🫁 INTRODUÇÃO À FISIOLOGIA DO SISTEMA RESPIRATÓRIO | MK Fisiologia

Summary

In this video, Miriam Curaucci introduces the physiology of the respiratory system, explaining its key functions like gas exchange, pH regulation, voice production, and protection against toxins. She details the pathway of air through the respiratory system, from the nasal cavity to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. The video also covers the circulatory process of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Miriam promises to delve deeper into topics such as ventilation, gas exchange, and the transport of gases in upcoming videos, inviting viewers to subscribe for more insights.

Takeaways

• 😀 The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange, bringing oxygen into the blood and removing carbon dioxide from it.
• 😀 The respiratory system also helps regulate blood pH, produce speech, and protect the body from toxins and microorganisms.
• 😀 Air enters the respiratory system through the nasal or oral cavity, passes through the pharynx and larynx, and continues to the lower airways.
• 😀 The first 16 generations of the tracheobronchial tree are involved in air conduction, with no gas exchange occurring in these parts.
• 😀 From the 17th to the 19th generation, respiratory bronchioles begin to form, marking the transition to the gas exchange zone.
• 😀 The alveoli, found in the 20th generation, are where the majority of gas exchange occurs between the air and blood.
• 😀 The alveoli are surrounded by elastic fibers that give the lungs their elasticity and are densely packed with capillaries for gas exchange.
• 😀 In gas exchange, oxygen from the air enters the blood, while carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the air.
• 😀 Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
• 😀 The cycle of blood circulation involves oxygen being delivered to tissues and carbon dioxide being picked up, with deoxygenated blood returning to the lungs.
• 😀 This entire process, which includes external respiration and circulation, contrasts with internal respiration (cellular respiration), which occurs in the mitochondria to produce energy.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

The primary function of the respiratory system is to allow the exchange of gases between the external environment (the atmosphere) and the blood. This includes bringing oxygen (O2) into the blood and removing carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by cellular metabolism.

What are some other important functions of the respiratory system aside from gas exchange?

Aside from gas exchange, the respiratory system also regulates the pH of bodily fluids, participates in speech production (phonation), and protects the body from toxic substances and microorganisms.

How does air travel through the respiratory system?

Air enters the upper respiratory tract through the nasal cavity or oral cavity, then passes through the pharynx and enters the larynx. From there, it travels to the lower respiratory tract, starting with the trachea, which branches into smaller tubes forming the bronchial tree.

What is the difference between the conducting zone and the respiratory zone in the bronchial tree?

The conducting zone consists of the first 16 generations of the bronchial tree, where no gas exchange occurs. It includes structures like the trachea and bronchi. The respiratory zone, starting at the 17th generation with respiratory bronchioles, is where gas exchange occurs, involving structures such as alveoli.

What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?

Alveoli are small, grape-like structures where gas exchange occurs. They are surrounded by elastic fibers and capillaries, and this is where oxygen from the atmosphere diffuses into the blood, while carbon dioxide from the blood is expelled into the atmosphere.

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide travel between the alveoli and blood?

In the alveoli, oxygen from the atmospheric air moves into the blood, while carbon dioxide from the venous blood moves into the alveoli to be expelled during exhalation. This gas exchange occurs across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

What happens to blood after it is oxygenated in the lungs?

Once the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it becomes arterial blood, which is rich in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide. This oxygenated blood is then transported through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium of the heart, which pumps it into systemic circulation.

What is the difference between external respiration and internal respiration?

External respiration refers to the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood, whereas internal respiration, or cellular respiration, occurs within the cells of the body where oxygen is used to produce energy (ATP), and carbon dioxide is a byproduct.

How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mainly in three forms: as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), bound to hemoglobin, and dissolved directly in plasma. It is carried back to the lungs via venous blood for expulsion.

What is ventilation in the context of the respiratory system?

Ventilation refers to the process of air being inhaled and exhaled from the respiratory system. This involves the movement of air through the airways during inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation).