Fenomena Dasar Mesin : Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) oleh Yogie Ariana, Teknik Mesin ITB Angkatan 2018

Summary

In this video, the presenter, Yoga, introduces the concept of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), exploring its principles based on Michael Faraday's discovery. The experiment demonstrates how electric currents interact with magnetic fields in a fluid medium, showcasing the effects on fluid velocity in different fluids like water, salt solutions, and sodium hydroxide. The experiment highlights the relationship between current strength and fluid flow speed, the impact of ion concentration, and the occurrence of oxidation. The video concludes with insights into the findings and suggestions for improving future experiments, such as increasing data accuracy and avoiding oxidation by using non-rusting conductors.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script introduces a physics experiment exploring Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), a phenomenon where the movement of a charged fluid through a magnetic field generates an electric current.
• 😀 MHD is based on Michael Faraday's principle, which states that moving charges through a magnetic field induce an electric current perpendicular to both the direction of motion and the magnetic field.
• 😀 The experiment demonstrates how varying electric currents and fluid types affect the speed of fluid flow in an MHD setup.
• 😀 The tools required for the experiment include a container, two batteries with different currents, crocodile clips, various fluid solutions, and a strong neodymium magnet.
• 😀 A key component of the experiment involves connecting wires and clips to the batteries, which provide the electric current for the MHD effect.
• 😀 The fluid types used in the experiment include water, saltwater, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which influence the speed of fluid flow.
• 😀 The setup also involves using a flow indicator made from cardboard, chosen because it is resistant to magnetic and electric fields.
• 😀 The experiment's results show that fluid flow speed increases as the electric current or the concentration of ions in the fluid increases.
• 😀 Two phenomena observed in the experiment are the MHD effect (fluid flow) and oxidation (bubbles forming due to rust on the iron conductor).
• 😀 The conclusion suggests that the MHD effect is real and that increasing current and ion concentration speeds up fluid flow, but the relationship may not be strictly linear.
• 😀 Recommendations for improving the experiment include collecting more data for better accuracy and using non-corroding materials to avoid oxidation.

Q & A

What is Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)?

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a phenomenon where the motion of charged fluids in the presence of a magnetic field generates an electric current. The key principle is that when a conductor moves through a magnetic field, the charge carriers (such as electrons) are affected by a force that is perpendicular to both the motion of the conductor and the magnetic field.

How does the principle of MHD relate to Faraday's Law?

Faraday's Law explains how a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current. In MHD, this principle is applied, where a conductor (fluid with charged particles) moving through a magnetic field experiences a force that causes the charged particles to move, thereby creating a flow of electric current.

What experimental setup was used to observe MHD in the video?

The experimental setup involved a container for the fluid, a magnetic field generated by a neodymium magnet, a power source (two batteries with different currents), connecting wires with crocodile clips, and a solution of NaOH or salt water as the conducting fluid. The flow of the fluid was observed using an indicator made from a piece of cardboard.

What is the significance of using different fluid solutions (water, salt solution, NaOH solution)?

The type of fluid solution affects the ion concentration, which in turn impacts the conductivity of the fluid. Solutions with higher ion concentrations, like salt water or NaOH, result in faster fluid flow when an electric current is applied because they allow for better conduction of electricity.

How does the current (amperage) affect the fluid flow in MHD experiments?

The fluid flow increases with higher electrical current. This relationship suggests that the amount of current directly influences the speed at which the charged fluid particles move within the magnetic field, demonstrating the principles of MHD.

What role does the magnetic field play in the MHD experiment?

The magnetic field interacts with the moving charged fluid, generating a Lorentz force that causes the fluid to move. The direction of this movement is perpendicular to both the direction of fluid flow and the magnetic field.

What is the effect of the number of batteries on the MHD experiment?

Increasing the number of batteries (and thus the electrical current) results in a faster fluid flow. This demonstrates that the flow rate is proportional to the amount of current applied.

Why was oxidation observed in the experiment, and what did it indicate?

Oxidation occurred due to the use of iron conductors, which can rust over time. The presence of bubbles during the experiment indicated oxidation, specifically the formation of oxygen gas, which was a side effect of the rusting process.

What were the two main phenomena observed in the MHD experiment?

The two main phenomena observed were (1) the movement of the fluid due to the MHD effect, as indicated by the displacement of a piece of cardboard, and (2) the oxidation process, which resulted in the formation of bubbles due to the rusting of the iron conductors.

What improvements could be made to the experiment for more accurate results?

Improvements could include increasing the number of test data points by varying both the battery count and ion concentration in the fluid. Additionally, using non-corrosive conductors would help avoid oxidation and improve the accuracy of the results.