KELAS VII - BAB IX || RUKHSAH : KEMUDAHAN DARI ALLAH SWT DALAM BERIBADAH KEPADA-NYA

Summary

This script discusses the concept of 'rukso' in Islamic jurisprudence, which refers to concessions or relaxations in certain rules to ease the burden on individuals facing difficult circumstances. It elaborates on various situations where rukso applies, such as exemptions for travelers, the sick, and women during menstruation or post-childbirth. The script also highlights how these relaxations aim to preserve health and well-being, particularly in the context of fasting during Ramadan, and outlines guidelines for making up missed fasts or providing compensations (fidya) in special cases. The flexibility of religious practices in Islam is emphasized to ensure accessibility for everyone.

Takeaways

• 😀 Rukso refers to legal concessions or relaxation, aiming to make it easier for individuals by adjusting rules under specific circumstances.
• 😀 Rukso is divided into two types: one that involves istihsan (choosing what is better) and the other that invalidates an original prohibition due to particular circumstances.
• 😀 An example of rukso with istihsan is a traveler not fasting during Ramadan, as it is seen as a better choice for them in that situation.
• 😀 In some cases, things that are normally prohibited, like consuming alcohol or eating carrion, may become permissible if necessary for health or survival.
• 😀 Islam offers relaxation in prayer for those traveling, allowing them to combine or shorten prayers according to certain conditions.
• 😀 In Islam, travelers can be exempt from fasting and instead can make up the missed fast on another day once they are no longer traveling.
• 😀 People who are ill and unable to fast due to their condition (e.g., severe illness) are also allowed to skip fasting and may either make up the fast later or pay fidyah (a form of charity).
• 😀 Women who experience menstruation or postpartum bleeding are exempt from fasting during Ramadan and must make up the missed fasts later.
• 😀 Women who experience a miscarriage before 80 days of pregnancy are not considered to be in postpartum bleeding and must fast normally, whereas those who miscarry after 80 days must make up the fast and pay fidyah if necessary.
• 😀 Elderly people who are unable to fast are allowed to skip fasting and instead compensate by paying fidyah, which is typically in the form of food given to the poor.

Q & A

What is the meaning of *ruksah* in Islamic law?

*Ruksah* refers to a concession or relaxation in Islamic law, allowing for a deviation from the original legal rulings under certain circumstances to provide ease or relief, such as in situations of necessity, hardship, or emergency.

What are the two main types of *ruksah* described in the transcript?

The two main types of *ruksah* are: 1) *Ruksah* involving *istihsan* (goodness), where an individual may choose a more beneficial option in specific situations, and 2) *Ruksah* that nullifies the original ruling, such as making a previously prohibited action permissible in times of necessity (e.g., eating forbidden food to save one's life).

Can you provide an example of *ruksah* involving *istihsan*?

An example of *ruksah* involving *istihsan* is when a traveler (musafir) is exempt from fasting during Ramadan due to the hardships of travel.

What does *ruksah* that nullifies a prohibition look like?

*Ruksah* that nullifies a prohibition allows actions that are normally forbidden, such as consuming alcohol or eating carrion, to become permissible in cases where not doing so would endanger one's health or life.

What are some of the allowances for performing prayer while traveling?

Travelers are allowed to shorten (combine) their prayers, such as combining the Zuhr and Asr prayers, or the Maghrib and Isha prayers, to accommodate the difficulties of travel.

What exemptions are provided for people who cannot fast during Ramadan?

People who are unable to fast due to illness, such as those with severe conditions like stroke or kidney disease, are exempt. They can either make up for the missed fasts later or pay *fidyah* (a compensatory act of charity).

How does *ruksah* apply to women during menstruation or postpartum bleeding?

Women who are menstruating or experiencing postpartum bleeding (nifas) are exempt from fasting during Ramadan. They must make up for the missed fasts later.

What happens if a woman experiences a miscarriage and the fetus is formed?

If a woman has a miscarriage and the fetus has formed (more than 80 days old), she is treated as someone in postpartum bleeding (nifas) and is exempt from fasting during Ramadan, having to make up for the fast later.

What is the rule for elderly individuals who cannot fast during Ramadan?

Elderly individuals who are no longer able to fast due to their age or health may be exempt from fasting and are instead required to pay *fidyah*, which is a form of compensation for missed fasts, typically in the form of food for the poor.

What is the significance of *fidyah* in the context of fasting exemptions?

*Fidyah* is a compensatory act where individuals who are unable to fast, due to health conditions or other valid reasons, provide a specific amount of food (usually 0.75 liters of uncooked rice or its equivalent) to the needy as a form of atonement.