PENGANTAR MINE PLANNING

Summary

In this video, Rizky Bagus Wicaksono introduces the fundamentals of mining, covering essential topics like mining techniques, methods, and concepts. He explains the difference between mining and extraction, outlines the key stages in the mining industry (exploration, feasibility studies, and exploitation), and discusses mining operations, including equipment and processes involved. The video also highlights different mining methods (open-pit, underground, and underwater), as well as planning and sequencing in mining to ensure safety and efficiency. This insightful presentation serves as an excellent introduction to mining and its related industries.

Takeaways

• 😀 Mining is a process that involves the exploration, extraction, processing, and selling of mineral resources like gold, copper, and oil.
• 😀 Mining is different from excavation: mining involves exploration, while excavation is part of the extraction process.
• 😀 The mining industry follows a series of steps, including exploration, feasibility studies, preparation, exploitation, and post-mining rehabilitation.
• 😀 Feasibility studies evaluate the technical, economic, environmental, and governmental feasibility of a mining project before it proceeds.
• 😀 Activities in mining include clearing, topsoil removal, drilling, blasting, and transporting materials from the mine site.
• 😀 Indonesia's mining industry is regulated by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, with laws such as Kepmen No. 18/06 of 2018.
• 😀 'Good Mining Practices' aim to optimize natural resource use while minimizing environmental damage.
• 😀 The mining industry is capital and labor-intensive, involving large-scale machinery and requiring substantial investment.
• 😀 Mining can lead to environmental risks, as resources are non-renewable, and extraction can cause significant environmental damage.
• 😀 Different types of rocks, such as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, are important in the mining industry, each with specific characteristics and uses.
• 😀 Various mining methods, such as open-pit, underground, and underwater mining, are used depending on the type of resource and geological conditions.

Q & A

What is the main difference between mining and extraction in the mining industry?

Mining refers to the entire process of finding, extracting, processing, utilizing, and selling mineral resources. Extraction, however, is just a part of the mining process that specifically involves removing the material from the earth, including blasting, loading, and transporting.

What are the three main stages in the mining process?

The three main stages in the mining process are exploration, exploitation, and post-mining rehabilitation. Exploration involves searching for mineral deposits, exploitation includes the actual extraction process, and post-mining rehabilitation focuses on restoring the mined land.

What is the role of government in the mining process?

The government plays a key role in regulating and overseeing mining activities. It ensures that mining projects are feasible from a technical, economic, environmental, and governmental perspective, including approval based on local laws and regulations.

What is the concept of Good Mining Practices (GMP)?

Good Mining Practices (GMP) involves utilizing natural resources optimally while minimizing environmental impact. It aims to enhance safety, productivity, and environmental responsibility in mining operations, distinct from government regulations or practices.

What are the main types of mining methods used in Indonesia?

Indonesia primarily uses three types of mining methods: open-pit mining, underground mining, and underwater mining. Each method is suited to different types of mineral deposits and environmental conditions.

What is the importance of 'stripping ratio' in open-pit mining?

The stripping ratio is a critical factor in open-pit mining, representing the volume of waste material that must be removed to extract a certain amount of valuable ore. A high stripping ratio may indicate high operational costs, making the mining project less profitable.

What is the process of coal formation?

Coal forms from ancient plant material that, over millions of years, undergoes chemical and physical changes due to heat and pressure. Initially, the plant material decays in swampy conditions without complete decomposition, then transforms into peat, and over time, turns into coal under high pressure and temperature.

What is 'topsoil stripping' in mining operations?

Topsoil stripping is the process of removing the uppermost layer of soil, which is fertile and rich in nutrients. This layer is often preserved for later use in land rehabilitation after mining activities are completed.

What factors make the mining industry different from other industries?

The mining industry differs due to its high capital investment requirements, use of large machinery, non-renewable resources, and the fact that mineral deposits are located according to geological conditions rather than being determined by human choice. Additionally, mining has high environmental risks.

What is the significance of slope stability in mining operations?

Slope stability is crucial in mining operations to ensure the safety of both workers and the environment. If the slopes in mining pits or tunnels are unstable, they can lead to dangerous landslides or collapses, posing significant risks.