LEMBAGA JASA KEUANGAN BANK DAN NON-BANK MATERI EKONOMI KELAS X FASE E

Summary

This video explores the role of financial institutions, focusing on both banks and non-bank financial services. It covers the history of banks, their functions, and types, such as central, commercial, Islamic, and rural banks. Key banking principles like trust, prudence, confidentiality, and customer knowledge are discussed. The video also dives into non-bank financial institutions, including insurance, pension funds, leasing, capital markets, and fintech, highlighting their impact on economic growth and stability. The diverse financial products and services offered by these institutions are also addressed, showcasing their essential role in the economy.

Takeaways

• 😀 Financial institutions are divided into two main categories: banks and non-banking financial institutions.
• 😀 A bank is defined as a business entity that collects funds from the public in the form of deposits and distributes them to improve living standards.
• 😀 Banks have three main functions: collecting funds, distributing loans, and providing services to the public.
• 😀 Banks raise funds from three sources: their own capital, public deposits (savings, checking, and time deposits), and interbank money markets.
• 😀 Banks provide loans to the public for purposes such as investment, working capital, or consumption.
• 😀 Banks operate under four key principles: trust, prudence, confidentiality, and knowing your customer (KYC).
• 😀 Types of banks based on their activities include: central banks, commercial banks, Islamic banks, and rural banks.
• 😀 Central banks manage monetary policy, regulate financial stability, and promote economic growth. Examples include Indonesia's central bank.
• 😀 Islamic banks operate under Islamic law, offering services based on profit-sharing principles such as mudarabah and musyarakah.
• 😀 Non-bank financial institutions (such as insurance, pension funds, and financing institutions) serve different financial needs by providing loans, insurance, and investment opportunities.
• 😀 Fintech refers to the use of technology in finance, resulting in new financial products, services, or business models that improve the financial system's efficiency and security.

Q & A

What is a financial institution?

A financial institution is an organization that provides financial services, which involve managing money, investments, and credit. These institutions include both banks and non-bank entities.

How is a bank defined according to Indonesian law?

According to Indonesian Law No. 7 of 1992, a bank is defined as a business entity that collects funds from the public in the form of deposits and channels them to the public to improve living standards.

What are the three main sources of funds for banks?

The three main sources of funds for banks are: 1) their own capital from initial deposits and shares sold, 2) funds collected from the public in the form of savings, current accounts, and deposits, and 3) money market funds from interbank transactions.

What are the primary functions of a bank?

The primary functions of a bank include: 1) collecting funds from the public, 2) channeling these funds to the public in the form of loans or credits, and 3) providing various financial services to individuals and businesses.

What is the 'prudential principle' in banking?

The prudential principle emphasizes that banks must operate with caution and care, ensuring that their activities, including fund collection and disbursement, are conducted in a way that maintains the bank’s health and complies with applicable laws.

What does the 'principle of confidentiality' mean in banking?

The principle of confidentiality requires that banks keep customer information confidential, except in specific cases such as tax purposes, legal proceedings, or when exchanging information between banks.

How does a bank 'know its customer' (KYC) and why is it important?

The KYC principle requires banks to know and verify the identity of their customers, monitor their activities, and report suspicious transactions. This is important to prevent illegal activities, such as money laundering or fraud, and to protect the bank’s reputation.

What are the different types of banks based on their activities?

Banks are categorized into four types based on their activities: 1) Central banks, which regulate financial stability; 2) Commercial banks, which offer a wide range of financial services; 3) Islamic banks, which operate under Islamic law; and 4) Rural banks, which focus on providing credit to rural communities.

What is the role of the central bank?

The central bank is responsible for regulating financial institutions, ensuring the stability of the financial system, managing monetary policy, and maintaining price stability, interest rates, and foreign exchange rates.

What is the concept of 'syariah banking' in Indonesia?

Syariah banking in Indonesia operates under Islamic principles, offering products like mudarabah (profit-sharing) and musyarakah (partnership) for financing. These banks avoid interest-based transactions and ensure that their activities align with Islamic law.

What are non-bank financial institutions and what role do they play?

Non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) are entities that provide financial services similar to banks but do not take deposits. Their role includes mobilizing funds and directing them into productive activities, often in sectors like insurance, pension funds, and leasing, helping to stimulate economic growth.

What is the role of insurance in financial services?

Insurance provides a safety net by transferring the risk of financial loss from an individual or business to an insurer. It involves paying premiums in exchange for compensation in case of unforeseen events, such as accidents, loss, or death.

What is the function of the capital market?

The capital market functions as a platform where companies and governments can raise funds by issuing stocks and bonds, while investors buy and sell these securities. This market helps direct funds to productive economic activities, supporting growth and development.