Terceira revolução industrial: revolução técnico-científica | Ricardo Marcílio

Summary

The script discusses the Third Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technical-Scientific Revolution, centered on Japan’s post-WWII economic rise through innovation in automation, robotics, and flexible production models like Toyota’s. It highlights Japan, Germany, and the U.S. as key players in technological advancement, leading to structural unemployment and shifts in the job market. The revolution spurred globalization, efficient communication, and flexible production systems like 'just-in-time.' It also explores technopoles like Silicon Valley and São José dos Campos, emphasizing the critical role of knowledge and industrial application in shaping modern economies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Japan was the primary center of the third industrial revolution, emerging as a technological leader after World War II with the help of US economic aid.
• 😀 The third industrial revolution, also known as the technical-scientific revolution, was characterized by advances in automation and robotics, transforming traditional industries.
• 😀 Structural unemployment refers to workers losing their jobs due to technological advancements like automation, as jobs they once held no longer exist.
• 😀 Germany, especially West Germany, maintained its leadership in producing medicines, agricultural inputs, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) during the third industrial revolution.
• 😀 Communication and transportation networks grew exponentially, facilitating globalization by making information and goods flow more efficiently across the globe.
• 😀 Flexible production models, like Boeing's outsourcing strategy, became possible due to advancements in communication and transportation, allowing companies to source parts globally.
• 😀 The third industrial revolution coincided with the rise of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and new chemical processes, leading to innovations in agriculture and medicine.
• 😀 The shift to a more technical and scientific workforce led to the rise of technopoles, such as Silicon Valley, where industrial production and knowledge production converge.
• 😀 Technopoles, like Silicon Valley in the U.S. and São José dos Campos in Brazil, were crucial in combining knowledge production with industrial application, supporting innovation in fields like IT and aerospace.
• 😀 The Toyota production model, also known as the just-in-time model, revolutionized production by focusing on minimal stock and customized production based on consumer demand, offering flexibility and efficiency.
• 😀 Unlike Fordism, where mass production led to overproduction crises, the Toyota model allowed industries to produce goods more aligned with demand, reducing the impact of economic crises and overproduction.

Q & A

What is the Third Industrial Revolution also known as?

The Third Industrial Revolution is also known as the Technical-Scientific Revolution.

Why was Japan able to become a technological leader by the 1960s?

Japan became a technological leader by the 1960s after receiving economic aid from the United States in the form of the Columbus Plan, which it invested in education, research, and development.

What is the distinction between mechanization and automation in the context of the Third Industrial Revolution?

Mechanization refers to the use of machines to replace human labor in industry, while automation involves robots performing tasks that are programmed by humans, making the processes more efficient and less reliant on manual labor.

What does structural unemployment refer to in the Third Industrial Revolution?

Structural unemployment refers to individuals losing their jobs because their specific profession becomes obsolete due to technological advancements, such as automation replacing certain manual tasks.

What role did Germany play in the Third Industrial Revolution?

Germany, particularly West Germany, played a significant role in the Third Industrial Revolution by becoming a world leader in the production of medicines, agricultural inputs, pesticides, and genetically modified organisms.

How did the Third Industrial Revolution contribute to the intensification of globalization?

The revolution helped intensify globalization by improving communication and transportation networks, making it easier for companies to source parts from multiple countries and to distribute products globally.

What is the Green Revolution, and how is it related to the Third Industrial Revolution?

The Green Revolution refers to the introduction of new agricultural inputs, such as genetically modified organisms, which aimed to increase food production and efficiency, aligning with the broader technological advancements of the Third Industrial Revolution.

What are technopoles, and why are they important in the Third Industrial Revolution?

Technopoles are regions where industrial production and knowledge creation (such as from universities and research institutions) are combined. They are important because they foster innovation and the development of new technologies, like Silicon Valley in the U.S. and São José dos Campos in Brazil.

How did the Toyota Production System revolutionize manufacturing?

The Toyota Production System, also known as the Just-in-Time model, revolutionized manufacturing by producing goods based on customer orders rather than mass production. This model minimized inventory, reduced waste, and made production more flexible and efficient.

How does the Toyota model differ from the Fordist production system?

The Toyota model differs from the Fordist production system by focusing on producing goods in response to actual customer demand, reducing excess inventory, and being less susceptible to economic crises like overproduction, which was a common issue in the Fordist system.