Traktor & Kapasitas Kerja (Kuliah Mekanisasi Pertanian)

Summary

This lecture on agricultural mechanization focuses on tractors and their working capacity. It covers various types of tractors based on usage and power sources, including general-purpose, industrial, plantation, and garden tractors. The discussion also explores different tractor drive types, such as crawler and rubber-tired, and their specific applications. Additionally, the lecture explains the factors affecting work capacity in land cultivation, such as tractor condition, land type, and operator skill. A detailed analysis of work performance, including calculations of tractor working capacity, is also provided, giving insights into optimizing agricultural machinery for effective soil processing.

Takeaways

• 😀 Tractors are classified into two categories: based on their usage and the type of drive system they employ.
• 😀 A general-purpose tractor is designed for various tasks, featuring a relatively low axle position and versatile power.
• 😀 Special-purpose tractors are tailored for specific tasks, often requiring additional attachments or modifications for specialized use.
• 😀 Industrial tractors are designed for industrial tasks such as construction, with robust features like similar-sized front and rear wheels.
• 😀 Plantation tractors are ideal for use in large plantations, often equipped with features like air conditioning and specific implements for large-scale farming.
• 😀 Garden tractors are smaller and used for lighter tasks, with power typically less than 12.5 horsepower.
• 😀 Tractors with crawler tracks have lower ground pressure, making them suitable for soft or marshy land, with various types suited for different soil conditions.
• 😀 Rubber-tired tractors come in configurations like single axle and double axle, with variations like tricycles or four-wheel tractors.
• 😀 The capacity of a tractor to perform work is measured in terms of work output per unit of time, typically in hectares, kilograms, or liters per hour.
• 😀 Factors affecting the working capacity of tractors include soil condition, vegetation, terrain, tractor condition, operator skill, and the specific task at hand.

Q & A

What are the two primary classifications of tractors?

Tractors are classified into two main categories: based on their usage and based on the type of driving force. The types of driving force include crawler tractors and rubber-tired tractors.

What is a general-purpose tractor?

A general-purpose tractor is designed for a wide range of tasks. It is capable of handling various implements and is typically more powerful, with a lower axle height for easy attachment of equipment.

What is the role of special-purpose tractors?

Special-purpose tractors are designed for specific tasks, typically in industries or specialized applications, and they can be customized with additional attachments for unique needs.

What distinguishes plantation tractors from other types?

Plantation tractors are designed for use in large agricultural fields with multiple crops. They may include features like air conditioning for comfort, especially in hot climates, and are designed for ease of use on large plots of land.

What is the difference between industrial tractors and other types?

Industrial tractors are specifically built for industrial applications or construction projects. They typically have similar-sized front and rear wheels and offer higher pulling capacity, useful for heavy-duty tasks.

What are crawler tractors, and why are they used?

Crawler tractors are equipped with metal tracks instead of wheels, reducing pressure on the ground. This makes them ideal for soft or marshy terrains, as they are less likely to sink or cause damage to the ground.

What is the importance of tire types in tractors?

Tire types on tractors play a crucial role in their efficiency and the surface they can work on. For example, crawler tractors work well on soft or uneven terrain, while rubber-tired tractors are used on firmer ground.

What is the function of the differential lock in tractors?

The differential lock in a tractor helps to prevent slippage of the wheels by locking the axle, ensuring better traction when working on difficult or uneven terrain.

How does the power take-off (PTO) system function in tractors?

The power take-off (PTO) system is used to transfer mechanical power from the tractor's engine to other agricultural implements. This system helps in operating attachments like mowers, plows, and other equipment.

What factors affect the work capacity of a tractor during soil cultivation?

Several factors affect the tractor's capacity to work, including the condition of the soil, terrain type, vegetation, tractor condition, operator skill, and the efficiency of the implements used.