Writing: Transitions – THEREFORE, THUS, CONSEQUENTLY

Summary

In this lesson, Adam from www.engvid.com explains the use of various transitional words and phrases that show logical connections in writing. He covers terms such as 'therefore', 'thus', 'consequently', 'so', 'then', 'hence', and the expression 'as a result'. Adam explains their subtle differences and provides examples to help learners use these transitions effectively in essays. He also discusses when to use certain transitions depending on the context, emphasizing the importance of variety and precision in writing. The lesson concludes with advice on avoiding overuse of formal terms and using transitions correctly for clarity.

Takeaways

• 😀 Transitions are words that connect ideas, especially logical conclusions or consequences in writing.
• 😀 Common transitions include 'therefore', 'thus', 'consequently', 'so', 'then', 'hence', and 'as a result'.
• 😀 'Therefore' is best used to indicate a conclusion derived from a premise, especially in formal or academic writing.
• 😀 'Thus' refers to a result of a prior argument or situation, often used in more formal contexts.
• 😀 'Consequently' is used to show a consequence, and can be a more formal alternative to 'so'.
• 😀 'So' is informal and commonly used in casual speech or writing to indicate a consequence, but can be used in formal essays to avoid repetition.
• 😀 'Then' indicates a consequence rather than a sequence, e.g., 'This happened. Then, I did that.'
• 😀 'Hence' is old-fashioned and rarely used correctly; avoid using it in most modern contexts unless necessary.
• 😀 'As a result' is a more formal way of indicating a consequence, but may feel too stiff for casual use.
• 😀 You can mix multiple transitions in one sentence for variety, such as 'so' and 'consequently', to convey a logical flow.
• 😀 'Then' is also used in casual spoken English to indicate a solution or consequence, e.g., 'It's too difficult. Then practice more.'

Q & A

What is the main topic of the lesson?

The main topic of the lesson is about using transition words, specifically 'therefore', 'thus', 'consequently', 'so', 'then', 'hence', and the expression 'as a result' in writing, particularly in essays.

What is the function of a transition in writing?

A transition in writing functions as a bridge that connects two ideas, typically linking a situation or premise with a logical conclusion or consequence.

What is the difference between 'result' and 'consequence'?

'Result' refers to the outcome or effect of the previous action or argument, while 'consequence' refers to something that will happen as a direct outcome of the previous action or situation.

How is 'therefore' used in writing?

'Therefore' is used to introduce a conclusion that follows logically from a premise. It is often used in more formal or academic contexts, particularly when presenting a logical deduction.

Why does the speaker not recommend using 'hence'?

The speaker finds 'hence' old-fashioned and somewhat snobby. Additionally, many people use it incorrectly, so it is not a commonly recommended transition word.

When is it appropriate to use 'so' as a transition?

'So' is typically used in more casual or informal contexts to indicate a consequence. It's acceptable in writing, but not in overly formal or academic contexts, where other transitions like 'therefore' may be preferred.

What is the distinction between 'thus' and 'therefore'?

'Thus' indicates a result and is often used in a slightly more formal or direct manner, while 'therefore' is linked to logical reasoning or conclusions, making it suitable for more structured arguments.

Can more than one transition word be used in a single sentence?

Yes, more than one transition word can be used in a sentence or across multiple sentences to connect ideas. For example, 'The job was too demanding, so many people quit. Consequently, the company hired new employees.'

What are the guidelines for using commas with transition words?

Commas are used with transition words like 'therefore' and 'consequently' when they are placed in the middle of a sentence to adjust the pace and emphasis. However, no commas are necessary when these words appear at the beginning of a sentence.

What does the speaker suggest about using 'so' in formal writing?

In formal writing, 'so' should be used sparingly, especially if more formal transition words like 'therefore' and 'thus' have already been overused. It is fine to use 'so' as long as it fits the context and doesn't make the writing too casual.