Filosofia Medieval | Períodos da História da Filosofia - Brasil Escola

Summary

In this video, Francisco Porfiro, a philosophy professor, explores the Medieval period of philosophy. He divides it into two major phases: Patristics and Scholasticism. Patristics, influenced by early Christian thinkers like Saint Augustine, focuses on the development of Christian philosophy. Scholasticism, emerging in the 10th century, led to the creation of Catholic universities and the formation of priests. Key figures like Thomas Aquinas and Albert the Great are discussed, particularly in relation to Aristotelian philosophy and its integration with Christian thought. Francisco concludes with a recommendation of Umberto Eco's 'The Name of the Rose,' which offers insight into the intellectual climate of the time.

Takeaways

• 😀 The medieval philosophy period is divided into two main stages: the Patristic period and Scholasticism.
• 😀 The Patristic period is a controversial phase, with some historians considering it part of Antiquity rather than the Middle Ages.
• 😀 The Patristic period is marked by the work of the Church Fathers, who defended Christianity through philosophical arguments, known as 'apologies.'
• 😀 Justin Martyr was a key figure in the Patristic period, using Greek philosophy to defend Christianity against opposition.
• 😀 Augustine of Hippo (St. Augustine) played a crucial role in the development of Christian philosophy, combining Neoplatonism with Christian teachings.
• 😀 St. Augustine’s conversion to Christianity was influenced by his exposure to Greek philosophy, especially the Pythagoreans and Manichaeism.
• 😀 The Scholastic period, which began around the 10th century, was characterized by the rise of universities and the formal training of new priests.
• 😀 Scholastic philosophy aimed to reconcile reason and faith, focusing on theological and philosophical education for clergy members.
• 😀 Key subjects in Scholasticism included grammar, logic, rhetoric, and the quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music).
• 😀 Thomas Aquinas was a prominent philosopher in the Scholastic period, combining Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology to defend against heresies.

Q & A

What are the two main periods of medieval philosophy discussed in the video?

The two main periods of medieval philosophy discussed are the Patristic period and the Scholasticism period.

Why is the Patristic period considered controversial by some historians?

Some historians consider the Patristic period controversial because it overlaps with the late antiquity period, leading some to argue that it belongs more to antiquity than the Middle Ages.

What role did the Church Fathers play in the development of medieval philosophy?

The Church Fathers, such as Justino and Augustine, played a key role in shaping Christian philosophy, particularly through their apologetic works that defended Christianity against external critiques.

Who was Justino, and how did he contribute to the Christian philosophy?

Justino was an important early Christian philosopher who used Greek philosophy, especially from Plato, to defend Christianity, especially during a time when it was facing resistance in the Roman Empire.

What is the significance of Augustine of Hippo in medieval philosophy?

Augustine of Hippo was a key figure in the Patristic period, contributing significantly to Christian philosophy by integrating Neoplatonism with Christian doctrine, helping to solidify Christian thought.

How did Augustine of Hippo’s personal journey influence his philosophical views?

Augustine’s conversion from a life of sin to Christianity, after being exposed to Greek philosophy and Manichaeism, deeply influenced his philosophical outlook, especially in advocating for a Christian philosophy that combined reason and faith.

What does the term 'Patristic' mean, and why is it used in this context?

The term 'Patristic' refers to the philosophy of the Church Fathers, with 'Patris' meaning father in Latin. It highlights the intellectual legacy of the early Christian theologians who shaped Christian doctrine.

What was the role of the Church during the Scholasticism period?

During the Scholasticism period, the Church was a central institution that not only guided religious life but also supported the establishment of universities to train priests and foster intellectual research in theology and philosophy.

Who were two important philosophers from the Scholasticism period, and what were their contributions?

Two important philosophers from the Scholasticism period are Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas. Albertus Magnus promoted the study of natural sciences, while Thomas Aquinas integrated Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology.

How did Thomas Aquinas contribute to the integration of science and theology?

Thomas Aquinas defended the compatibility of science and theology, using Aristotelian principles such as cause and effect to reconcile philosophical reason with Christian teachings, particularly in understanding the nature of God.

What is the significance of the book 'The Name of the Rose' by Umberto Eco, as mentioned in the lecture?

The book 'The Name of the Rose' by Umberto Eco, which was later adapted into a film, provides a fictionalized account of the intellectual and philosophical climate of the Scholasticism period, offering insight into the challenges faced by intellectuals during the Middle Ages.