SYARIF ABDURRAHMAN II Sejarah Lokal KALBAR IPS 7 Sm 2 KURMER @siera5468

Summary

This educational video script focuses on the historical figure Syarif Abdurrahman, exploring his life, achievements, and strategic role in Kalimantan Barat during the 18th century. Born in 1742, he became a key figure in the establishment of Pontianak, overcoming supernatural myths and expanding trade networks. His conflicts with the Dutch and local rulers, including the use of divide and conquer tactics, shaped the political landscape of the region. Syarif Abdurrahman’s leadership and diplomacy played a crucial role in uniting the region against external pressures, offering a unique glimpse into the complex history of Kalimantan.

Takeaways

• 😀 Syarif Abdurrahman was born in 1742 as the son of Syarif Husein and a Dayak woman, and was the grandson of Syekh Abdurrahman.
• 😀 He was known for his ambition and talents, having spent his youth exploring trade routes and even fighting foreign ships.
• 😀 Syarif Abdurrahman became the son-in-law of the Sultan by marrying Ratu Sirih Anom from Banjarmasin.
• 😀 In 1771, Syarif Abdurrahman and his followers sailed up the Kapuas River and established a settlement at the confluence with the Landak River, which eventually grew into the city of Pontianak.
• 😀 Pontianak was strategically located and became a trade center, attracting merchants from various regions like Bugis, Malay, Tiongkok, Sanggau, Sukadana, Mempawah, and Sambas.
• 😀 Syarif Abdurrahman faced challenges with the colonial strategy of 'divide and conquer' employed by the Dutch, especially when trying to unite Kalimantan Barat's local powers.
• 😀 Syarif Abdurrahman recognized the strength of the Dutch and eventually accepted their supremacy while maintaining control over the region's resources, including gold, diamonds, bird nests, pepper, rubber, rattan, wax, and sago.
• 😀 The Dutch expanded into Riau, which led to conflicts between local rulers like Raja Ali, who fled to Mempawah, further complicating the political landscape.
• 😀 Syarif Abdurrahman utilized the tensions between different local rulers to strengthen his position and aid in maintaining the success of Pontianak's trade routes.
• 😀 A key turning point in the conflicts was when Syarif Abdurrahman worked with the Dutch to push back against rival powers like Sukadana, eventually solidifying his control over the region.
• 😀 By the 18th century, communication, trade, diplomacy, and strategic alliances played a significant role in maintaining the unity and defense of Kalimantan Barat from external threats like the Dutch.

Q & A

Who was Syarif Abdurrahman?

Syarif Abdurrahman was the son of Syarif Husein and a Dayak woman, born in 1742. He was a prominent historical figure in Kalimantan, known for his leadership and his role in founding the city of Pontianak.

What is the significance of Syarif Abdurrahman in Kalimantan's history?

Syarif Abdurrahman played a key role in the establishment of the city of Pontianak and was involved in political and military strategies to resist foreign powers, particularly the Dutch, and expand his influence in Kalimantan.

How did Syarif Abdurrahman contribute to the founding of Pontianak?

In 1771, Syarif Abdurrahman sailed along the Kapuas River, reached the Landak River, cleared the forest, and built a settlement that grew into the city of Pontianak, which later became a center of trade.

What challenges did Syarif Abdurrahman face in Pontianak?

Syarif Abdurrahman faced supernatural beliefs in the area and successfully subdued them, and later had to navigate the growing tensions between different regions and the presence of the Dutch.

How did Syarif Abdurrahman deal with the Dutch colonial presence in Kalimantan?

Although initially resistant, Syarif Abdurrahman eventually acknowledged the Dutch supremacy, allowing them to monopolize certain resources, but he also used diplomatic and military strategies to resist their full control.

What role did political conflict play in the history of Kalimantan during Syarif Abdurrahman's time?

Syarif Abdurrahman was involved in various conflicts, including struggles against local rulers like the Sultan of Mempawah and the Sultan of Sukadana, as well as resisting Dutch interventions. These conflicts were fueled by competition over resources and power.

What does 'divide et impera' refer to in the context of the script?

'Divide et impera' is Latin for 'divide and rule,' a political strategy employed by the Dutch to manipulate local rulers and communities in Kalimantan by fostering division among them, which Syarif Abdurrahman actively resisted.

What was the outcome of the Dutch expansion into Riau?

The Dutch expansion into Riau caused Raja Ali to flee to Mempawah, and Syarif Abdurrahman used this opportunity to eliminate obstacles to trade in Pontianak by intervening in the local power struggle.

What was the relationship between Syarif Abdurrahman and Raja Ali?

Raja Ali, who fled to Mempawah after the Dutch expansion into Riau, became a key figure in the political and military strategies of Syarif Abdurrahman, who used him to consolidate power in Kalimantan.

How did Syarif Abdurrahman use alliances to further his political goals?

Syarif Abdurrahman formed alliances with the Dutch, especially when it suited his objectives. He also involved his son, Syarif Kasim, in military campaigns and used diplomatic negotiations to strengthen his position against rivals like Sukadana.