones IP públicas, el número de dispositivos conectados a internet supera este límite. Para solucionar esto, se utiliza la reutilización de IPs; es decir, cuando un usuario se desconecta, su dirección IP puede ser asignada a otro usuario recién conectado. También se menciona el concepto de WAN (Wide Area Network) y cómo se utiliza la dirección IP pública para la comunicación entre dispositivos en diferentes redes.

15:07

🏠 Comprender LAN y la diferencia entre IPs públicas e privadas

El último párrafo concluye el video explicando el concepto de LAN (Local Area Network) y la diferencia entre las IPs públicas y privadas. Se resalta que, dentro de una red local, como la de un hogar, se utilizan IPs privadas, que son diferentes a las públicas y que no son únicas a nivel mundial. Se menciona que las IPs privadas generalmente comienzan con 192.168. Además, se invita a los espectadores a visitar el sitio web de NASeros para obtener más información y se les anima a dar 'me gusta', suscribirse y compartir el contenido si lo encuentran interesante.

Keywords

💡Redes

Las redes son sistemas de comunicación que permiten la interconexión de dispositivos y la transmisión de información entre ellos. En el contexto del video, las redes son fundamentales para entender cómo funciona la conectividad en la internet, ya que la internet es una unión de distintas redes. Ejemplo: 'El internet es una red de redes'.

💡Internet

El internet es una infraestructura mundial de redes interconectadas que permite la comunicación y el acceso a servicios y recursos a través de la red global. En el video, se enfatiza que el internet es un conjunto de redes que se interconectan para permitir la comunicación entre dispositivos. Ejemplo: 'Es la unión de redes'.

💡ISP

ISP significa 'Internet Service Provider' y se refiere a las empresas que proporcionan acceso a la internet a sus clientes. En el video, se menciona que los ISP tienen sus propias redes y asignan direcciones IP a sus usuarios. Ejemplo: 'ISP, internet service provider'.

💡IP Pública

Una 'IP Pública' es una dirección única que se asigna a un dispositivo conectado a la internet, lo que le permite comunicarse con otros dispositivos en la red. En el video, se explica que cada dirección IP pública es única en todo el mundo y es proporcionada por el ISP. Ejemplo: 'Una dirección IP pública es única en todo el mundo'.

💡IP Privada

Una 'IP Privada' es una dirección IP que se utiliza dentro de una red local, como una casa o una oficina. Estas direcciones no son únicas a nivel mundial y no se utilizan para la comunicación fuera de la red local. En el video, se menciona que las direcciones IP privadas son diferentes a las públicas y se utilizan en la LAN. Ejemplo: 'private IP changes private ip is the ip that, you have within your own network'.

💡TCP/IP

TCP/IP es un conjunto de protocolos de red que permiten la comunicación entre dispositivos en la internet. En el video, se menciona que el protocolo TCP/IP es fundamental para la funcionalidad de la internet, ya que permite la transmisión de información en paquetes. Ejemplo: 'basically, what this protocol or this set of protocols consists of, well explained in a very quick way what it consists of in taking the information, from the internet'.

💡Paquete

Un 'Paquete' es una unidad de datos que se transmite a través de una red. En el video, se utiliza el ejemplo de un servicio de paquetería para ilustrar cómo se envían y reciben paquetes de datos en la red. Ejemplo: 'It is Exactly how a parcel service works'.

💡RIR

RIR significa 'Regional Internet Registry' y se refiere a las organizaciones que asignan bloques de direcciones IP a los ISP. En el video, se menciona que hay cinco RIR en todo el mundo que se encargan de la asignación de direcciones IP. Ejemplo: 'an international organization that what, an RIR did was, an organization'.

💡WAN

WAN significa 'Wide Area Network' y se refiere a una red de área amplia que cubre una extensión geográfica amplia y que puede incluir múltiples redes interconectadas. En el video, se explica que la dirección IP pública se utiliza en la WAN para la comunicación entre dispositivos. Ejemplo: 'the WAN is this public ip that your operator gives you'.

💡LAN

LAN significa 'Local Area Network' y se refiere a una red de área local que cubre una extensión geográfica pequeña, como una casa o una oficina. En el video, se menciona que la LAN utiliza direcciones IP privadas y es donde se conectan múltiples dispositivos a una sola dirección IP pública. Ejemplo: 'But what happens if you don't have a computer or equipment at home, you have a couple, of smartphones, a couple of computers and a television'.

Highlights

El curso de redes está enfocado en explicar conceptos fundamentales de cómo funciona la red y la internet.

