हिंदी पत्रकारिता का इतिहास | History of Hindi Journalism |

Wikipedia Explorers

26 Nov 201606:59

Summary

TLDRThe video script narrates the history of journalism in India, focusing on the inception of Hindi journalism. It highlights the story of James Augustus Hicky, an English merchant who pioneered journalism in India by publishing the 'Bengal Gazette' in 1780, exposing British corruption. The script also discusses the challenges faced by early journalists and the growth of Hindi newspapers, including the 'Udant Martand' by Pandit Yugal Kishore Shukla in 1826. It concludes by reflecting on the progress of Hindi journalism and its significant role in the evolution of Indian society, encouraging further growth and contribution to the nation's progress.

Takeaways

📰 The script discusses the beginning of journalism in India, with a special focus on the development of Hindi journalism.
🕵️‍♂️ James Augustus Hickey, an English merchant, is credited with using journalism as a means to oppose the British East India Company's corrupt practices in 1780 by starting the 'Bengal Gazette'.
🔥 Hickey was known for his tenacity and unwillingness to compromise, which led to conflicts with the British authorities and the eventual suppression of his newspaper.
👥 The script mentions that Hickey's life took a turn when he was imprisoned, which led to his interest in journalism and his determination to continue it after his release.
🗞️ After his release, Hickey started a press in Calcutta and continued to oppose corrupt British officials, facing legal threats and imprisonment.
📖 The script highlights the role of Pandit Yugal Kishore Shukla from Kanpur, who started the first weekly newspaper in Hindi on May 30, 1826, in Kolkata.
🌞 The newspaper 'Udant Martand', meaning 'Rising Sun', was used as a weapon against the British government and was known for its news and advertisements.
📚 The script notes the significant role of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in starting the publication of 'Bangadoot' in Hindi, which was published for nearly 100 years.
📈 The Hindi journalism landscape has seen considerable growth from the 1930s to the present, with a proliferation of regional language newspapers and magazines.
📺 The number of Hindi TV channels has been increasing, with more than 500 local and national channels providing services, and a surge in Hindi blogs and websites in cyber media.
💰 Hindi media is estimated to contribute between 75 to 80 percent of the revenue in the media market, indicating the language's commercial importance.
🚀 The script concludes by emphasizing the need for Hindi journalism to continue its progress and contribute significantly to the development of the country and society.

Q & A

Who was James Augustus Hickey and what was his contribution to Indian journalism?
-James Augustus Hickey was an English trader who started the first newspaper in India, the Bengal Gazette, in 1780. His paper exposed the corrupt activities of the British East India Company.
What was the significance of the Bengal Gazette in Indian journalism?
-The Bengal Gazette was significant because it was the first newspaper in India and it played a key role in exposing the corruption and misdeeds of British officials, marking the beginning of journalism in India.
How did Hickey's personal experiences influence his journalistic endeavors?
-Hickey faced financial difficulties and was imprisoned for debt. In jail, he befriended the jailer and immersed himself in books, which inspired him to start the Bengal Gazette and use it to challenge British authorities.
What challenges did Hickey face while publishing the Bengal Gazette?
-Hickey faced opposition and legal threats from British officials, including lawsuits and imprisonment, due to his outspoken criticism and exposés of their corruption.
Who was Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla and what was his role in Hindi journalism?
-Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla was the founder of the first Hindi newspaper, Udant Martand, which he started in 1826. He used the newspaper to criticize the British government and corruption.
What does 'Udant Martand' mean and why was it significant?
-'Udant Martand' means 'Rising Sun.' It was significant because it was the first Hindi newspaper, marking the beginning of Hindi journalism in India.
What role did Raja Ram Mohan Roy play in the development of Hindi journalism?
-Raja Ram Mohan Roy started the Hindi newspaper Bangdoot in 1829, which played a significant role in the spread of Hindi journalism and continued to be published for nearly a century.
How has Hindi journalism evolved from its inception to the present day?
-Hindi journalism has grown significantly since its inception, with a substantial increase in the number of Hindi newspapers and TV channels. It now boasts a large number of websites and blogs, contributing greatly to media diversity in India.
What challenges does Hindi journalism face today?
-Despite its growth, Hindi journalism faces challenges such as the need for expert writing, issues with translation, and maintaining quality amidst a rapidly expanding media landscape.
Why is May 30th celebrated as Journalism Day in the context of Hindi journalism?
-May 30th is celebrated as Journalism Day because it marks the publication of the first Hindi newspaper, Udant Martand, by Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla in 1826.

Outlines

00:00

📜 The Beginnings of Journalism in India

Dr. Subodh Agnihotri introduces the topic of the origin of journalism in India, particularly focusing on the advent of Hindi journalism. He recounts the tale of James Augustus Hicky, who, in 1780, started the Bengal Gazette to expose the wrongdoings of the British East India Company. Hicky's persistent and uncompromising nature led to multiple confrontations with British authorities, ultimately resulting in his imprisonment. However, his efforts set a precedent for journalism in India, leading to the emergence of Hindi journalism with Pandit Yugal Kishore Shukla's weekly newspaper, Udant Martand, in 1826. Despite various challenges, Hicky and Shukla's pioneering work laid the foundation for a burgeoning Hindi press that began to challenge British corruption and advocate for social reforms.

