Tartışmalı Üç Mesih Deneyi ve Yankıları

Bebar Bilim

16 Jun 202411:36

Summary

TLDRThe script narrates a fascinating psychological experiment from the 1950s involving three men, each believing they were Jesus Christ. The experiment, led by Dr. Milton Rokeach, aimed to explore how delusions and identities form and change. Despite intense interactions and provocations, none of the participants relinquished their beliefs, highlighting the resilience of delusional convictions. The experiment sparked significant ethical debates in psychiatry and psychology, emphasizing the importance of informed consent and respect for human rights in research.

Takeaways

😯 In the 1940s, a strange coincidence occurred at a hospital in Maryland where two women, both believing they were the Virgin Mary, were admitted and faced each other, leading to an identity conflict.
🤔 The hospital staff, intrigued by the conversation between the two women, witnessed an enlightening moment when the older woman suggested they could both be Mary, resolving the conflict.
🔬 The story caught the attention of social psychologist Dr. Milton Rokeach, who pondered whether this could be used as a therapeutic method for patients with similar delusions.
🏥 Dr. Rokeach initiated an experiment in 1959 at the Ionia State Hospital in Michigan, bringing together three patients, each believing they were Jesus Christ, to observe their interactions.
👥 The three patients were Joseph, who identified with the Christian Trinity concept; Clyde Benson, who claimed to be God and Jesus; and Leon, who had his birth certificate stating he was the reincarnation of Jesus.
🗣️ The experiment involved controlled discussions and confrontations among the patients, with Dr. Rokeach and his assistants provoking them to talk about their beliefs.
💥 Tensions escalated to the point of physical altercations, with the oldest patient attacking the youngest with a broom, highlighting the intensity of their delusions.
🧩 Despite months of observation and intervention, none of the patients relinquished their belief that they were Jesus, indicating the resilience of their delusional identities.
🚫 Dr. Rokeach eventually discontinued the control group and increased control over the experimental group, reflecting ethical concerns and the complexity of managing such a study.
📚 The experiment raised significant ethical debates about patient consent, information disclosure, and the conduct of psychological research, influencing the establishment of ethical standards in psychology and psychiatry.
🎥 The story inspired a 2020 film titled '3 Christs' featuring actors like Peter Dinklage and Richard Gere, offering a dramatized portrayal of the events.

Q & A

What unusual event took place in a hospital in Maryland in the 1940s involving two women?
-In the 1940s, two women were admitted to a hospital in Maryland, both of whom believed they were the Virgin Mary, leading to an identity conflict when they met each other.
How did the hospital staff resolve the identity conflict between the two women who believed they were the Virgin Mary?
-The conflict was resolved when the older woman suggested that if one of them was Mary, the other must be her mother, leading to a mutual acceptance and celebration of their 'enlightenment'.
What did doctors observe in the weeks following the resolution of the identity conflict involving the two women?
-The doctors noticed that the older woman, who had given up her belief of being Mary, responded much faster to treatment and was soon considered recovered.
What did Dr. Milton Rh, a social psychologist, wonder after reading about this case in a 1955 issue of Harper's magazine?
-Dr. Milton Rh wondered if this kind of identity conflict could be used as a therapeutic method to treat patients with similar delusions or even the exact same delusions.
How did Dr. Milton Rh's experiment begin, and what was the setting?
-Dr. Milton Rh's experiment began in 1959 at the Ionia State Hospital in Michigan, where he gathered three patients who each believed they were Jesus.
What were the names and characteristics of the three patients involved in Dr. Milton Rh's experiment?
-The patients were Joseph Castle, a 58-year-old who was the calmest and most coherent; Clyde Benson, a 70-year-old; and Leon, a 38-year-old who claimed to be the reincarnation of Jesus and had a Latin name that translates to 'Lord of Lords, King of Kings, Simple Christian.'
What was the aim of Dr. Milton Rh's experiment with the three patients who believed they were Jesus?
-The aim was to understand how delusions and identities are shaped and could potentially be changed by confronting patients with similar beliefs.
What ethical issues arose from Dr. Milton Rh's experiment, and how were they addressed later?
-The experiment raised ethical concerns about patient manipulation and lack of informed consent. Dr. Rh later acknowledged these issues in a 1984 preface, expressing regret for the ethical violations. This led to stricter ethical guidelines for psychiatric research, culminating in the National Research Act of 1974 in the United States.
What was the outcome of Dr. Milton Rh's experiment regarding the patients' beliefs about being Jesus?
-Despite the experiment, all three patients continued to identify themselves as Jesus, showing the resilience of their delusions and beliefs.
What broader implications did the 'Three Jesus' experiment have for the field of psychiatry and psychology?
-The 'Three Jesus' experiment highlighted the complexity of the brain and the importance of understanding and analyzing the problems it experiences, leading to significant discussions about the ethical conduct of research in psychiatry and psychology.
Is there a film related to the story of the 'Three Jesus' experiment, and if so, who are some of the people involved?
-Yes, there is a 2020 film titled '3 Mesih' or '3 Jesus' that features characters named Peter and Richard Gear, which is based on the story and can be enjoyed by those interested in the subject.

