SENGKALAN (ANGKA JAWA)

Summary

This educational script delves into Javanese script and its various components, including the 'carakan' alphabet, 'murda' consonants, 'swara' vowels, and their correct usage in writing. It introduces Javanese numerals and their application in both daily writing and historical documentation. A significant focus is on 'sengkalan,' a traditional method for recording years and dates using symbolic mnemonics, often in relation to the Javanese and Islamic calendars. The lesson aims to help students understand these cultural and linguistic elements, strengthening their proficiency in Javanese writing and historical reference.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lesson focuses on learning Javanese script (aksara Jawa) in class 11, specifically covering different types of Javanese characters.
• 😀 Students are introduced to the various forms of Javanese characters, such as carakan, murda, swara, aksara rekan, and the use of sandhangan (diacritics).
• 😀 The Javanese script lessons start from class 10, with a deeper exploration into writing Javanese characters in class 11.
• 😀 Understanding the writing system involves learning the structure of Javanese numbers (angka Jowo) and their proper usage in writing.
• 😀 There are clear rules on how to write numbers and their combinations in Javanese script, including how to handle multi-digit numbers.
• 😀 The concept of 'sengkalan' is introduced, which refers to the system of encoding years in Javanese culture, with examples showing how years are written with specific words.
• 😀 'Sengkalan' uses metaphorical language, often involving words or phrases that correspond to a specific year, such as 'Ponco catur' for a particular year.
• 😀 Different types of 'sengkalan' are explained, including Suryo Sengkolo (solar year) and Condro Sengkolo (lunar year), each with its distinct way of marking time.
• 😀 The script explains the process of writing 'sengkalan', including how to work with various types of words and how to create encoded references for specific years.
• 😀 Students are encouraged to practice and understand the cultural and historical significance of 'sengkalan' in Javanese writing and numerals.

Q & A

What are the main components of the Javanese script discussed in the transcript?

The main components discussed are Aksoro Legeno (Carakan), Aksoro Murdo, Aksoro Sworo, Aksara Rekan, and various combinations of these scripts with Ongko Jowo (numerals), Sandhangan (diacritics), and Sengkalan (temporal markers).

What is the significance of Sengkalan in Javanese writing?

Sengkalan is a traditional method used to represent years in Javanese culture, often through a combination of words or numerical symbols. It serves as a way to mark significant events or historical years, using specific expressions that are understood in the context of the Javanese calendar.

How is Aksoro Jowo (Javanese numerals) used in writing?

Aksoro Jowo numerals are written with specific symbols, and the script rules are used to place them in different parts of a sentence. For example, numerals may appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence depending on the context, and they may be accompanied by Sandhangan.

What are the three types of Sengkalan mentioned in the transcript?

The three types of Sengkalan are Sengkalan Suryo (using the Sun as a marker), Sengkalan Condro (using the Moon), and Sengkalan Lombok (using simple or original expressions, including plain or figurative language).

How do the Sengkalan markers differ from each other?

Sengkalan Suryo is related to the solar or solar calendar, Sengkalan Condro is related to the lunar or Islamic calendar, and Sengkalan Lombok refers to more basic or straightforward expressions without complex figures.

What does Sengkalan signify in terms of year representation?

Sengkalan is used to signify a year in the Javanese calendar or in relation to the Masehi (Gregorian) or Islamic calendar. It encodes the year in a way that often includes a poetic or symbolic phrase, which can involve subtracting or adding to numbers.

Can you explain how Sengkalan is written according to the transcript?

Sengkalan is written by selecting specific words that represent a year or an important event. For example, the number 1000 could be represented by the words 'Sewu Sangat Us' or another creative expression, with rules on how to combine them.

What role do Sandhangan play in Javanese writing?

Sandhangan, or diacritics, are used in Javanese script to modify the sounds of the letters, often helping to indicate proper pronunciation, tone, or grammatical function. They are essential for writing correctly and understanding the meaning of words.

What is the significance of using different types of words in Sengkalan?

Using different types of words in Sengkalan adds layers of meaning and context to the representation of a year. For example, using more figurative or symbolic words can give a deeper cultural or historical reference, making the Sengkalan not just a numeric marker but a part of storytelling.

What examples were given for the use of Sengkalan in the transcript?

Examples given include 'Sewu Sangat Us Patangpuluh Lima' representing a certain year, as well as using combinations of words like 'Manunggal Ponco' and 'Asto' for other specific year representations, often involving subtraction or addition in the number.