Se utilizarán acrónimos técnicos a lo largo del curso, pero lo importante es entender los conceptos y no solo memorizar los nombres.

La internet es una unión de redes, conectando diferentes sistemas de operadores como Movistar, Jazztel, Verizon, AT&T, etc.

Las empresas como Google, Facebook y Apple tienen sus propias redes extensas con servidores y centros de datos distribuidos globalmente.

Las universidades y centros de negocio también tienen sus propias redes interconectadas en la red mundial.

El protocolo TCP/IP es fundamental para la interconexión de redes y el envío de información en paquetes.

La analogía entre los servicios de envío de paquetes y el envío de paquetes de datos en la red ayuda a entender cómo funciona la internet.

Una dirección IP es necesaria para identificar de manera única a cada dispositivo conectado a la internet.

Existen dos versiones de IP: IPv4 y IPv6, con IPv4 siendo la más comúnmente utilizada.

Una dirección IP pública es única en todo el mundo y es proporcionada por el proveedor de servicios de internet al conectarse.

La dirección IP pública tiene un formato específico de cuatro números separados por puntos, con valores entre 0 y 255.

Hay 4 mil millones de direcciones IP públicas disponibles, lo que se calcula como 2^32.

Las organizaciones RIR (Región de Internet de Asignación de Números) se encargan de asignar rangos de direcciones IP a las demandantes.

Los proveedores de servicios de internet, como Movistar, obtienen rangos de direcciones IP de las organizaciones RIR para proveer servicios a sus clientes.

Los proveedores de servicios de internet pueden reutilizar direcciones IP de sus clientes que no están conectados simultáneamente para asignar a otros clientes conectados.

La dirección IP pública es única en todo el mundo y se asocia con el WAN (Wide Area Network).

Cuando se envía un paquete de datos, se incluye la dirección IP pública del destinatario y la dirección IP pública del remitente.

En un hogar, todos los dispositivos comparten la misma dirección IP pública, lo que se diferencia del uso de direcciones IP privadas en una LAN (Local Area Network).

Las direcciones IP privadas se utilizan dentro de una red local y suelen comenzar con 192.168.

El próximo video del curso se centrará en las direcciones IP privadas y la red local.

Transcripts

Hello again NASeros. We are back, you know me, I am and @macjosan

on twitter and this is the youtube channel of the NASeros blog. Today we are going with the

first video of the course on networks, it is really the second because the

first one was a small introduction, a presentation of what the course is going to be,

but today it is going to be the first video where I am really going to explain things

where there will be agenda to put it somehow, first of all I have

to tell you that throughout this course and throughout today's video I am going to say

several acronyms I am going to say words as if we were saying a little bit technical, not

much but you are going to see . It is not important that you stay with the

names, what is important is that you understand the concept that you understand

how a network works or how the internet works, then well, don't

worry if I say a word, you don't need to write it down or anything,

well, directly stay with the idea in the first place we have to be clear that it

is the internet we want to connect to the internet well good for

browsing to do a lot of things and we have to be clear that it is the internet

to understand how the networks will later work the

internet is a Union of networks It is said that the Internet is a network of networks I am going

to explain when you connect to your operator Movistar, Jazztel, those

of you who are outside of Spain Verizon, AT&T, regardless of the operator

. They have a network, they have a network that is made up of a lot of

,

well, a network topology that is called good

. the fiber the adsl and they have

your connection that would be a network of the movistar network the jazztel network the network

of the internet operator whatever the internet providers are called and ISP

internet service provider, but then on the other hand there is also a a lot of networks

that are from companies that provide services, for example, a network is provided by

google google has a very extensive network throughout the world full

of server farms and data centers that what they do is, well, all the

services that you already know that google offers the same thing happens with facebook the

same thing happens with apple but then there are also networks

from universities to business centers that is to say there are many networks around

the world give very big What is internet? Interconnecting all these networks

in a video I will explain how these networks are interconnected but

basically you have to get used to the idea that the jazztel network with that of movistar

with that of orange with that of google with that of facebook with that of apple with that of the

