Tanaman Transgenik Anggur Bali (Vitis vinifera L. var. Alphonso Lavallee )

Summary

In this video, Reza Molina from the Agrotechnology department at UIN Suska Riau explains the concept of transgenic plants and how genetic transformation can improve crop quality. The focus is on Bali grapes, which are popular in Indonesia but suffer from low market demand due to small fruit size, seeds, and lack of sweetness. Reza discusses how introducing a specific gene from sugarcane can enhance sucrose production, making the grapes sweeter. The process involves using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer the gene into the grapes, and the success of the transformation is confirmed through PCR analysis. The result is the creation of genetically enhanced, sweeter Bali grapes.

Takeaways

• 😀 Transgenic plants are those that have foreign genes inserted from different species to improve their quality.
• 😀 The goal of genetic transformation is to create superior plants compared to their original varieties.
• 😀 One example of a transgenic plant is Bali grapes, which have been researched for genetic transformation.
• 😀 Bali grapes are popular in Indonesia, either consumed fresh or processed, but their market demand is low.
• 😀 The low demand for Bali grapes is due to factors like small fruit size, the presence of seeds, and a less sweet taste.
• 😀 To enhance the quality of Bali grapes, genetic modifications are being made to improve the sweetness by adding genes that increase sucrose levels.
• 😀 The gene being transformed into Bali grapes is the SOS PS1 gene, which is cloned from sugarcane and plays a role in sucrose biosynthesis.
• 😀 Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used as the delivery vehicle for transferring the SOS PS1 gene into Bali grapes.
• 😀 The transformation process involves several steps, such as preparing the target plants, infecting them with Agrobacterium, and analyzing the results through DNA isolation and PCR.
• 😀 Successful gene transfer is confirmed by observing the amplification of a specific DNA band, which indicates that the gene has been successfully incorporated into the grape genome.
• 😀 The end result of this genetic modification is sweeter Bali grapes, improving their market appeal and overall fruit quality.

Q & A

What is a transgenic plant?

A transgenic plant is a plant that has been modified by inserting foreign genes from different plant species or organisms through genetic transformation. The goal is to create a new plant variety with superior characteristics compared to the original.

What is the purpose of creating transgenic plants?

The purpose of creating transgenic plants is to improve specific traits, such as resistance to pests, diseases, or environmental stress, and to enhance quality traits such as taste, size, or nutritional content.

Which plant was researched for genetic transformation in this script?

The plant researched for genetic transformation in this script is the Bali grape, which is a popular fruit in Indonesia but has quality issues that limit its market appeal.

Why is the Bali grape not as popular in the market compared to other grape varieties?

The Bali grape is less popular because of its small fruit size, presence of seeds, and a less sweet taste, which make it less attractive to consumers.

How can the quality of Bali grapes be improved?

The quality of Bali grapes can be improved by genetically inserting a gene that increases sweetness, specifically through the insertion of the Gene SOS PS1, which is involved in sucrose biosynthesis.

What is the Gene SOS PS1, and where does it come from?

Gene SOS PS1 is a gene cloned from sugarcane. It plays a key role in the biosynthesis of sucrose and is used in the genetic transformation of plants to increase sweetness.

What method is used to transfer the Gene SOS PS1 into Bali grapes?

The Gene SOS PS1 is transferred into Bali grapes using *Agrobacterium tumefaciens*, a bacterium commonly used as a vehicle for transferring genes into plant cells.

What is the role of *Agrobacterium tumefaciens* in this process?

*Agrobacterium tumefaciens* acts as a vector to carry and introduce the desired gene, in this case, the Gene SOS PS1, into the DNA of the target plant, the Bali grape.

What steps were taken in the experimental procedure to insert the gene into Bali grapes?

The experimental procedure involved confirming the presence of the gene in *Agrobacterium tumefaciens*, preparing the suspension of the bacteria, inoculating the Bali grape plants with the bacteria, isolating DNA from transformed plants, and performing PCR and electrophoresis to confirm the success of the transformation.

What did the PCR and electrophoresis results indicate in this study?

The PCR and electrophoresis results indicated that the Gene SOS PS1 had successfully been transferred into the Bali grape plants, as shown by the amplification of a 550 base pair fragment from the bacterial sample.