Ask Me -Tanya Dr Yan | Apakah Penyebab Dari Mutasi Gen?

Summary

In this video, Dr. B discusses gene mutations and their role in cancer formation. He explains that mutations can be caused by external factors like viruses, chemicals, radiation, and UV light, or by internal factors such as excessive hormone production. Dr. B highlights how mutations can lead to cancer if the body's repair mechanisms fail, and notes that some mutations can be inherited. The video provides a detailed yet accessible explanation of the causes of gene mutations and their link to cancer, aiming to educate viewers about this critical biological process.

Takeaways

• 😀 Gene mutations are changes in the genetic sequence that can affect body functions and may lead to diseases like cancer.
• 😀 Mutations can be caused by external factors such as viruses (e.g., HPV causing cervical cancer), chemicals, X-rays, and UV light.
• 😀 Internal factors, like hormonal imbalances (e.g., excess estrogen), can also trigger gene mutations, leading to cancers such as breast and uterine cancer.
• 😀 There are various types of gene mutations, including point mutations, deletions, and double-strand breaks, which can impact cellular functions.
• 😀 Cancer can result from gene mutations, as these mutations can disrupt normal cell growth and behavior, leading to abnormal, cancerous cells.
• 😀 The body has a gene mismatch repair system that works to identify and repair genetic mutations, but if it fails or mutates itself, cancer may develop.
• 😀 Exposure to harmful chemicals, like those found in cigarette smoke or certain foods, can cause mutations that may lead to cancer.
• 😀 Repeated radiation exposure, including X-rays and ultraviolet light, can trigger gene mutations that initiate the development of cancer.
• 😀 Certain genetic mutations can be passed from parents to children, increasing the likelihood of developing certain cancers, though environmental triggers are often needed for mutation to express as cancer.
• 😀 Many cancer patients recover fully and live normal lives, though there remains a risk of relapse or developing a different cancer later.
• 😀 It's important to stay informed and proactive about gene mutations and their potential role in cancer prevention and treatment.

Q & A

What are gene mutations and why are they important?

Gene mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can affect the function of genes. They are important because they can be the cause of various diseases, including cancers and tumors, by altering the normal function of cells.

What are some types of gene mutations mentioned in the video?

Some types of gene mutations mentioned include point mutations (where a single point or base is altered) and double strand breaks (where the DNA's double helix structure is damaged).

How can gene mutations be caused by external factors?

Gene mutations can be caused by external factors such as viral infections (like HPV causing cervical cancer), exposure to chemicals (e.g., carcinogens in cigarette smoke), extreme exposure to X-rays, ultraviolet light, and repeated chemotherapy treatments.

How do viruses contribute to gene mutations?

Viruses like HPV can insert their genes (such as gene 6 and E7) into a person's DNA, binding with other genes like p53 and RB, which changes cell behavior and can lead to cancerous transformations.

What role do chemicals play in gene mutations?

Chemicals, especially harmful ones found in food, cigarette smoke, or industrial pollutants, can damage the DNA in cells, leading to gene mutations that may trigger cancer.

How can hormonal imbalances lead to gene mutations?

Excessive production of certain hormones, like estrogen, without proper balance with progesterone, can trigger gene mutations. This is particularly relevant in the case of hormone-related cancers like breast and uterine cancer.

What defense mechanism does the body have against gene mutations?

The body has a repair system called the mismatch repair system, which detects and corrects mutations in cells. This system works to maintain genetic integrity by repairing damaged DNA.

Why might cancer still occur even when the body's repair mechanisms are active?

Cancer can still occur if the body's repair mechanisms are overwhelmed or damaged. For example, if the gene repair system itself is mutated and cannot function properly, mutations may persist, leading to cancer development.

Can gene mutations be inherited?

Yes, some gene mutations can be passed from parent to child. However, whether the mutation leads to cancer or other health issues depends on external triggers, such as environmental factors or lifestyle choices.

Is it possible for someone with gene mutations to recover from cancer?

Yes, many people who develop cancer due to gene mutations can recover completely. However, there is always a risk of relapse or developing another form of cancer due to the underlying genetic mutations.