Outlines

00:00

😲 The Bizarre Case of Two Women Claiming to Be Mary's Mother

In the 1940s, a strange coincidence occurred in a Maryland asylum where two women were admitted with the same delusion of being Mary, the mother of Jesus. They met and claimed their identity, leading to a fascinating conversation and identity dispute. The hospital staff, intrigued by the situation, observed the women, who eventually reconciled with the realization that they could both be 'Mary' in a symbolic sense. This peculiar case caught the attention of social psychologist Dr. Milton Rh, who pondered if a similar approach could be used as a therapeutic method for patients with shared delusions. He initiated an experiment in 1959, gathering three patients from various asylums who all believed they were Jesus, to test this hypothesis at the Ipsilati State Hospital in Michigan.

05:01

🔬 The 'Three Jesus' Experiment: A Controversial Psychological Study

The 'Three Jesus' experiment was a controversial study conducted by Dr. Milton Rh, who aimed to understand how delusions and identities form and could potentially be altered. Over several months, the experiment involved controlled observations and discussions among the three patients who identified as Jesus. Despite the controlled environment, the patients' delusions did not waver, and their beliefs became more entrenched. The experiment raised significant ethical concerns, as it manipulated the patients' identities and beliefs without their full consent. Dr. Rh later acknowledged the ethical violations and manipulations in his work, expressing regret in a preface written in 1984. The experiment highlighted the resilience of delusional beliefs and the need for ethical considerations in psychiatric research, leading to the establishment of stricter research regulations in the United States with the National Research Act of 1974.

10:01

🎥 The Legacy of the 'Three Jesus' Experiment and Its Impact on Psychiatry

The 'Three Jesus' experiment left a significant impact on the field of psychiatry, sparking discussions on the nature of delusions and the ethical conduct of psychological research. It demonstrated the complexity of the human brain and the challenges of interpreting and treating delusional beliefs. The experiment also led to a broader understanding of the need for ethical guidelines in research to protect human rights. The story has been adapted into a film featuring characters named Peter Dinl and Richard Gear, providing an entertaining and thought-provoking perspective on the original case. The video concludes by emphasizing the importance of continued research into the mysteries of the brain and the ethical considerations that must accompany such studies.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Delusion

Delusion refers to a fixed, false belief that is resistant to reason or evidence to the contrary. In the video's narrative, it is a central theme as multiple characters suffer from the delusion of being Jesus Christ. This concept is crucial to understanding the psychological study conducted by Dr. Milton and the challenges faced by the individuals in the story.

💡Psychological Experiment

A psychological experiment is a scientific method used to investigate the human mind and behavior. In the video, Dr. Milton Rh conducts an experiment involving individuals with similar delusions to explore whether confronting these delusions could lead to a breakthrough in their treatment. The experiment is a key element of the video's plot, illustrating the ethical and methodological challenges of psychological research.

💡Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by a range of different symptoms, including delusions and hallucinations. The script mentions 'Paranoid Schizophrenia,' which is a subtype of schizophrenia. The individuals in the video are described as having this condition, which provides context for their delusional beliefs and the nature of the experiment conducted by Dr. Milton.