05:01

🌐 The Evolution and Impact of Hindi Media

The second paragraph delves into the growth and influence of Hindi journalism and media. It highlights the vast expansion of Hindi newspapers, magazines, and TV channels, noting the significant role of digital media with around 7 lakh Hindi websites. The narrative touches on the economic impact, with Hindi media contributing 75-80% of the market revenue. Despite some challenges in translation and specialized writing, Hindi journalism has made remarkable strides over the past two decades. The paragraph concludes by questioning why Indian journalism is often segmented by language and calls for unity in celebrating Hindi Journalism Day on May 30th, the date of the first Hindi newspaper's publication. The author encourages embracing this progress to contribute meaningfully to society and the nation's development.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡James Augustus Hicky

James Augustus Hicky was a pioneering journalist who founded the first newspaper in India, the Bengal Gazette, in 1780. His efforts exposed the corrupt practices of the British East India Company officials, making him a significant figure in Indian journalism history. Hicky's tenacity and commitment to uncovering the truth are highlighted as foundational to the spirit of Indian journalism.

💡Bengal Gazette

The Bengal Gazette, also known as the Calcutta General Advertiser, was the first newspaper in India, established by James Augustus Hicky in 1780. It played a crucial role in exposing the corruption and malpractices of British officials in India. The paper's bold and uncompromising stance set a precedent for future journalism in the country.

💡Pandit Yugal Kishore Shukla

Pandit Yugal Kishore Shukla was the founder of the first Hindi newspaper, Udant Martand, in 1826. His work marked the beginning of Hindi journalism and was instrumental in using the press as a tool for fighting against British colonial rule. Shukla's dedication to journalism helped lay the foundation for the Hindi press in India.

💡Udant Martand

Udant Martand, meaning 'The Rising Sun,' was the first Hindi-language newspaper in India, founded by Pandit Yugal Kishore Shukla in 1826. It was significant for its role in raising awareness and mobilizing public opinion against British colonial practices. The newspaper is a symbol of the early struggle for press freedom in India.

💡Warren Hastings

Warren Hastings was the Governor-General of Bengal during the time James Augustus Hicky published the Bengal Gazette. Hicky's newspaper frequently criticized Hastings and his administration, which led to numerous legal battles and ultimately Hicky's imprisonment. Hastings represents the oppressive British authority that early Indian journalists like Hicky and Shukla sought to challenge.

💡Journalistic Resistance

Journalistic resistance refers to the defiance and courage shown by early journalists like James Augustus Hicky and Pandit Yugal Kishore Shukla in exposing the corruption and injustice perpetrated by British colonial officials. Their unwavering commitment to truth and justice, despite facing severe repercussions, laid the groundwork for the Indian press's role in societal reform.

💡Press Freedom

Press freedom is the principle of allowing journalists to operate without undue interference or censorship, which was fiercely defended by pioneers like James Augustus Hicky. Hicky's efforts to publish despite threats and legal challenges underscore the importance of a free press in holding authorities accountable and informing the public.

💡East India Company

The East India Company was a British trading company that effectively ruled large parts of India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The company's corrupt practices and exploitation were often the target of early journalistic efforts, such as those by James Augustus Hicky in the Bengal Gazette. Critiquing the company was a dangerous but crucial task for early Indian journalists.

💡Colonial Censorship

Colonial censorship refers to the efforts by British colonial authorities to suppress dissenting voices and control the narrative through stringent controls on the press. Figures like James Augustus Hicky faced significant legal and physical threats as a result of their opposition to colonial policies. This censorship was a major obstacle for the growth of an independent press in India.

💡Hindi Journalism

Hindi journalism began with the establishment of Udant Martand by Pandit Yugal Kishore Shukla in 1826. It marked a significant development in making information accessible to the Hindi-speaking population of India and played a crucial role in the social and political awakening during the colonial period. Hindi journalism has since grown significantly, with numerous publications and media channels contributing to the public discourse.

Highlights

Introduction to Dr. Subodh Agnihotri and his role at Vardhman Mahavir Open University, Kota.

Overview of the beginning of journalism in India, especially Hindi journalism.

In 1780, an English trader named James Augustus Hicky used journalism to expose the misdeeds of the East India Company.

James Augustus Hicky's publication of the Bengal Gazette, which highlighted British corruption.

Hicky's resistance to pressure from British officials and his determination to continue journalism despite threats.

Hicky's personal challenges, including imprisonment and financial losses, which led him to journalism.

Impact of Hicky's Bengal Gazette on Indian journalism and its legacy.

The emergence of Hindi journalism with the launch of 'Udant Martand' by Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla on May 30, 1826.

Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla's efforts to use 'Udant Martand' as a tool against British corruption.

The closure of 'Udant Martand' in December 1827 and the subsequent launch of 'Bangadoot' by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

The growth and influence of Hindi journalism from 1827 to 1930, including its role in opposing British rule.

The expansion of Hindi newspapers and magazines, contributing to the development of regional journalism.

The modern landscape of Hindi journalism, with over 1 lakh newspapers and 500+ national and local Hindi TV channels.

The rise of Hindi cyber media, including blogs and websites, contributing to a significant portion of media revenue.

The challenges and opportunities in Hindi journalism, emphasizing its potential for growth and impact on society.

The importance of Hindi Journalism Day on May 30th, celebrating the launch of the first Hindi newspaper.

Encouragement for continued development and innovation in Hindi journalism to contribute to national progress.