3.5 – Case study - Integrated coastal zone management in Indonesia [NbS for the local communities]

Summary

The video discusses the implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, to combat disaster risks such as coastal flooding and land subsidence. It highlights the importance of nature-based solutions like mangrove conservation and restoration, which not only enhance community resilience to climate change but also have direct economic benefits. The video emphasizes the need for a multi-disciplinary, holistic approach involving various stakeholders to ensure sustainable development and reduce vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change impacts.

Takeaways

• 🌊 Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is being implemented in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, to address disaster risks such as coastal flooding, salinity, and land subsidence.
• 🌿 Nature-based solutions, including ecosystem-based measures, are central to the ICZM approach, particularly the conservation of mangrove ecosystems for flood risk management.
• 🏙️ Semarang faces significant problems with tidal inundation, land subsidence, and urbanization, which are exacerbated by uncontrolled urbanization and over-exploitation of groundwater.
• 🏗️ Structural measures for coastal zone management in Semarang include flood control, embankments, drainage systems, shoreline reclamation, and other infrastructure.
• 🤝 Non-structural measures focus on strengthening disaster management frameworks, coastal planning, and education, often implemented by local communities and NGOs.
• 🌳 The importance of mangrove ecosystems is highlighted, as they protect coastal areas from erosion and flooding, and increase community resilience to climate change.
• 💰 Economic losses due to mangrove degradation underscore the environmental issue's significance, with an estimated loss of around $61,000 per hectare per year.
• 🌱 Ecosystem-based measures in Semarang aim to protect and restore mangrove forests, which have direct economic value by also safeguarding fish ponds.
• 📚 Local mangrove restoration and conservation programs are established to enhance the adaptive capacity of coastal communities, including the Village Climate Program.
• 🔍 The case study of Semarang demonstrates the effectiveness of ICZM as a planning instrument that integrates ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction into sustainable development strategies.
• 👥 The implementation of these measures requires a holistic approach involving institutional and legal development, environmental management, public awareness, and stakeholder participation.

Q & A

What is Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)?

ICZM is a multi-disciplinary approach to manage populated coastal areas exposed to multiple hazards, promoting sustainable management of coastal zones through a dynamic, iterative process that includes information collection, planning, decision-making, management, and monitoring of implementation.

Why is ICZM being implemented in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia?

ICZM is being implemented in Semarang to address disaster risks such as coastal flooding, salinity, and land subsidence, using integrated approaches and nature-based solutions to reduce flood risk.

What are the key factors for successful ICZM implementation?

Key factors include a focus on nature-based solutions, a multi-disciplinary approach, attention to ecosystem-based measures, and the involvement of various stakeholders at different scales.

What are the structural measures included in Semarang's coastal zone management?

Structural measures include flood control, embankments for low-lying areas, drainage systems, shoreline reclamation, pumping stations, and polder facilities.

What are the non-structural measures in Semarang's ICZM?

Non-structural measures focus on strengthening the organizational framework for disaster management, coastal planning and management, and education, mainly implemented by local community groups and non-government organizations.

Why are mangrove ecosystems important for flood risk management in Semarang?

Healthy mangrove ecosystems can protect coastal areas from erosion and flooding, increase community resilience to climate change effects, and have direct economic value by protecting fish ponds and other local resources.

What is the economic loss due to the degradation of mangrove ecosystems in Semarang?

The economic loss due to mangrove degradation is estimated at around 61,000 U.S. dollars per hectare per year, highlighting the importance of addressing this environmental issue.

How does the conservation and restoration of mangroves contribute to the local economy in Semarang?

Conservation and restoration efforts protect and restore the ecosystem, providing direct economic benefits by safeguarding fish ponds and local resources, and offering income alternatives to local communities.

What challenges does Semarang face in establishing ICZM measures?

Challenges include limited financial resources, the need to relocate people from flood-prone areas, local resistance, loss of public support, and the need for more effective community participation in decision-making.

How does the decentralization of coastal management in Semarang contribute to making DRR solutions sustainable?

Decentralization strengthens local commitment, which is crucial for making disaster risk reduction solutions sustainable by involving various stakeholders and ensuring a holistic approach to planning and monitoring.

What does the recent massive flooding in 2021 indicate about the current flood risk management approach in Semarang?

The 2021 flooding indicates that the current approach is not sufficient and that there is much room for improvement, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach, continued monitoring, and evaluation of the effectiveness of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction measures.

Outlines

00:00

🌊 Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Semarang

Semarang, a city in Central Java, Indonesia, is combating disaster risks such as coastal flooding, salinity, and land subsidence through Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). This multi-disciplinary approach focuses on nature-based solutions, including the conservation and restoration of mangrove ecosystems, to reduce flood risks and enhance community resilience. The city faces challenges due to uncontrolled urbanization, overexploitation of groundwater, and the potential impacts of global sea level rise. The ICZM strategy involves structural measures like flood control systems and non-structural measures that strengthen disaster management frameworks and education. Despite the limitations of large infrastructure solutions, the city emphasizes the importance of mangroves in protecting coastal areas and is investing in their conservation.

05:01

🌳 Enhancing Coastal Community Resilience in Semarang

This paragraph delves into the efforts to enhance the adaptive capacity of coastal communities in Semarang through ecosystem-based measures. The Village Climate Program is highlighted as an initiative that disseminates adaptation strategies, including mangrove rehabilitation to reduce erosion and increase soil stability. These strategies not only contribute to environmental conservation but also provide income alternatives for local communities. The case study illustrates how ICZM can integrate disaster risk reduction with sustainable development, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that includes institutional and legal development, environmental management, public awareness, and stakeholder participation. The challenges of limited financial resources and the need for relocation of flood-prone populations are acknowledged, along with the importance of community involvement in decision-making. The decentralization of coastal management is noted as a step towards sustainable DRR solutions, and the case underscores the necessity for an integrated, multi-sectoral approach to coastal zone management.

Keywords

💡Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a multi-disciplinary approach aimed at managing populated coastal areas exposed to various hazards. It is central to the video's theme as it is the strategy being used in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, to address disaster risks such as coastal flooding, salinity, and land subsidence. The script mentions that ICZM includes a full cycle of information collection, planning, decision-making, management, and monitoring.

💡Disaster Risks

Disaster risks refer to the potential dangers and threats posed by natural or human-induced events that can cause harm to communities and the environment. In the context of the video, disaster risks in Semarang include coastal flooding, salinity, and land subsidence, which are being mitigated through ICZM.

💡Ecosystem-Based Measures

Ecosystem-based measures are strategies that use natural ecosystems to provide services that benefit human well-being and simultaneously support environmental conservation. The video emphasizes their importance in reducing flood risk and enhancing community resilience against climate change impacts, particularly through the conservation of mangrove ecosystems in Semarang.

💡Mangrove Ecosystems

Mangrove ecosystems are coastal wetland communities characterized by mangrove trees. They play a crucial role in the video's narrative as they protect coastal areas from erosion and flooding. The script discusses the importance of conserving and restoring these ecosystems to enhance the adaptive capacity of coastal communities.

💡Land Subsidence

Land subsidence is the sinking or settling of the ground surface due to various factors, including natural processes and human activities. In Semarang, land subsidence is a significant problem exacerbated by uncontrolled urbanization and over-exploitation of groundwater, as mentioned in the script.

💡Urbanization

Urbanization refers to the increase in population and infrastructure in urban areas, often leading to changes in land use. The video script highlights the impact of urbanization in Semarang, where it has resulted in unsustainable land use changes and increased the risk of flooding and land subsidence.

💡Structural Measures

Structural measures are physical infrastructures or constructions designed to address specific problems, such as flood control systems. In the context of the video, structural measures in Semarang's ICZM include embankments, drainage systems, shoreline reclamation, and pumping stations.

💡Non-Structural Measures

Non-structural measures are actions or policies that do not involve physical construction but aim to manage risks or change behaviors. The script describes non-structural measures in Semarang as focusing on strengthening disaster management frameworks, coastal planning, and education, primarily implemented by local communities and NGOs.

💡Vulnerability

Vulnerability in the context of the video refers to the susceptibility of communities to the adverse effects of natural disasters and climate change. Semarang's coastal populations are considered vulnerable due to their exposure to flooding and land subsidence, and the ICZM strategy aims to reduce this vulnerability.

💡Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is a key concept in the video, referring to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The ICZM strategy in Semarang is presented as a means to promote sustainable development by reducing disaster risks and protecting ecosystems.

💡Stakeholder Participation

Stakeholder participation involves the inclusion of all relevant parties in the decision-making and implementation processes. The video script emphasizes the importance of involving various stakeholders, including government, private sector, local communities, and NGOs, in the planning and monitoring of ICZM measures to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability.

Highlights

Integrated coastal zone management is being implemented in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia to address disaster risks such as coastal flooding, salinity, and land subsidence.

Various measures, including ecosystem-based measures, are being implemented to reduce flood risk with integrated approaches.

Integrated coastal zone management is a multi-disciplinary approach to manage populated coastal areas exposed to multiple hazards.

Nature-based solutions are central to the integrated coastal zone management approach.

Cimarron's coastal areas are vulnerable to tidal inundation and land subsidence, exacerbated by sea level rise.

Lowland residents in Cimarron are reluctant to relocate due to their dependence on fishing and lack of economic alternatives.

Semarang has faced major natural disasters, with flooding and land subsidence being significant problems.

Uncontrolled urbanization in Semarang has resulted in unsustainable land use changes and increased disaster risks.

The city of Semarang and the Indonesian government are implementing measures to alleviate flooding problems.

The European Commission defines integrated coastal zone management as a dynamic, multidisciplinary, and iterative process.

Coastal zone management in Semarang includes structural, non-structural, and ecosystem-based measures.

Structural measures in Semarang include flood control, embankments, drainage systems, shoreline reclamation, and polder facilities.

Non-structural measures focus on strengthening disaster management frameworks, coastal planning, and education.

Nature-based solutions, such as mangrove conservation, are crucial for flood risk management in Semarang.

The degradation of mangrove ecosystems results in significant economic loss, highlighting the importance of environmental conservation.

Local mangrove restoration and conservation programs have been established to enhance the adaptive capacity of coastal communities.

The Village Climate Program disseminates adaptation strategies, including mangrove rehabilitation, to reduce erosion and increase soil surface.

Integrated coastal zone management in Semarang serves as a planning instrument integrating ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction.

The implementation of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction measures should be part of a holistic approach involving all stakeholders.

Challenges in establishing these measures include limited financial resources and the need to relocate people from flood-prone areas.

Decentralization of coastal management in Semarang has been strengthened, emphasizing the importance of local commitment for sustainable solutions.

The case of Semarang shows that coastal zone management requires an integrated, multi-sectoral approach with nature-based solutions at its core.

Recent massive flooding in 2021 indicates that the current flood risk management approach is still not sufficient and requires improvement.

Transcripts

[Music]

[Music]

in semarang central java indonesia

integrated coastal zone management is

being used to address disaster risks

like coastal flooding salinity and land

subsidence

in this area various measures including

ecosystem-based measures are being

implemented to reduce flood risk

with integrated approaches

integrated coastal zone management is a

multi-disciplinary approach to manage

populated coastal areas that are exposed

to multiple hazards it's an approach

that's been taken at various places and

it can be implemented by paying

attention to some key factors to realize

it nature-based solutions are at the

center of this approach

for a detailed description beyond this

video

please refer to the ecosystem-based

disaster risk reduction case study and

exercise source book on which this video

is indebted

in cimarron many people live in coastal

areas surrounded by ponds and

agricultural lands

this area has been vulnerable to various

types of disasters

these areas suffer from tidal inundation

and land subsidence problems expected to

be exacerbated by sea level rise in the

region

and this jeopardizes the livelihoods of

the affected people

lowland residents are also considered

vulnerable to coastal flooding they

depend on fishing and they are reluctant

to relocate to other less vulnerable

areas

this is especially true for the urban

poor

residents in flood prone areas often

decide to stay put in their homes even

though they know the risks involved and

this usually happens when people have no

economic alternatives and face the

possibility of losing their livelihoods

in recent years semrung has been faced

with major natural disasters

flooding and land subsidence are

significant problems and the risk has

been magnified by the change of land use

and associated needs for groundwater

urbanization and industrialization have

been occurring in the lowlands expanding

residential recreational and industrial

areas

this expansion also comes with an

associated over exploitation of

groundwater

these problems have been well known for

a long time

but still the issues have intensified in

the last two decades as samarang has

experienced uncontrolled urbanization

that has resulted in highly

unsustainable land use changes

the predicted global sea level rise

could also increase flooding in coastal

cities including the highly urbanized

coast of java where samarang is located

the city of samarang and indonesian

government are taking measures in

implementing integrated coastal zone

management to alleviate the problem of

flooding

the european commission defines the

concept of integrated coastal zone

management as a dynamic

multidisciplinary and iterative process

to promote sustainable management of

coastal zones

it covers the full cycle of information

collection

planning decision making

management and monitoring of

implementation

in the case of samarang indonesia the

coastal zone management includes

structural

non-structural and ecosystem-based

measures

the main structural measures include

flood control and low-lying areas

embankment and drainage systems

shoreline reclamation

pumping stations and polder facilities

and these structural measures are mainly

implemented by local and national

government non-structural measures focus

on strengthening the organization

framework for disaster management

coastal planning and management and

education

and these measures are mainly

implemented by local community groups

and of non-government organizations

however flood management infrastructure

to control underground water is not by

itself sufficient

a recent study on water management and

governance in cimarron

indicates that flood management

infrastructure solely based upon

controlling the water flow in the city

is not sufficient and it points at the

limitation of large infrastructure

solutions in general

and this is the context where we can

think of nature-based solutions

with flood risk management in samarang

the conservation of mangrove ecosystems

is particularly important

healthy mangrove ecosystems can protect

coastal areas from erosion and coastal

flooding and also increase the

resilience of communities to cope with

the effects of climate change

if implemented correctly it can help

with flood risk management in vulnerable

areas

however in summer on

the remaining mangrove ecosystems are

under pressure from intense agricultural

land use and industrial and residential

demands the economic loss due to the

degradation of mangrove ecosystems is

estimated at around 61 000 u.s dollars

per hectare per year which really

underscores the importance of this

environmental issue

therefore samarang focuses on

ecosystem-based measures to protect the

remaining mangrove forests and reforest

the mangroves these measures help

protect and restore the ecosystem itself

and have a direct economic value as they

also protect fish ponds

local mangrove restoration and

conservation programs have also been

established to enhance the adaptive

capacity of the coastal communities

for example

the village climate program disseminates

adaptation strategies at the district

level

which includes mangrove rehabilitation

and conservation to reduce erosion and

also increase the soil surface

this kind of approach will also bring

income alternatives to local communities

this case study of samaram demonstrates

how integrated coastal zone management

can serve as a planning instrument that

integrates ecosystem-based disaster risk

reduction

the measures implemented in samarang can

be assembled as part of an integrated

coastal zone management strategy that

promotes sustainable development this

strategy would also reduce the

vulnerability of coastal populations to

natural disasters and climate change

impacts the implementation of

ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

measures

should also be part of a holistic

approach

that includes institutional and legal

development

improved environmental management

public awareness of disaster risks

and the participation of all relevant

stakeholders during the implementation

of these measures

in samarang the measures described are

being implemented by different

stakeholders in a different scales

several levels of government in the

private sector are focusing on

infrastructure development

while the local government communities

and ngos are working on ecosystem-based

measures

various stakeholders must be involved in

planning as well as in monitoring

the main challenges in establishing

these measures are the limited financial

resources and the need to relocate

people from flood prone areas

these issues have led to local

resistance and loss of public support

also the participation of the community

in decision-making must be more

effectively addressed in the case of

samarang the decentralization of coastal

management has been strengthened with

the view that local commitment is

crucial in making drr solutions

sustainable

the samaran case shows that coastal zone

management requires an integrated

multi-sectoral approach and nature-based

solutions can be central to this

coastal zone management needs

institutional arrangements to address

multi-faceted challenges

recent massive flooding in 2021

underlines that the current flood risk

management approach is still not

sufficient

there is much room for improvement

in this respect the holistic approach

discussed in this video is a key for

further development and continued

monitoring and evaluation for the

effectiveness of ecosystem-based

disaster risk reduction is required

[Music]

you