The Hero's Journey and the Monomyth: Crash Course World Mythology #25

Summary

In this episode of Crash Course Mythology, Mike Rugnetta explores the concept of heroes across different cultures, focusing on Joseph Campbell's theory of the hero's journey, also known as the monomyth. The video breaks down the three stages of this journey—departure, initiation, and return—highlighting how these patterns appear in various myths. Rugnetta also discusses Campbell's influence and critiques, including his narrow views on gender. The episode ends with an Australian myth about seven sisters, offering an alternative perspective on heroism.

Takeaways

• 🏆 Heroes are central to mythological stories across different cultures and eras, often embodying various qualities like bravery, wisdom, and perseverance.
• 🔍 Joseph Campbell's theory of the monomyth, or the hero's journey, is a framework that outlines a common structure in hero myths across cultures, despite its controversial aspects.
• 🚶‍♂️ The hero's journey involves three main parts: departure, initiation, and return, each with specific stages that a hero typically undergoes.
• ✉️ The hero's journey usually begins with a 'call to adventure,' where the hero is invited to leave the ordinary world and embark on a quest.
• 💪 Trials and challenges are a crucial part of the hero's journey, representing the hero's growth and transformation as they prove their worthiness.
• ⚔️ The hero often encounters a 'meeting with the goddess' or faces a 'woman as temptress,' which tests their maturity and resolve.
• 👨‍👦 Confrontation with a father figure is a common element in the hero's journey, symbolizing psychological growth and enlightenment.
• 🏠 The return phase of the hero's journey is as important as the quest itself, focusing on the hero's reintegration into society with newfound knowledge or power.
• 🌟 Not all hero stories fit neatly into Campbell's framework; for example, the story of the Seven Sisters from Aboriginal mythology shows alternative forms of heroism.
• 🧠 Campbell's theory invites us to explore the psychological significance of hero myths and how they reflect universal human experiences.

Q & A

Who is Joseph Campbell, and why is he significant in the study of mythology?

Joseph Campbell was a scholar of mythology who developed the theory of the monomyth, also known as the hero's journey. His work is influential in understanding the common patterns in hero myths across different cultures.

What is the hero's journey according to Joseph Campbell?

The hero's journey, or monomyth, is a narrative structure identified by Joseph Campbell that outlines a series of stages a hero typically goes through, including separation, initiation, and return.

How does Campbell's theory of the hero's journey relate to psychological development?

Campbell's theory suggests that the hero's journey symbolizes the psychological journey humans undergo to develop as individuals, find their place in society, and seek wisdom.

What are the three main parts of the hero's journey in Campbell's theory?

The three main parts of the hero's journey are: Departure, where the hero separates from the ordinary world; Initiation, where the hero undergoes trials and gains knowledge; and Return, where the hero reintegrates into society.

Why is Campbell's work considered divisive despite its influence?

Campbell's work is divisive because of his narrow view of gender roles, his troubling ideas about culture, and his dude-centric perspective, which has led to criticisms of his approach.

What are the typical challenges or trials a hero faces in the initiation stage of the hero's journey?

During the initiation stage, the hero often faces a series of trials that test their worthiness. These trials can include physical challenges, confrontations with adversaries, and psychological struggles.

How does Campbell incorporate Freudian and Jungian psychology into his theory?

Campbell's theory incorporates elements of Freudian and Jungian psychology, such as the emphasis on the mother figure, the father-son relationship, and the idea that myths are manifestations of universal subconscious forces.

Can the hero's journey structure be applied to all stories?

Not all stories fit perfectly into the hero's journey structure, but many heroic narratives share similar elements. Campbell's framework is a useful tool for recognizing patterns in various stories, even if they don't follow the structure exactly.

How does the story of the Seven Sisters from Aboriginal mythology relate to Campbell's hero's journey?

The story of the Seven Sisters follows a similar pattern to the hero's journey, with the sisters receiving a call, undergoing trials, and ultimately gaining enlightenment. However, it also highlights cultural differences and alternative forms of heroism.

What is the significance of the hero's return in the hero's journey?

The hero's return is significant because it represents the hero's reintegration into society with newfound wisdom or power. This stage is as challenging as the journey itself, as the hero must navigate returning to ordinary life after a transformative experience.