Kelainan atau Gangguan Sistem Imunitas

Summary

This video discusses various disorders of the immune system, beginning with allergies, which are excessive immune responses to foreign substances. It also covers immunodeficiencies, including combined immunodeficiency and AIDS, as well as autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and pernicious anemia. The video further addresses transplant rejection and erythroblastosis fetalis, a condition that arises during pregnancies involving Rh incompatibility. The presenter provides clear explanations, examples, and highlights the importance of understanding these immune system conditions for better health awareness.

Takeaways

• 😀 Allergies are an excessive immune response to allergens or foreign substances, which can be harmless or harmful.
• 😀 In developing countries, allergies are often triggered by dust mites, while in other countries, pollen is a common trigger.
• 😀 Common allergy symptoms include runny nose, watery eyes, and sneezing.
• 😀 Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread inflammation throughout the body.
• 😀 Immunodeficiency is when one or more components of the immune system fail to function properly, making the body vulnerable to infections.
• 😀 SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) is an example of immunodeficiency, where both B and T lymphocytes fail to function.
• 😀 AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV, which weakens the immune system by attacking T-helper cells.
• 😀 Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells, mistaking them for foreign invaders.
• 😀 Examples of autoimmune diseases include Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Pernicious Anemia.
• 😀 Organ transplant rejection occurs when the immune system identifies the transplanted organ as foreign, often requiring immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection.

Q & A

What is allergy or hypersensitivity in the context of the immune system?

Allergy, or hypersensitivity, is an excessive immune response to allergens or foreign substances, which can be harmful or benign. It typically occurs when the immune system overreacts to harmless substances like pollen or dust.

What are common symptoms of an allergy?

Common symptoms of an allergy include a runny nose, watery eyes, and sneezing. These symptoms occur as a result of the immune system's response to allergens.

What is anaphylaxis, and how is it different from common allergies?

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction where the entire body experiences inflammation or swelling. It is a more intense form of allergy that can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

What is immune deficiency?

Immune deficiency refers to a condition where one or more components of the immune system are not functioning properly, leading to a weakened immune response. This can make the body more susceptible to infections.

What are some examples of immune deficiency disorders?

Examples of immune deficiency disorders include Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), which affects both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), caused by the HIV virus attacking T-helper cells.

What is the difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity?

Humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells to fight pathogens, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells, which directly attack infected cells. Both types of immunity are crucial for defending against infections.

What is an autoimmune disease?

An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, tissues, or organs, thinking they are foreign. This leads to inflammation and damage.

Can you give examples of autoimmune diseases?

Examples of autoimmune diseases include Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, which attacks vital organs like the kidneys; Rheumatoid Arthritis, which affects the joints; and Multiple Sclerosis, which targets nerve cells.

What causes transplant rejection, and how is it treated?

Transplant rejection happens when the immune system recognizes a transplanted organ as foreign and attacks it. To prevent this, patients are often given immunosuppressants to temporarily suppress their immune system.

What is erythroblastosis fetalis, and how does it occur?

Erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition that occurs when a pregnant woman with Rh-negative blood carries a fetus with Rh-positive blood, typically resulting in complications in subsequent pregnancies due to the immune system attacking the fetus's red blood cells.