HISTÓRIA PARA PM-AL (2021) #01 | Primeiras Civilizações - Prof. Diedson Alves

Summary

In this instructional video, Professor Edson provides valuable insights for candidates preparing for the Military Police of Alagoas exam. The focus is on the first civilizations, Egypt and Mesopotamia, highlighting key topics such as their geography, political systems, and modes of production. Edson explains the concept of the Asian mode of production, the social pyramid structure, and how these civilizations influenced modern law and governance. With practical tips and clear comparisons, this session offers essential knowledge to help candidates succeed in their studies and the exam.

Takeaways

• 😀 Professor Edson introduces his YouTube channel, where he shares tips to help candidates succeed in the Military Police of Alagoas exam.
• 😀 The lecture focuses on the first major civilizations, Egypt and Mesopotamia, and their significance in history.
• 😀 The concept of the 'Asian Mode of Production' or 'Collective Servitude' is explained, with the pyramid structure used as a metaphor.
• 😀 The pyramid metaphor illustrates the social hierarchy: at the top is the state (e.g., Pharaoh in Egypt), followed by scribes and officials, and at the base are artisans, military, and slaves.
• 😀 Egypt and Mesopotamia are compared based on geography: Egypt is in Northeast Africa and isolated, while Mesopotamia lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and is more accessible.
• 😀 The Nile River in Egypt is essential for its agricultural success, while Mesopotamia relies on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
• 😀 Power in Egypt was centralized under the Pharaoh, while Mesopotamia experienced more frequent invasions and power struggles due to its accessibility.
• 😀 The writing systems are different: Egypt used hieroglyphics, while Mesopotamia used cuneiform, which was wedge-shaped.
• 😀 Agriculture was the backbone of both civilizations, but Egypt's agricultural system, especially its water management, was more advanced.
• 😀 The Egyptian calendar was solar-based, influencing future civilizations, whereas Mesopotamia had a lunar calendar.

Q & A

What is the main objective of Professor Edson's YouTube channel?

The main objective of Professor Edson's YouTube channel is to provide tips and suggestions to help individuals succeed in the Military Police of Alagoas public exam.

What is the focus of the first part of the Military Police of Alagoas notice?

The focus of the first part of the notice is on the first civilizations, particularly the Eastern civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia.

What are the key characteristics of the Eastern civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia as per the script?

The key characteristics include the Asian mode of production and collective servitude, which involve a hierarchical pyramid structure with the state at the top, followed by the king, officials, and workers, with slaves as a minority.

What does the term 'Asian mode of production' refer to in the context of Egypt and Mesopotamia?

The 'Asian mode of production' refers to a social and economic system where the state has a central role, with a division between a minority of rulers, scribes, and slaves, and a larger base of workers and servants who support the state.

What is the significance of the pyramid metaphor in the explanation of the Asian mode of production?

The pyramid metaphor is used to describe the social hierarchy, with the state at the top, followed by the king or ruler, high-ranking officials, scribes, and at the bottom, the servants and slaves, representing the structure of Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies.

How does Professor Edson distinguish between slaves and servants in ancient civilizations?

Professor Edson emphasizes that there were more servants than slaves in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Servants were those who worked for the state, while slaves were a smaller minority, often involved in building projects like the pyramids.

What is the geographical difference between Egypt and Mesopotamia mentioned in the script?

Egypt is located in Northeast Africa, which is a more difficult-to-access region, while Mesopotamia is situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle East, which is an easier-to-access region.

How do the rivers in Egypt and Mesopotamia differ, and how does this affect their civilizations?

Egypt is centered around the Nile River, which is a single, predictable water source for agriculture, while Mesopotamia is located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which are more prone to flooding, leading to different agricultural and societal developments.

What was the writing system used in Egypt and Mesopotamia?

Egypt used hieroglyphics, which is an iconic system of writing, while Mesopotamia used cuneiform, characterized by wedge-shaped symbols.

What were the main economic bases of both Egypt and Mesopotamia?

The main economic base for both Egypt and Mesopotamia was agriculture, with Egypt benefiting from the reliable flooding of the Nile, while Mesopotamia’s agriculture was influenced by the unpredictable nature of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.