Pengaruh Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia #1 - Ada Gambar Perahu di BOROBUDUR 😵 - Nenek Moyangku Pelaut??

Summary

This video script explores Indonesia's rich maritime history, showcasing the significance of ancient seafaring and trade. The speaker discusses the impressive Candi Borobudur and its depictions of early Indonesian maritime activities. The script highlights Indonesia's historical expertise in shipbuilding, trade, and navigation, with a focus on ancient technologies like the use of stars for direction and the development of advanced ships such as the Jong. Additionally, the speaker touches on Indonesia's strategic role in global trade, especially with India and China, and emphasizes the nation's maritime heritage and its importance in modern times.

Takeaways

• 😀 The ancient Candi Borobudur, known for its majestic and grand appearance, showcases reliefs depicting maritime culture, proving that early Indonesians had advanced knowledge of navigation and seafaring.
• 😀 The song 'Nenek Moyangku Seorang Pelaut' highlights the historical significance of Indonesia's ancestors being skilled sailors, a tradition that dates back to the prehistoric period.
• 😀 The Austronesian and Melanesian peoples, who arrived in Indonesia, were already proficient in maritime travel, indicating early mastery of the seas.
• 😀 During the Hindu-Buddha period, Indonesians further advanced their maritime capabilities, evidenced by the establishment of powerful maritime kingdoms like Srivijaya.
• 😀 Srivijaya, known for its strategic location and maritime prowess, famously sailed to China with a fleet of 200 ships, underlining Indonesia's historical maritime power.
• 😀 The 'Jong' ship, a large traditional Indonesian vessel, was renowned for its size and capacity, sometimes comparable to Western ships like the Galleon.
• 😀 Indonesian ships like the 'Jong' were capable of carrying hundreds of people, reflecting the complexity and importance of maritime trade and travel in Indonesia.
• 😀 Indigenous Indonesian boats, such as the 'Perahu Letung' and 'Perahu Bercadik,' are designed with specific features like balancing aids (cadik) for stability, showing the diversity in maritime technologies.
• 😀 Indonesian sailors utilized wind patterns like the 'Angin Laut' (sea winds) and 'Angin Darat' (land winds) for navigation, which remain integral to local maritime traditions.
• 😀 The use of the compass, introduced later in history, significantly enhanced the accuracy of Indonesian navigation, allowing for more precise seafaring across vast distances.
• 😀 Indonesia's rich natural resources, such as cloves and gaharu wood, were highly sought after in ancient trade relations with India and China, making the region a central hub of global commerce.

Q & A

What is the significance of Borobudur in Indonesian maritime history?

Borobudur is not only a cultural and architectural marvel but also a symbol of Indonesia's historical maritime knowledge. The reliefs on the lower sections of the temple depict sailing ships, indicating that ancient Indonesians were proficient in maritime activities, including navigation and trade.

How does the song 'Nenek Moyangku Seorang Pelaut' reflect Indonesia's maritime history?

'Nenek Moyangku Seorang Pelaut' (My Ancestors Were Sailors) reflects the long-standing maritime culture of Indonesia. The song highlights the nation's deep historical connection to sailing, illustrating that even in prehistory, Indonesians were skilled in navigation and had a rich maritime heritage.

What evidence suggests that Indonesians were skilled in sailing and maritime trade in ancient times?

Evidence from various historical sources, such as reliefs on Borobudur, ancient texts, and artifacts, shows that Indonesians were skilled sailors. The Kingdom of Srivijaya, for example, is documented to have sent large fleets of ships to China, indicating advanced maritime capabilities.

How did the geography of Indonesia contribute to its development as a maritime nation?

Indonesia's archipelagic geography, consisting of many islands, naturally made maritime activities crucial for communication, trade, and unity. The seas connected these islands and were vital for economic growth, with Indonesia utilizing its maritime routes for international trade.

What role did the Djuanda Declaration play in defining Indonesia's maritime boundaries?

The Djuanda Declaration in 1957 established the concept that Indonesia's national boundaries included not just the land but also the surrounding seas. This declaration cemented Indonesia's position as a maritime nation, recognizing the significance of its waters for sovereignty and economic activities.

What technological advancements in shipbuilding did ancient Indonesians possess?

Ancient Indonesians developed advanced shipbuilding technologies, including the creation of large ships like the *Jong*, capable of carrying hundreds of tons. The existence of shipbuilding professions such as 'undagi lancang' (shipbuilders) is evidenced by inscriptions from the 9th century.

How did the wind patterns influence maritime navigation in Indonesia?

Indonesian sailors utilized the monsoon winds for navigation. The winds blow in different directions depending on the season, with the southwest monsoon (from June to September) blowing from the Indian Ocean to the Indonesian archipelago, and the northeast monsoon (from November to March) blowing in the opposite direction.

What is the role of the *Pinisi* in modern Indonesian maritime culture?

The *Pinisi* is a traditional Indonesian ship, an evolution of earlier maritime technologies. It remains an iconic symbol of Indonesian craftsmanship and is used in various parts of the country for both commercial and cultural purposes, highlighting Indonesia's enduring maritime heritage.

What were the main commodities traded between Indonesia and other countries like India and China?

Indonesia's main exports included spices like cloves and nutmeg, as well as valuable goods like sandalwood, gaharu (agarwood), and camphor. These goods were highly sought after in India and China, facilitating a strong trade relationship between the regions.

What historical evidence supports the idea that Indonesia was a key player in ancient global trade?

Historical records, such as Chinese documents and Indian texts, confirm that Indonesian kingdoms like Srivijaya were active in global trade. For instance, Srivijaya is known to have sent large fleets to China and to have traded valuable goods such as spices, gold, and timber.