The University of Madrid and the University of California are interconnected in such

a way that when I want to send a WhatsApp to a person who is on another

network, because I am from Movistar and I want to send a WhatsApp to a person

from Orange, as the networks are communicated between yes, through a

series of paths and some things that I will explain in a video, well

, the message arrives or when I want to connect to the google browser, well, the

same is the internet, explained in a very fast way, it is an

interconnection of networks

today we are going to see what an ip is more specifically we are going to see what a

public ip is because as we are going to see there are public and private ips

and we are going to focus on public ips you are going to see what Throughout

the videos I am going to make many analogies between what a network is and what a

parcel service or postal service is when it comes to sending a

letter or a package from one person to another. of the

things that networks are based on, what the internet is based on is something

called the tcp/ip protocol, they are really called the tcp/ip protocol

but they are two different protocols, on the one hand there is tcp and on the other There is the

ip at the moment, as I said at the beginning, which gives not only the name, but

later I will explain how these protocols work and what they are for,

basically, what this protocol or this set of protocols consists of

, well explained in a very quick way what it consists of in taking the information

from the internet when we want to send or receive something from the internet take that

information is cut into smaller pieces

, it makes like little packets, some packets are actually called packets like that and what it

does is send it, that is, I have to send a quantity of information to a

person, imagine that it is 10 mb, well, it makes 10 little pieces of a mega send

a little piece send a package of one mega then another then another like this until you send

the 10 megabytes and you will see when I explain that they are not one mega they are

smaller but good so that you get the idea this is how it works and it is

Exactly how a parcel service works When I want to send a

package, that's what I do, I take the package, I put a letter, I do

n't care , I put the recipient's address and then I put my

address, the sender's address, because if there is a problem Well, I want you to

notify me of what you return to me in the package, so you always put the

shipping address and the sender's address of the person who sends the package. Everyone

in the world has a unique address. That is, I live on

the street... which is at the number... of the city... which is in the country... and

when I want to send a package I have to put the

full address, well, I have to put the name of the person the address the floor the

door number, the street, the city, the postal code, I have to put all the country

I have to put all the data because they are unique there is only one person who lives

at a specific address and it is the way we have to send a

letter to a person. What is an IP? that's it, it's the address a public ip is the

address that you have on the internet and it's unique in your home your

internet provider gives you a public ip when you connect to the internet and it's a

unique address in the whole world no one else in everything the world has your address that is a

public ip within the ips there is what is called the ipv4 and ipv6 version

you will not have written it because you will see it written as ipv4 ipv6 and

it means ip version 4 version yes yes these exist two types of

ip ip means internet protocols you have to keep only what

is called internet protocol and basically that is your address that

is unique throughout the world when you connect to the internet your

provider gives you an ip that is very easy to know because if you do not want to enter the router and

look at it, it is as simple as putting my public ip in google public ip what

is my public ip, they will show a lot of web pages that will tell

you what your public ip is. .. The public ip has a format Very specifically, it is four

numbers separated by a point and these numbers go from 0 to 255, it is the typical number

that you will have seen many times, for example 127. 212.14. 86 that is

a public ip that is the public ip format

there are 4 billion public ip addresses and why if you take those numbers

that go from 0 to 255 that I will explain in another video now not because it is a little

more complicated to explain When we already have a little more level I will

explain it, they go from 0 to 255 if you take that it gives 2 to the power of 32, which is

4 billion public IPs and here you can get one of those 4 billion

so how are these IPs assigned? Well, it was very simple when

the internet was born at the beginning, because there was an international organization that what

an RIR did was, an organization, Apple would arrive,

any university would arrive and tell them I need a range of IPs

I need some IPs so this organization What he did was give him what

is called a range, that is, I told him, well, I'll give you these 100,000 IPs, these 200,000, a million, whatever they are. It gave him a very large number of IPs and

so to speak, it was written down on a piece of paper, in fact, it was noted in a

notebook at the beginning, it was like that if he wrote down Apple given from the ip such to

which of Google from this to this Stanford University from this one to

this one was writing down the there is some moment that the control at the world level was already

divided into 5 RIR to put it in some way that they are

records and now what is done is those five records do not exactly coincide

with continents but well In one way or another we can say that they are like five

continents. Well, here I leave it for you to see in Spain. Well, in

Europe we have RIPE and how it works, well, when an operator, a provider of

internet, for example, movistar wants to provide a service, he wants an IP range, he goes to

this organization, in this case it would be ripe in Europe, and he says hey, I need IPs

because I am going to provide service to my clients or because I want to connect many

computers, so he says, well, look at you. We give these 200,000 ips and then that

ip range is done. It's good that each subscriber

, when the internet is connected, is given an ip as simple as that, so when

you do these famous internet tests, as I said before, you

go to knowing what your ip is tells you public ip... and it puts you below movistar

jazztel orange whatever provider it is because it is in the public domain because if

