Fundamentos de enfermería - instrumentación quirúrgica 03

Summary

This video script covers key surgical procedures and protocols essential for ensuring patient safety and maintaining sterile conditions during operations. It discusses the handling of sterile instruments, fields, and equipment, emphasizing the importance of integrity checks to prevent contamination. It also provides detailed guidance on positioning patients for surgery, ensuring proper safety measures during transfers, and the roles of surgical team members in maintaining aseptic techniques. The script emphasizes the importance of minimal movement and careful handling of sterile materials to reduce contamination risks throughout the surgical process.

Takeaways

• 😀 The sterility of an item is only guaranteed after it has been processed with proven sterilization methods.
• 😀 Once a sterile item is delivered, its packaging must be inspected for integrity and chemical indicators before use.
• 😀 Any breach in the sterile barrier, such as touching a sterile item with a non-sterile surface, results in contamination.
• 😀 Sterile fields must be maintained by ensuring that all surfaces in contact with sterile items remain sterile.
• 😀 Liquids in sterile bottles can be poured into sterile containers if the bottle's lip is protected by a sealed, sterile cap.
• 😀 During surgery, the sterile field should be protected from contamination caused by environmental factors such as humidity and dust.
• 😀 The sterile team should avoid unnecessary movement, and the operating room doors must remain closed to prevent contamination.
• 😀 All sterile items should be handled carefully, and unpackaged items should never be allowed to touch the sterile surface directly unless handed by a sterile person.
• 😀 Surgical positioning is critical for optimal access to the surgical site and requires the coordination of the anesthesiologist, surgeon, and circulating nurse.
• 😀 Patient transfer during surgery, whether from a stretcher to the operating table or vice versa, must be done with care to prevent injury or accidents.
• 😀 The surgical field should be disturbed as little as possible to avoid the release of particles or fibers that could lead to contamination.

Q & A

What is the importance of maintaining sterile fields during surgery?

Sterile fields are crucial during surgery to prevent contamination and ensure patient safety. Surfaces considered sterile must only come into contact with other sterile surfaces. Any contact with non-sterile surfaces or materials compromises the sterility, potentially leading to infection.

Why should surgical instruments be counted during a procedure?

Surgical instruments are counted before and after a procedure to ensure that no instruments are left inside the patient's body. This is a critical step to avoid complications such as infections or internal injuries.

What factors can compromise the sterility of materials in a surgical setting?

Several factors can compromise sterility, including tears or holes in packaging, moisture, or failures in the sterilization process. It is essential to inspect materials for these signs before use.

How should sterile liquids be handled during surgery?

Sterile liquids in sealed bottles should be poured into sterile containers without contaminating the rim or external surfaces of the bottle. Once opened, the liquid should be used promptly and without interruption to avoid contamination.

What is the role of surgical drapes and barriers in maintaining sterility?

Surgical drapes and barriers are used to separate sterile and non-sterile surfaces, creating a controlled environment that prevents contamination. These barriers should be chosen based on their resistance to moisture, their durability, and their ability to maintain sterility throughout the procedure.

How should the surgical team move to maintain sterility?

Members of the sterile team should avoid moving too far from the sterile field. They should pass each other in front or back-to-back to maintain sterile conditions, and never turn their back on the sterile field.

What precautions should be taken when transferring a patient to the operating table?

When transferring a patient to the operating table, ensure the table and transport equipment are securely locked, and always communicate the process with the patient. At least four people should be involved to ensure the patient is transferred safely and without injury.

Why is it important to avoid shaking sterile drapes?

Shaking sterile drapes can release dust and particles into the air, which could contaminate the sterile field. Drapes should be unfolded gently to prevent such risks.

What is the correct procedure for handling contaminated items during surgery?

Contaminated items, such as gloves or used instruments, should be disposed of properly, and any items suspected of being contaminated should be considered as such and not used. The sterile field must be carefully maintained at all times.

What is the purpose of using sterile covers for surgical equipment?

Sterile covers protect surgical instruments and equipment from contamination until they are needed for the procedure. These covers help maintain the sterility of the instruments and prevent bacteria or other pathogens from coming into contact with them.