03 방관자효과 문밖의비명실험

정의탁

3 Apr 200905:09

Summary

TLDRThis script details a psychological experiment exploring the 'bystander effect', where the number of witnesses paradoxically reduces the likelihood of receiving help. Participants were engaged in a quiz, unaware of the true purpose. When the experimenter feigned a fall outside the room, the students' reactions varied. In a group setting, none immediately helped despite hearing distress, attributing responsibility to others. In contrast, when alone, participants quickly responded, demonstrating that social context significantly influences the decision to act in an emergency.

Takeaways

🧪 The script describes a social psychology experiment to understand why people might not help others when there are many witnesses present.
🤫 The experiment is conducted by hiding the true purpose from participants and giving them a quiz to solve, creating a distraction.
🎶 A participant, acting as the 'victim', falls and makes noise outside the room after a certain period, simulating an emergency.
👥 The experiment involves a group of 20-something male college students who cannot see each other's faces, possibly due to a screen or partition.
🕒 The 'victim' announces that they will return in 15 minutes, after which they pretend to fall and make distress sounds.
😳 Despite hearing the distress, none of the participants immediately get up to help, illustrating the 'bystander effect'.
👀 One participant, Jun-hae, looks around but does not take action, showing the influence of others' inaction on individual behavior.
⏳ After 15 minutes, when asked, participants express confusion and curiosity but did not act, highlighting the diffusion of responsibility.
🔄 The experiment is repeated with the same results, emphasizing that the presence of others inhibits individual response to an emergency.
🏠 In a variation of the experiment, when participants are alone, they quickly respond to the distress, indicating personal responsibility in the absence of others.
🤔 The script concludes that the number of witnesses inversely affects the likelihood of receiving help, a phenomenon known as social facilitation or social loafing.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of the experiment described in the script?
-The experiment aims to explore why the presence of more witnesses can lead to a decrease in the likelihood of helping someone in need.
How is the experiment conducted to test the bystander effect?
-The experiment involves hiding the real purpose from participants, giving them a quiz to solve, and then having the examiner collapse outside the room to observe if and how the participants react.
What role does the music play in the experiment?
-The music serves as a distraction and a way to simulate a situation where participants might not immediately notice the examiner's collapse.
What was the initial reaction of the participants when the examiner collapsed?
-The participants did not immediately react to the collapse, suggesting a lack of awareness or a hesitation to act due to the presence of others.
Why did the participant named Jun-ha look around but not help?
-Jun-ha may have been influenced by the bystander effect, where the presence of others led to a diffusion of responsibility and inaction.
What happened after 15 minutes of the examiner's collapse?
-No participant got up to help the collapsed examiner, indicating a significant bystander effect in the group setting.
How did the participants justify their inaction after the experiment?
-Participants justified their inaction by considering whether they should intervene, feeling that it was too severe to handle alone, or being curious but ultimately choosing to continue with the quiz.
What change was made in the experiment to test the bystander effect further?
-The experiment was repeated with only one participant in the room to see if the absence of other people would prompt immediate action.
What was the reaction of the participant when they were alone in the room?
-When alone, the participant quickly got up to help after hearing the examiner's distress, showing a stronger sense of personal responsibility.
What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment regarding the bystander effect?
-The experiment suggests that the bystander effect is a powerful phenomenon where the presence of more people can reduce the likelihood of individuals taking action to help in an emergency.
What can be done to counteract the bystander effect in real-life situations?
-To counteract the bystander effect, it's important to encourage individuals to feel a personal responsibility to act, regardless of the number of people present.

Outlines

00:00

🧪 Social Psychology Experiment: Bystander Effect

This paragraph describes a social psychology experiment exploring the 'bystander effect,' where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The experiment is conducted in a laboratory setting with college students who are tasked with solving quiz problems. The experimenter pretends to fall outside the room, simulating a need for help. The participants, unable to see each other due to a screen, fail to respond to the cries for help. The experiment is repeated with the same results, indicating that the presence of others reduces the sense of personal responsibility to act.

05:02

🤔 The Paradox of Decreased Help in Larger Witness Groups

This paragraph discusses the paradoxical outcome that when there are more witnesses to an emergency, the likelihood of receiving help decreases. It suggests that this phenomenon occurs because the sense of personal responsibility is diffused among the larger group, leading to a decrease in the probability of any individual taking action to provide assistance.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Bystander Effect

The Bystander Effect is a social psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. It is a key theme in the video, illustrating how the presence of others can lead to a diffusion of responsibility. In the script, this is exemplified by the students not reacting to the cries for help from the fallen quiz master, presumably because they assume someone else will act.

💡Experiment

An experiment in this context refers to a controlled scientific procedure designed to test a hypothesis. The video describes a social experiment aimed at understanding why the presence of multiple witnesses can lead to inaction. The experiment involves a quiz and a staged fall, where the reaction of participants is observed.

💡Responsibility Diffusion

Responsibility diffusion is the concept that the responsibility to take action is spread among the group members, reducing the likelihood of any individual taking responsibility. In the video, it is suggested that the more people present, the less likely they are to help, as they assume someone else will take action.

💡Quiz Master

The quiz master is the person who administers the quiz in the experiment. In the video, the quiz master's staged fall and subsequent cries for help serve as the catalyst for observing the bystander effect. The students' reactions (or lack thereof) to the quiz master's distress are central to the experiment.

💡Cries for Help

Cries for help are expressions of distress that typically elicit a helping response from others. In the video, the cries for help from the quiz master are intentionally ignored by the participants due to the bystander effect, highlighting the experiment's aim to study social inaction in groups.

💡Social Norms

Social norms are the unwritten rules that dictate how individuals are expected to behave in certain situations. The video suggests that social norms may influence the participants' inaction, as they might feel unsure about how to react or fear standing out from the group.

💡Galvanic Response

Galvanic response refers to a sudden action or reaction. In the video, the term could be used to describe the immediate response of the participant who finally stands up to help, contrasting with the inaction of the others.

💡Alone

The concept of being 'alone' is used in the video to contrast group behavior with individual behavior. When participants believe they are the only witness, they are more likely to take action, as seen when the participant stands up after 11 seconds in the modified experiment.

💡Group Dynamics

Group dynamics refer to the way in which individuals in a group interact and influence one another. The video explores how group dynamics can inhibit action in emergency situations, as participants look to others for cues on how to behave.

💡Emergency

An emergency is a situation requiring immediate action to prevent harm or damage. The video uses a staged emergency (the quiz master's fall) to test the participants' reactions and to study the bystander effect.

💡Empathy

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. The lack of empathy among the participants in the video is implied, as they do not respond to the quiz master's distress, possibly due to the influence of group dynamics and social norms.

Highlights

The experiment aims to explore why the presence of more witnesses can lead to less help being offered.

Participants are given a quiz to solve without being informed of the real purpose of the experiment.

The experimenter pretends to fall after leaving the room, simulating an emergency.

The experiment tests whether participants will help the fallen experimenter despite not being able to see each other's faces.

The experimenter leaves the room after stating they will return in 15 minutes with the quiz answers.

Despite hearing the experimenter's fall and cries for help, no participants immediately get up to help.

The experiment reveals that participants are influenced by the behavior of others, as they do not act alone.

The experimenter's fall and cries are ignored by all participants for the entire 15 minutes.

After the experiment, participants express confusion and curiosity about the lack of reaction from others.

Participants mention feeling that someone else should take action, leading to inaction themselves.

The experiment is repeated, but the result remains the same: no one gets up to help despite hearing the cries.

The phenomenon is explained as the diffusion of responsibility, where the sense of personal responsibility decreases with the number of people present.

A variation of the experiment is conducted with only one person in the room.

When alone, the participant immediately gets up to help upon hearing the cries, showing a strong sense of personal responsibility.

The experiment demonstrates that the number of witnesses significantly impacts the likelihood of receiving help in an emergency.

The experiment concludes that the more witnesses present, the lower the probability of receiving help.