💡Milton Rh

Milton Rh is a renowned social psychologist mentioned in the script who becomes interested in the case of multiple women claiming to be Mary, the mother of Jesus. His curiosity leads him to conduct an experiment with individuals who share the same delusion of being Jesus Christ. His name is significant as it represents the figure who drives the narrative of the psychological study.

💡Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations in research involve ensuring the rights, safety, and well-being of participants. The video discusses the ethical implications of Dr. Milton's experiment, which lacked proper consent and manipulation, raising questions about the treatment of human subjects in psychological research. This concept is pivotal in understanding the broader implications of the study beyond its scientific goals.

💡Reincarnation

Reincarnation is a belief in the rebirth of a soul in a new body after death. In the script, one of the patients, Leon, believes he is the reincarnation of Jesus Christ, as indicated in his birth certificate. This belief is part of the delusions that the experiment aims to address, showing the depth of the patients' convictions.

💡Control Group

A control group in an experiment serves as a baseline for comparison against the group that receives the experimental treatment. In the video, Dr. Milton establishes a control group with individuals who share the same delusions but are not subjected to the experimental intervention. This concept is essential for understanding the methodology of the experiment and the attempt to measure the impact of the intervention.

💡Psychiatric Hospital

A psychiatric hospital is a healthcare facility that specializes in the treatment of mental disorders. The script mentions 'Michigan's Ionia State Hospital,' where the experiment takes place. This setting is crucial as it provides the backdrop for the events in the video and the environment in which the patients live and participate in the experiment.

💡Mental Illness

Mental illness refers to a wide range of mental health conditions that affect mood, thinking, and behavior. The video's theme revolves around individuals with severe mental illnesses, particularly delusions of grandeur, which is a central aspect of their condition and the focus of Dr. Milton's research.

💡Psychiatry

Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. The video touches on the field of psychiatry through the lens of Dr. Milton's experiment and the historical context of psychiatric practices in the 1950s. This keyword is important for understanding the medical and scientific aspects of the video's narrative.

💡National Research Act

The National Research Act is a U.S. federal law enacted in 1974 to protect the rights, safety, and welfare of participants in research. The video mentions this act in the context of the ethical considerations raised by Dr. Milton's experiment, highlighting the importance of such legislation in ensuring ethical standards in research.

Highlights

In the 1940s, a strange coincidence occurred at a hospital in Maryland where two women both believed they were the Virgin Mary.

The hospital staff overheard an interesting conversation between the two women, leading to an identity conflict.

One of the women suggested they both could be Mary, resolving the conflict amicably.

Doctors later noticed a change in the older woman who gave up her delusion, responding better to treatment.

The story caught the attention of social psychologist Dr. Milton Rh, who wondered if this could be used as a therapeutic method.

Dr. Rh began to search for patients with similar delusions to test his hypothesis.

Three patients, each believing they were Jesus, were selected for the experiment conducted in 1959 at the Ionia State Hospital in Michigan.

The patients were placed in a simple room with minimal distractions to facilitate the experiment.

Dr. Rh introduced himself and his assistants to the patients, explaining they would spend a lot of time together.

The patients introduced themselves with one claiming to be the reincarnation of Jesus, another identifying as God, and the third with a complex identity.

The experiment aimed to create a controlled environment to observe the patients' interactions and the potential resolution of their delusions.

Dr. Rh manipulated the situation by escalating tensions among the patients to observe their reactions.

Despite months of observation and controlled discussions, none of the patients relinquished their claims of being Jesus.

Dr. Rh faced ethical dilemmas and eventually discontinued the control group, intensifying the experiment's ethical concerns.

The experiment's methodology was criticized for its manipulative nature and lack of ethical considerations.

Dr. Rh later acknowledged the experiment's ethical issues and expressed regret in a preface written in 1984.

The 'Three Jesus' experiment left a significant impact on the field of psychiatry, raising questions about the resilience of delusions and identity beliefs.

The experiment highlighted the importance of ethical standards in psychiatric research and the need for informed consent.

The story inspired a 2020 film featuring actors Peter Dinklage and Richard Gere, providing a fictional take on the events.

The 'Three Jesus' case study demonstrates the complexity of the human brain and the challenges in understanding and treating psychological disorders.