TERAPIAS COMPORTAMENTAIS DE PRIMEIRA, SEGUNDA E TERCEIRA ONDAS - PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA PARA CONCURSOS

Summary

This video lesson covers the evolution of behavioral therapies through three major waves. The first wave, led by pioneers like Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner, focused on observable behavior through classical and operant conditioning. The second wave, introduced by Bandura, incorporates cognition and emphasizes the role of mental processes in shaping behavior, leading to the development of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The third wave, emerging in the 1990s, combines cognitive and behavioral approaches, highlighting therapies like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy. This summary explores the key figures, theories, and shifts in the behavioral therapy field.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first wave of behavioral therapy is based on the works of Pavlov, who introduced classical conditioning, demonstrating that behaviors can be induced through stimuli.
• 😀 Watson, influenced by Pavlov, founded behaviorism and emphasized the importance of studying observable behaviors, avoiding any internal mental states.
• 😀 Thorndike expanded on Watson's work and introduced operant conditioning, focusing on how behaviors are strengthened or weakened by their consequences, laying the foundation for Skinner's work.
• 😀 Skinner, a key figure in the first wave, further developed operant conditioning and spread its principles worldwide in the 1950s and 60s.
• 😀 The first wave of behavioral therapy was mechanistic, focusing strictly on observable behavior and disregarding the therapeutic relationship or mental phenomena like those in psychoanalysis.
• 😀 The second wave, starting in the 1960s, introduced cognitive elements to behavioral therapy, with Bandura emphasizing the role of cognition in behavior, introducing social learning theory.
• 😀 Bandura acknowledged the importance of both observable behavior and mental processes, arguing that cognition also influences actions, an idea that was a significant departure from Watson's purely behaviorist approach.
• 😀 Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis further advanced the second wave by incorporating cognitive therapy, which focuses on changing dysfunctional thoughts that lead to dysfunctional behaviors.
• 😀 The second wave brought the combination of cognitive and behavioral techniques, giving rise to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which considers both behavior and cognition in treatment.
• 😀 The third wave of behavioral therapy emerged in the 1990s, introducing therapies like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness, integrating more holistic approaches to behavior and mental well-being.

Q & A

What is the key focus of the first wave of behavioral therapies?

The first wave of behavioral therapies, influenced by Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner, focused entirely on observable behavior and the scientific analysis of behavior, excluding internal mental states. The key methods were classical and operant conditioning.

How did Pavlov contribute to the development of behavioral therapy?

Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, introduced classical conditioning, showing that behaviors could be conditioned through the association of stimuli. His work laid the foundation for the study of behavior in a controlled, experimental manner.

What was Watson's role in the development of behaviorism?

Watson is considered the founder of behaviorism, emphasizing that psychology should focus only on observable behaviors and exclude mental states or processes. His work extended Pavlov's findings to human behavior.

What did Thorndike contribute to the field of behaviorism?

Thorndike introduced the concept of reinforcement and punishment as key mechanisms in behavior change, which laid the groundwork for Skinner's later development of operant conditioning. He emphasized the importance of consequences in shaping behavior.

How did Skinner build upon the work of Watson and Thorndike?

Skinner expanded on the ideas of Watson and Thorndike, developing operant conditioning. He emphasized that behavior is shaped by its consequences (reinforcements or punishments) and focused on how behavior could be modified in a controlled setting.

What was the main criticism of behaviorism in the first wave, especially in therapy?

The main criticism was the lack of focus on the therapeutic relationship. Behaviorism emphasized observable behavior and scientific analysis but did not address the importance of the relationship between the therapist and the client, unlike other therapeutic approaches like psychoanalysis.

What shift occurred in the second wave of behavioral therapies?

The second wave, especially influenced by Bandura, incorporated cognitive elements into behavioral therapy. Bandura argued that mental processes (such as thinking) play a significant role in how behaviors are learned and modified, challenging the purely mechanistic view of behaviorism.

How did Albert Bandura's theories change the focus of behavioral therapy?

Bandura introduced the concept of cognitive processes in behavior modification. He developed social learning theory, highlighting that humans learn behaviors through observation and that cognitive factors, such as thoughts, play an essential role in shaping behaviors.

What are the key contributions of Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis in the second wave of therapies?

Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis introduced cognitive therapies, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). These therapies focus on changing dysfunctional thoughts that lead to negative behaviors, marking a shift from solely behavioral focus to incorporating cognitive factors.

What defines the third wave of behavioral therapies, and what are some of its key therapies?

The third wave, emerging in the 1990s, integrates mindfulness and acceptance into behavioral therapy. Key therapies in this wave include Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), all of which focus on psychological flexibility and emotional regulation.