you enter the web page of these organizations you can know exactly

what range of IPs they have given

For example, if a

university or an organization needs a range of IPs, it has to go to an Internet provider

and this provider well It will give you the range of IPs that you

deem appropriate, what is the problem with this IP, well, there are

four billion, which is a lot, you say that is outrageous, yes, but the

problem is that when the Internet was born it was something more academic because They

were connected, above all, universities, in fact, the birth of the

internet, which I will surely do in a video, I will explain how the

internet was born and how the networks were interconnected at the beginning, and how all

this came about, was linking universities

, American universities, and well, when the internet began and all These

protocols and all this, nobody thought at that time that we would

have the amount of connected equipment today because today we no longer only

have computers, we have computers, smartphones, televisions

, light bulbs, thermostats, well, the famous IoT, now we have an infinite number of connected equipment

that far exceeds four billion

, so what is it that they give movistar as an axis For example, 200,000

IPs but he really does not have 200,000 subscribers, he really does have

300,000, well, Movistar is counting on the fact that the 300,000 subscribers will not be

connected at the same time and he will not need the 300,000 IPs at the same time, which is

what It does, then, when someone is connected, they give an IP the public IP

that I have just commented on and when that subscriber disconnects, they no longer

need internet, because what they do is take advantage of that IP, reuse it and

give it to another subscriber . that has just been connected is a way that when

we have more ips it is that there are more users than ip, well, to go as rotating

in fact it is not even necessary to turn off the router when you turn off the

router if you look at these web pages You will see that the public ip changes but

when it seems good to movistar for an annoyance or the operator that is

directly changes the ip

so it is clear that you have a public ip that is unique in the whole world

that is exclusive for you at least in the mine I'm sure you have it and that's what's

called the WAN. WAN comes from wide area network or wide area network the one is

what I have told you is to understand each other in all these interconnected networks

the WAN is this public ip that your operator gives you but then on the other

hand you say okay I have a public ip when I want to send a

package, which is what I do when I want to connect to the internet, very

simple, and now I want to connect to google, for example, what I have to

do is my computer creates a package, so to speak, that it puts the

destination address, that is, it puts the public ip of google and then

it puts my public ip as the sender, so the computer gives that packet to the router

and through a system that I will explain another day, well, well, that packet goes through a

series of networks of pipes, to put it in some way, until it reaches

google because it has its public ip set, its destination address, maybe you

want to consult something in the search engine, so what google does

is create another package as it has your destination address he knows where the packet has

arrived, he creates another packet in which the

destination address will be your public ip he puts his source ip which in this case is google

it creates the package and sends it to you and since the destination address is now

yours again, well, that package makes its way back through those same

pipes or through others, we'll see and the information you were looking for

in google when you want to send an email you want to connect

to any other computer because it is done exactly the same with knowing the

public ip of that computer you create a packet and it is sent that is the WAN.

But what happens if you don't have a computer or equipment at home, you have a couple

of smartphones, a couple of computers and a television. That they all leave with

the same public ip that you have to be very clear about when all the computers

leave regardless of the computer that is from the computer that is when it creates

that packet when that packet arrives at the router

they all leave with the same public ip so for Google will receive a

packet regardless of whether it is from a smartphone, from another smartphone or from a

computer, they will all receive it with the same public ip, the ip of

your home address and from here we go to what is the famous LAN . LAN means local area

network or local area network that is your house and in your house so you can have

a lot of equipment and there the private IP changes private ip is the ip that

you have within your own network and it is the one that It has the famous number of

192,168. generally 0 or 1 point and then each team whatever.

Therefore, the public ip has the format that I have told you and the private ip

has a very similar format, it also has four numbers separated by a

period, so we have to distinguish between the private ip and the public ip,

summarizing what idea I want you to understand only I want you to keep in mind that we

have a public IP that is published that changes over

time, but while you have it, that public IP assigned to your

Internet provider is unique throughout the world and identifies you, identifies

your computer or your home a unique way in the whole world and when you want

to connect to a computer or a network because you want to check facebook google or whatever

they also have a public ip that is unique in the world of course

google or any of these sites have an ip public that is fixed in your house if

you want you can also have a fixed public ip but hey that is paying

by paying your provider gives you a fixed ip and that's it but for domestic use it is

not usual that is more for companies, servers, well, for other types of uses,

basically that's what I want you to keep today in the next video I'm going to

talk about private IPs about what the LAN is, the local network and for

now we'll leave it here. As you already know, if you want more information, you can go to

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bye bye