METABOLISME ZAT BESI (FE)

Summary

This video presents a detailed explanation of iron metabolism, covering its absorption, transport, storage, and interactions with other nutrients. The speaker, Fitriah Nur Fadila, breaks down the difference between heme and non-heme iron, highlighting how they are absorbed in the body and how factors like vitamin C can enhance absorption. The transport of iron via proteins like DMT1 and transferrin, as well as the storage of excess iron in the liver, are explained. The video also touches on how other substances like tannins and calcium can inhibit iron absorption, and emphasizes the importance of maintaining adequate iron levels to avoid anemia.

Takeaways

• 😀 Iron is an essential trace element for the body, with about 2-4 grams of iron in the human body, sourced from foods like red beans, meat, spinach, eggs, potatoes, and broccoli.
• 😀 There are two types of iron in food: heme iron (from animal products) and non-heme iron (from plant sources). Heme iron is more easily absorbed by the body.
• 😀 Heme iron absorption is more efficient, at around 25%, while non-heme iron is absorbed less efficiently, at about 5-10%.
• 😀 Iron absorption occurs in the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum, with heme iron requiring hydrolysis before absorption.
• 😀 Non-heme iron must be released from food components by acid and enzymes in the stomach and small intestine to be absorbed.
• 😀 Vitamin C plays a crucial role in enhancing iron absorption by reducing ferric (Fe3+) iron to ferrous (Fe2+) iron, which is easier for the body to absorb.
• 😀 Iron is transported through the bloodstream by transferrin, which delivers it to various organs and tissues for use or storage.
• 😀 Iron is stored primarily as ferritin in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Excess iron is stored as hemosiderin in the liver.
• 😀 Hepcidin, a protein produced by the liver, regulates iron absorption by controlling its release from enterocytes into the bloodstream.
• 😀 Iron absorption and transport can be affected by other nutrients: vitamin C and certain acids enhance absorption, while polyphenols, oxalates, and calcium inhibit it.
• 😀 Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, a condition caused by insufficient iron levels to produce healthy red blood cells.

Q & A

What is the role of iron in the body?

Iron is an essential trace element crucial for various bodily functions, including oxygen transport in the blood, energy production, and immune system support.

How much iron is present in the human body?

The human body contains about 2-4 grams of iron, which is sourced from various foods.

What are the main sources of iron in the diet?

Iron is primarily found in foods like red meat, spinach, eggs, potatoes, beans, and broccoli.

What are the two types of iron found in food?

The two types of iron in food are heme iron (found in animal products) and non-heme iron (found in plant-based foods).

What is the difference between heme and non-heme iron in terms of absorption?

Heme iron is more easily absorbed by the body, with a 25% absorption rate, whereas non-heme iron has a lower absorption rate of 5-10%.

How is heme iron absorbed in the body?

Heme iron is released from hemoglobin and absorbed in the small intestine, facilitated by proteins like heme carrier protein (HCP).

What happens to non-heme iron during digestion?

Non-heme iron is first released from its food components through enzymatic digestion and must be reduced to ferrous iron (Fe2+) for better absorption in the intestines.

How does vitamin C enhance iron absorption?

Vitamin C helps reduce ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+), making it more soluble and easier to absorb in the intestines.

What is the role of the DMT1 transporter in iron absorption?

DMT1 (Divalent Metal Transporter 1) is responsible for transporting ferrous iron (Fe2+) across the intestinal cell membranes into the bloodstream.

What happens to excess iron in the body?

Excess iron is stored in the liver and other organs as ferritin or hemosiderin, which are proteins that help prevent iron toxicity.