Atatürk Dönemi Türk Dış Politikası II

Summary

This transcript outlines Turkey's strategic foreign policy during the pre-World War II period. It highlights Turkey's efforts to secure its borders through key international agreements, including the Kellogg-Briand Pact, the Balkan Pact, the Mediterranean Pact, and the Montreux Convention. The narrative also covers Turkey's diplomatic maneuvers to maintain security amidst the growing threats of fascism and expansionist policies, notably from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Key moments include Turkey's involvement in the League of Nations, its relationships with neighboring countries, and the resolution of the Hatay issue, culminating in Turkey's acquisition of Hatay in 1939.

Takeaways

• 😀 Turkey followed a strategy of securing its borders and ensuring its safety before World War II.
• 😀 The Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) was an important step in Turkey's international policy, where it supported efforts to prevent war.
• 😀 Turkey officially joined the League of Nations in 1932 after resolving many of its national issues.
• 😀 The Balkan Pact (1934) was signed between Turkey, Greece, Yugoslavia, and Romania, aiming to secure the Balkans against external threats like Nazi Germany and Italy.
• 😀 The Mediterranean Pact (1936) was signed by Turkey and its allies to counter Italy’s growing influence in the Mediterranean region.
• 😀 The Montreux Convention (1936) gave Turkey full sovereignty over the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, allowing military presence and control over these strategic straits.
• 😀 The Sadabad Pact (1937) was signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan to foster regional stability and non-interference.
• 😀 In 1939, the Hatay issue was resolved, with a plebiscite that led to the integration of Hatay into Turkey.
• 😀 The Hatay region had been under French mandate, but through negotiations and a referendum, it became part of Turkey in 1939.
• 😀 Turkey's diplomatic efforts throughout the 1930s, including various pacts and agreements, focused on securing regional peace and protecting its national interests.

Q & A

What was the main focus of Turkey's foreign policy in the 1930s?

Turkey's foreign policy in the 1930s was focused on safeguarding its borders and ensuring national security, particularly in the face of rising threats from World War II. It pursued a policy of neutrality and diplomacy, seeking peace agreements and alliances to protect itself.

What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact, and how was Turkey involved?

The Kellogg-Briand Pact, signed in 1928, was an international agreement in which signatory countries promised not to use war as a means of resolving disputes. Turkey became a supporter of this pact and formally joined it in 1929, signaling its commitment to peace and disarmament.

What role did Turkey play in the establishment of the League of Nations?

Turkey initially could not join the League of Nations due to the ongoing War of Independence. However, in the 1930s, after resolving its national issues, Turkey became a member of the League in 1932, aiming to contribute to global peace and security.

What was the Balkan Pact of 1934, and why was it significant for Turkey?

The Balkan Pact, signed in 1934, was a security agreement between Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Greece. It was significant for Turkey as it provided a framework for regional cooperation and mutual defense, aimed at countering the growing fascist threat in Europe.

What was the purpose of the Mediterranean Pact of 1936, and how did it affect Turkey?

The Mediterranean Pact, signed in 1936, was a defensive agreement between Turkey, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Italy, with the UK offering guarantees of support. It aimed to protect the Mediterranean region from Italian expansionism and was a key diplomatic victory for Turkey, strengthening its security in the region.

What changes did the Montreux Convention of 1936 bring to Turkey's control over the Bosphorus?

The Montreux Convention of 1936 granted Turkey full sovereignty over the Bosphorus Straits, reversing previous limitations on its control. This agreement allowed Turkey to station military forces in both the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, marking a significant diplomatic triumph.

How did the Sadabad Pact of 1937 contribute to Turkey's regional influence?

The Sadabad Pact of 1937 was a non-aggression treaty signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan. It was aimed at maintaining regional peace and preventing outside interference, further establishing Turkey's diplomatic role in the Middle East and strengthening its alliances with neighboring countries.

What was the significance of Turkey's involvement in the 1939 Hatay issue?

The Hatay issue was crucial for Turkey as it sought to annex the Hatay region, which had been under French mandate control. The issue was resolved through a plebiscite in 1939, and Hatay officially became part of Turkey, marking a significant victory in its territorial integrity.

How did the rise of fascist powers in the 1930s impact Turkey's foreign policy?

The rise of fascist powers like Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the 1930s had a direct impact on Turkey's foreign policy. Turkey sought to build alliances with neighboring countries and secure its borders through pacts such as the Balkan Pact and Mediterranean Pact to counter these growing threats.

What was the role of Turkey in the League of Nations' response to the Spanish Civil War?

During the Spanish Civil War, Turkey maintained a stance of neutrality while focusing on regional security. As part of its diplomatic efforts, Turkey sought to align with international organizations such as the League of Nations to ensure peace in Europe.