Embriologia do sistema cardiovascular: Artérias.

Summary

This video explores the embryology of arterial blood vessels, focusing on their formation and development from the 17th day of embryonic life. The instructor discusses the morphogenesis of blood vessels, including arterial structures like the aortic arches, and the role of the mesoderm in their creation. Key topics include the relationship between the vascular system and the primitive intestine, the importance of the vitelline arteries, and the arterial pathways in the head, neck, and limbs. The video concludes with a brief overview of the fate of umbilical arteries and the importance of understanding these processes for cardiovascular physiology.

Takeaways

• 😀 The embryology of arterial vessels begins around the 17th day of embryonic development with mesodermal cells differentiating into angioblasts.
• 😀 Vascular formation starts with vasculogenesis, leading to the creation of arterial vessels before venous vessels are formed.
• 😀 The aorta ventral and the arching of the aortic arches play crucial roles in the formation of arterial structures, especially in the head and neck area.
• 😀 The first aortic arch forms the maxillary arteries, while the second arch regresses and forms the stapedial arteries.
• 😀 The third aortic arch is critical in forming the common carotid arteries and part of the internal carotid arteries.
• 😀 The fourth aortic arch contributes to the formation of the subclavian artery on the right side and part of the aortic arch on the left.
• 😀 The sixth aortic arch helps form the pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus, a vital structure for fetal circulation.
• 😀 The iliac arteries initially vascularize the yolk sac during the fourth week of embryonic development and later contribute to the arterial supply of the primitive intestine.
• 😀 Umbilical arteries transport deoxygenated blood from the embryo to the placenta, and post-birth, they fibrose to form the medial umbilical ligaments.
• 😀 Intersegmental arteries from the dorsal aorta contribute to the formation of arteries for the limbs, vertebrae, and muscles along the body's wall.
• 😀 The seventh intersegmental artery contributes to the formation of arteries in the upper limbs, while the fifth lumbar segment plays a role in the arteries of the lower limbs.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the lesson in the transcript?

The lesson focuses on the embryology of arterial blood vessels, specifically the morphogenesis of these vessels, the formation of arterial arches, and their derivatives.

When does the formation of blood vessels begin during embryonic development?

The formation of blood vessels begins around the 17th day of embryonic development, originating from mesodermal cells.

What are the key types of cells involved in the formation of blood vessels?

The key cells involved are mesodermal cells, specifically angioblastic cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. These cells differentiate into various vascular and blood-forming cells.

What is vasculogenesis, and how does it relate to arterial formation?

Vasculogenesis is the process of blood vessel formation from precursor cells. It is initially responsible for forming arterial vessels before the development of veins.

How does the formation of arterial arches contribute to vascular development?

The arterial arches, formed from the aortic sac, contribute to the formation of major arteries in the head and neck, such as the carotid arteries and subclavian arteries.

What is the significance of the aortic arches in vascular development?

The aortic arches are crucial in forming key arteries in the head, neck, and other parts of the body. They originate from the pharyngeal arches and follow a craniocaudal pattern of development.

What arteries are derived from the first aortic arch?

The first aortic arch primarily gives rise to the maxillary arteries, which are involved in the formation of the vascular structures of the jaw.

How do the third and fourth aortic arches differ in their contributions to vascular development?

The third aortic arch contributes to the formation of the common carotid arteries, while the fourth aortic arch forms part of the subclavian arteries and the aortic arch itself.

What is the role of the umbilical arteries during fetal development?

The umbilical arteries transport deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. After birth, part of these arteries fibroses and becomes the medial umbilical ligaments.

How do the intersegmental arteries contribute to vascular development?

The intersegmental arteries are important for the formation of the arteries in the limbs, including the vertebral arteries and the arteries of the upper and lower limbs. They also contribute to the vascularization of the body wall.